共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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对我国部分土壤和作物中重金属元素的分布特征作了概括性的论述,指出重金属元素的富集或贫化与成土母质、土壤环境等因素密切相关。母质母岩中元素含量高则相应土壤中该元素富集;土壤偏碱性或氧化条件下,重金属元素的有效性低;重金属元素通常富集于土壤表层0-20cm层位。不同种类的粮食、蔬菜对土壤中重金属元素具有不同程度的吸收和富集能力,叶类菜比茎类菜对重金属具有更强的吸收和富集能力,粮食作物的根比籽粒含重金属更多。对已污染的土壤大多采用生物修复和生态修复方法。 相似文献
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通过对比冀东平原表层和深层土壤样品中8种重金属含量,并利用因子分析提取了7个主因子,结合因子得分图进行重金属来源分析。结果显示Cr的来源具有分异性,一部分源于土壤本底,另一部分来源于矿业污染造成的元素叠加;Hg的来源主要为农业生产,部分地区Hg是由冶金、交通等污染排放所致;唐海县附近Cd主要为河流上游元素搬运成因。局部地区Pb高度富集是由于采矿污染造成。As、Cu、Zn、Ni等元素主要来源于当地自然地质背景。 相似文献
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通过对平阴县周边及其西部农田区采样调查,平阴县周边元素异常具有异常衬度较高,富集系数大等特征,西部农田区异常具有各元素套合关系好,多数异常衬度不高,富集系数小的特点。结果表明,西部农田区异常是以As,Cd为主要成分的异常,元素含量与SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3,Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素;而平阴城区异常是以S,Hg,As,Zn,Mn等元素为主的异常,是典型的人为综合因素(化工烟尘、工厂污水、生活垃圾)产生的异常。 相似文献
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为了定量预测长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤质量未来变化,通过分析人类活动对土壤重金属元素富集影响,建立了基于人类活动的土壤重金属元素分布未来变化预测模型.工业、农业总产值、国内生产总值、人口总数等影响因子的数据输入模型后,即可获得土壤重金属污染等级所占比例,达到定量预测由于人类活动的变化对土壤质量产生的影响. 相似文献
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土壤中重金属元素Pb、Cd地球化学行为影响因素研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
通过研究湖南洞庭湖地区水稻土中Pb、Cd与土壤有机质、粘粒和pH值的关系,结果表明,(1)土壤中有机质含量与Cd、Pb有着显著的正相关性,土壤中有机质含量增加可明显降低Cd和Pb的离子态和可交换态含量。(2)随着粘粒含量增加,Pb和Cd离子可交换态占全量的比值略有增加,这说明粘粒表面吸附的Pb和Cd容易进入植物体中,对生态系统安全具有危害的组分。(3)Cd离子交换态与土壤pH值呈显著相关关系,土壤酸化使Cd的离子交换态比例上升,可直接导致农作物中Cd含量增加,防止土壤酸化是控制Cd对生态系统危害的有效途径;Pb的离子交换态与全量的比值与pH值具有显著的相关性,对于Pb污染严重的土壤,保持土壤pH值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围,防止土壤酸化和盐碱化,可以降低Pb危害。土壤有机质含量、pH值等是控制重金属元素地球化学行为的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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山东省平阴县土壤中重金属元素异常成因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为改善平阴县生态环境,为农业区划、环境保护和地方病防治等领域提供全新的地球化学资料和科学依据,开展了平阴县生态地球化学调查。调查发现,平阴县周边及其西部农田区有As、N i、Cd、Cr、F、Cu、Mn、S、Hg等以重金属为主的元素异常,平阴县周边元素异常具有异常衬度较高、富集系数大等特征,西部农田区异常具有各元素套合关系好、多数异常衬度不高、富集系数小的特点。研究结果表明,西部农田区异常以As、Cd为主要成分,元素含量与S iO2,A l2O3,Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,随S iO2含量的增加而降低,随A l2O3,Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素;而平阴城区异常以S、Hg、As、Zn、Mn等元素为主,是典型的受人类综合污染而产生的异常。 相似文献
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为查明长寿城区及周边区域表层土壤中As、Cd、Hg等8个重金属元素的污染情况,进行土壤测量结果显示,区内Cr、Hg、Ni等大部分元素的平均含量高于三峡库区深层土壤背景值,Hg、Pb的后期叠加作用最为强烈;除Hg外,其余7个元素含量间存在显著正相关,其中Cr、Ni最为显著;随着p H值增加,Ni、Cr、Cd、Cu含量显著增加;单因子污染指数评价和内梅罗综合指数评价均显示研究区内土壤环境质量总体较好,污染区域较少,以轻度污染-中度污染为主,重污染约占全区面积的0.3%,Hg元素为研究区内最主要的污染元素。 相似文献
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对株洲市土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As污染现状进行了调查与评价。结果表明:①株洲市60个样品中Cd已达到重度污染程度,污染严重;Cu、Hg、As处于中度污染;Pb、Zn、Cr属于轻度污染。内梅罗综合污染指数也已达重污染。②不同土地利用类型土壤中各重金属含量由高到低变化如下:Cu、Zn、Cr为水田→菜地→旱地;Pb、Hg、As为旱地→水田→菜地;Cd为菜地→旱地→水田。③不同土壤类型中各重金属含量由高到低变化如下:Zn、Cd、As为潮土→粘土→红壤;Pb、Hg为粘土→潮土→红壤;Cr为红壤→潮土→粘土;Cu为潮土→红壤→粘土。 相似文献
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研究雄安地区土壤重金属和砷元素空间分布特征及其来源,对于支撑新区土地资源和环境管理具有重要意义。基于雄安新区土壤环境调查,运用地统计学方法和ArcGIS 技术分析模拟了土壤中As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr等8种元素空间分布特征,综合运用空间分析、多元统计学方法和正定因子矩阵模型解析这些元素的主要来源。结果表明:(1)区内土壤质量总体良好,4.35 %的土壤样品Cd和Cu含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控值;与河北省背景值相比,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg存在不同程度中度和显著富集。(2)As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr含量呈现出由北部向南部逐渐增高的趋势,高值区主要分布在新区西南部;Hg元素分布分散,高值区主要分布在城镇及工业企业周边。(3)不同土地利用类型土壤剖面重金属和砷元素垂向分布受pH值、有机碳和铁铝氧化物等理化性质影响显著。(4)研究区土壤重金属和砷元素富集受人类活动影响明显,人为来源贡献率达67.12 %,Hg元素主要来源于人为排放的大气沉降富集,As元素富集受到废渣堆放和利用的影响,Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn元素富集受工业生产、污水灌溉以及尾气排放等活动影响。研究成果可为雄安新区合理制定土地资源开发利用和生态保护措施提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Sixty-two soil samples collected from different functional zones of Guiyang were analyzed for total concentrations and sequential extraction of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd by ICP spectrometry. The average total concentrations ofCr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the soils of Guiyang were 92.9, 51.6, 44.1,139.3 and 0.28 mg/kg, respectively. The soils have been polluted by Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd to some extent in comparison with the background values of Guiyang. Significant differences were recognized in the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in different functional zones. As for the sequential extraction, Cr, Cu and Zn were present mainly in the residual fraction, and Pb was present mainly in the oxidizable fraction. The reducible fraction of Cd accounts for 47.5%, and the residual fraction is lowest. The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals follow the order of Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr〉Zn. 相似文献
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Cuihua CHEN Shijun NI Binbin HE Chengjiang ZHANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):27-28
Heavy metal contamination has attracted huge concern due to its toxicity, abundance and persistence in the environment, and subsequent accumulation in soil, sediment and water. Mining is one of the most important sources of heavy metals in the environment. Mining-milling operations and disposal of tailings (the finely ground remains of milled ores) in addition to smelting and metal refining provide significant sources of pollution. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years and have contaminated the soils with heavy metals, Many studies were conducted to assess and establish the extent of heavy metal contamination in the soils due to mining. The aim of this work was to assess the environmental impact of mining on soils in the Dexing region and to identify the main factors involved in heavy metals dispersion. A 4800 km^2 study area was assessed with respect to its heavy metals on the basis of the current guideline values. In order to assess the extent of heavy metals contamination resulting from past mining activities in the Dexing region, 919 soil samples were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb, Heavy metals levels were determined using inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results of soil samples reported concentrations between 1.790-899 mg/kg for As, 0.034-4.980 mg/kg for Hg, 0.043-8.330 mg/kg for Cd, 10-666 mg/kg for Cr, 25-18500 mg/kg for Zn, 6-1825 mg/kg for Cu, and 16-1312 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The maximum values of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb concentration in soils were up to 60, 33, 41, 7, 185, 52 and 37 times higher than the tolerable level, respectively. Meanwhile, the single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were used to assess the environment quality of heavy metals contamination. 相似文献
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以24 186个表层土壤(0~20 cm)和6 127个深层土壤(150~200 cm)样品之Cd、Hg、Pb、As等含量数据为基础,研究了江苏全省土壤环境的重金属分布与主要污染特征.结果表明.全省自然土壤环境与人为活动土壤环境的重金属元素分布都不均匀,但人为活动土壤环境中的不均衡程度远高于自然土壤环境:全省农田中有1.02%的土壤受到Cd、Hg、Pb等8种重金属的严重污染,苏州市、无锡市土壤环境被重金属污染的程度相对严重;工业化、城市化进程中的人为活动及自然地质作用都是引起江苏局部土壤重金属污染的重要原因,自然成因的重金属污染土壤多呈面状、多元素、低强度、双层污染等特点,从而与人为成因的重金属污染土壤有所区别. 相似文献
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Guiyang is located in southwestern China,which is a famous tourism city,and is awarded the title of"the Summer Capital of China".A study on heavy metals in Guiyang urban soils was conducted.The results showed that the concentrations of Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in Guiyang urban soils are significantly higher than their background values and Cu,Zn and Pb in Guiyang soils are accumulated seriously.The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in 3 districts are described as follows:the level of heavy metals in soils follows the order of Nanming District> Yunyan District>Xiaohe District.The spatial distribution of metals in urban soils of Guiyang shows that the level of metals in the central and eastern parts of Guiyang is relatively high,and its characteristics are attributed to the influence of commercial activities,heavy traffic and industrial emission.Compared with some other cities in China,Guiyang is characterized by relatively high accumulation level of Cd,Cu,and Zn in its soils. 相似文献
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为了解滇中姚安地区表层土壤重(类)金属的污染特征、来源及生态风险状况,在研究区共采集表层土壤样品428件,对其中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn元素的含量进行测试分析。通过数据统计分析和地球化学图说明了这些重(类)金属元素的含量分布特征和空间分布特征。运用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法探究了重(类)金属的来源。运用地累积指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态危害指数法对研究区土壤重(类)金属污染程度及潜在生态风险进行了评价。研究结果表明,As、Cu、Pb和Zn受自然背景与矿产开采共同影响;Cr、Ni主要来源于成土母质;而Cd受矿产开采和农业施肥的影响较大;Hg则受周边工厂以及煤炭燃烧的影响。地累积指数和富集系数分析表明,研究区污染程度普遍不高,但局部地区有重(类)金属元素的污染富集,代表元素为Cd和Hg。而潜在生态危害指数法分析结果也表明Cd和Hg是研究区最主要的风险元素,但以轻度和中度生态危害为主,强生态危害分布面积较小,研究区生态风险整体较低,风险可控。本研究对滇中地区的土壤重(类)金属的污染评价和土地利用发展规划有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
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Bo PENG Shurong XIE Meilian XIAO Zhi SONG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):85-86
The black shale formed under anoxic conditions usually contains high concentrations of many metals. Weathering of such black shale might cause the emission of many metals. Moreover, soils derived from black shale (SBS) are believed to be affected by black shale weathering. In recent years, many studies such as Lee et al. (2002), Woo et al. (2002), Fang et al. (2002), Pasava et al. (2003), and Peng et al. (2004) have approached the heavy metal contaminations of SBS, but systematical geochemical study is rare. Presently, the SBS and its corresponding black shales (CBS) were both sampled from central Hunan (China), and analyzed for a large number of elements, using an Elan6000 ICP-MS/AES machine at Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS. In this paper, some preliminary results are reported. The analytical results show that the SBS in central Hunan contains very high concentrations of heavy metals such as Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Zn, U, Th, Sb, T1, Cd, Cr, Sc, V, Sn, As, Se, and Ni. 相似文献