岩溶地区钻（冲）孔灌注桩施工的难点及其技术对策

岩溶地区施工钻（冲）孔灌注桩难度较大,出现质量隐患的概率较高。针对钻（冲）孔灌注桩在岩溶地层中施工时遇到的溶洞区桩底高程的控制、漏浆与塌孔、偏孔与斜桩、卡钻或锤头脱落、混凝土流失、扩径与缩颈等问题进行分析,并提出相应的技术对策。     

六盘水岩溶地区钢绳冲孔灌注桩施工技术

介绍在六盘水岩溶地区,钢绳冲孔灌注桩施工一般技术,重点介绍岩溶地层常发生泥浆漏失、塌孔、卡钻、埋钻、偏孔现象的预防和处理方法。     

岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩事故分析与处理

岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩基础施工难度大、问题多,且多为突发事故,施工中要有充分的防范意识,尽可能详尽地掌握地质资料,加强施工组织与管理,一般选用冲击钻作为岩溶地区施工的成孔设备。对常出现的漏浆、塌孔、卡钻、桩孔偏斜等事故应在回填材料充足,相关设备到位,做针对性的处理。     

砂类土层钻孔灌注桩施工中泥浆的运用

介绍了砂类土层中进行泥浆护壁钻孔灌注桩施工时，采用施工场区临近地层黄土注入孔内直接造浆成孔的实践经验和施工效果。     

武汉地区岩溶地层钻孔灌注桩成孔技术研究与实践

随着城市基础设施建设及城市化进程的加快,有更多的钻孔灌注桩设计在岩溶地层。在岩溶地层进行钻孔施工容易发生孔内事故,且出现频率较高,处理难度很大,经济损失较大。通过对溶洞裂隙发育的石灰岩地层进行注浆加固,然后进行钻孔桩成孔工艺的试验研究。结果表明,该方法在比较好的解决了石灰岩地层成孔效率低、孔内事故多及泥浆混凝土漏失的技术问题。对岩溶地层进行钻孔桩施工具有重要的参考意义。     

桩基成孔施工中防塌泥浆性能试验分析

塌孔、缩径是桩基成孔施工中经常出现的问题,成孔的质量直接影响钻孔灌注桩桩体的质量。目前的成孔施工中除了下套管之外最有效的护壁方法就是采用防塌泥浆护壁。通过对各种组分泥浆试验性能参数的比较与分析,优选出防塌泥浆最佳配方,从而提高钻孔灌注桩成孔施工中孔壁的稳定性。     

PAM泥浆在水文钻探中的使用体会

在水文地质钻探中使用泥浆，过去水文地质规范有所限制。尤其不许在基岩破碎带含水层和断裂、溶洞等地层，用泥浆护壁钻进。如1982年我队在某地F_5断裂上施工的1~#孔，因地层极为复杂又不许使用泥浆钻进，免强维持到孔深107米处（即断裂带），孔内严重坍塌掉块，经跟管钻进和其它措施反复处理无效，最后被迫提前终孔。83年，为进一步探明该地区地下热储，在同一F_5断裂上施工5~#钻孔。经批准使用PAM泥浆护壁钻进，有效地控制了孔内大量掉块卡钻和蹩车，抑制了断裂     

旋挖钻进技术在澳门地下重型停车场工程中的应用

澳门地下重型停车场工程地段属人工堆填整平的山丘地形，地层结构从上而下为杂填土、冲积沙层、风化程度不同花岗岩带，使用旋挖钻机进行钻孔灌注桩施工时，因地层岩性因素，易出现漏浆、孔壁坍塌及埋钻事故。通过选用适岩性不同的钻头、合理埋设钢护筒位置、调配性能适宜的泥浆及规范混泥土灌注流程，保证了旋挖钻机在成孔过程中孔壁的稳定性，解决了塌孔埋钻问题，提高了钻孔灌注桩的成孔效率。     

用冻胶泥浆堵漏

我队在毛菇坝施工的地层，构造复杂，节理裂隙发育，岩层破碎，大多数钻孔都漏水、坍塌，而且有一些钻孔不仅又漏又塌，还出现又漏又涌，用泥巴、稻草、马粪、纤维物、石灰乳泥浆、下水泥等堵漏方法，收效很小。经过近几年的摸索，用冻胶泥浆堵漏，是适合该地区的一种较好的堵漏方法。冻胶泥浆是以水玻璃、普通泥浆和水泥三者按照一定的比例混合后所形成的一种半固体状态的物质。它触变性很大，流入漏层后能很快形成结构，凝成冻胶，并能承受一定的液柱压力，以阻止冲洗液流失。鉴于冻胶泥浆的这一特性，我们曾首先在兴隆矿区ZK20—1溶洞裂隙发育     

水泥泥浆的应用实例

我队在狮子山地区施工的103—4孔，设计孔深550米，由开孔至249米，为板岩和少量的板岩、白云岩互层，岩层破碎，遇水松散，易坍塌、掉块、缩径，冲洗液漏失。在125米以上的孔段，用普通泥浆钻进，孔内坍塌物少则5米，多则30多米；由于漏失，泥浆供     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861