纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性及固化机理研究

将性能优异的纳米硅粉作为外掺剂应用于水泥土改性研究。通过室内试验，探讨了纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性。试验表明，一定掺量下的纳米硅粉能够显著提高水泥土的各个龄期强度。结合试验测试和理论分析，探讨了纳米硅粉在水泥水化硬化过程中的作用以及纳米硅粉与土之间的作用，在此基础上，分析了纳米硅粉改性水泥土工程性状的机理，旨在为纳米硅粉应用于工程实践开展理论和试验研究探索。     

干湿循环对合肥马鞍山路膨胀土强度特性的影响

膨胀土属高塑性黏土,是一种典型的非饱和土,性质极不稳定,其吸水膨胀、失水收缩、干缩裂隙发育等特性常常使建筑物产生不均匀的胀缩变形,造成在膨胀土地基上的建筑物位移、开裂、倾斜,甚至破坏,是一种典型的工程灾害性地质土。另外,膨胀土边坡也常由于雨水的作用失稳,造成不必要的损失。近年来,对膨胀土的强度和变形特性的研究已成为热点。其最大的特点是：在季节气候的影响下其强度特性具有明显的规律变动。通过模拟土体季节性的干缩湿胀,测定其自由膨胀率、液塑限、抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度,并与掺入7％石灰后的改良土的试验数据及其他试验资料对比,探讨干湿循环效应对膨胀土强度的影响。     

The microscopic characteristics of Shanghai soft clay and its effect on soil body deformation and land subsidence

Compaction of the 40-m-thick, upper Shanghai soft clay contributes to land subsidence in the Shanghai region. The upper clay, a marine deposit, continuously subsides at rate of 3 mm/years despite mitigation strategies designed to control land subsidence. These strategies include the artificial injection of water into the subsurface. Data describing the particle-size distribution, pore-size distribution, microstructure, mineralogical composition, pore-solution composition, and cation-exchange capacity indicate that the clay is semidispersed, substable, and susceptible to compaction. An evaluation of soil body deformation caused by artificial injection of dilute water into a marine clay suggests that depression of the electrostatic double 1ayer in the marine clays may be responsible for the observed compaction and resulting subsidence. A decrease in the swelling pressure of the marine clays might result from a reduction in the concentration of dissolved sodium in pore fluids when calcium-bicarbonate water is injected. Thus, ironically, the strategy designed to mitigate land subsidence could be contributing to it. Increasing the concentration of dissolved salts in the injection water may prevent the collapse of the clay structure and halt or reverse the subsidence process. The analysis results indicate the deformation of soft clay by consolidation is subject to its microscopic physical and chemical features, rather than the fluctuation of groundwater level. This continuous compression contributes as a major part to the land subsidence in Shanghai. Supported by Programmer of Excellent Young Scientists of the Ministry of Land and Resources People’s Republic of China, No.2002-18.     

伊犁盆地南缘水西沟群粘土矿物特征研究及其意义

粘土矿物是砂岩中重要的填隙物,其在砂岩中的含量、产状以及矿物组成对砂岩的孔隙结构、渗透性能都有重要意义,并影响着以砂岩为储层的能源矿产的成矿。文章通过镜下观察和X射线衍射分析,研究了粘土矿物特征、形成机制及其与砂岩层渗透性的关系。     

压实度对铁盐稳定化砷、锑污染土特性的影响及机制研究

压实度是影响铁盐稳定化砷(As)、锑(Sb)污染土环境岩土工程特性的主要因素之一。通过测定不同压实度铁盐稳定剂(PFSC)稳定化As、Sb污染土无侧限抗压强度(UCS)、As和Sb浸出浓度、渗透系数kw,研究了压实度对PFSC稳定化As、Sb污染土环境岩土工程特性的影响规律。通过工业CT扫描、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)明确了稳定化土微观孔隙特征、元素价态随压实度的变化规律。As的浸出浓度随着压实度的提高先降低后略微上升,压实度为93%时,As的浸出浓度最低;Sb的浸出浓度随着压实度的提高而降低,压实度大于85%后趋于平稳。压实度由75%提高至96%,稳定化土UCS由4.26 kPa增大至43.78 kPa。压实度由80%提高至96%,稳定化土k_w由1.33×10^–7 m/s降低至2.81×10^–9 m/s。工业CT扫描结果表明,随着压实度的提高,土体逐渐紧实,土体孔隙度由7.54%降低至5.30%。As、Sb和Fe的XPS分析结果表明,压实度增高促使As(Ⅴ)、Sb(Ⅴ)和Fe(Ⅲ)分别向As(Ⅲ)、Sb(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅱ...