强地震动数据采集系统研究

本文介绍了GDQJ—1A型强地震动数据采集系统的结构原理和技术性能，它可用于强地震观测和工程振动测量。     

强地震动相位的一个随机模型

进一步阐述了强烈地震波的等效频散概念,提出了一个与频率相关的强地震动相位的随机模型,供强地震动相位的统计估计使用．将这一半经验模型和强地震动振幅谱衰减的经验模型相结合,可以保证合成的设计地震动的非平稳特征与真实记录在统计意义上的一致．     

川滇地区水平向强地震动衰减关系研究

利用近几年在川滇地区破坏性地震及汶川地震强余震中获得的951条加速度记录,通过选取合适的衰减关系形式和距离参数,经统计获得了川滇地区水平向峰值加速度与35个周期点对应的加速度反应谱(阻尼比0.05)衰减关系.统计结果显示,震级越大,地震动随距离的衰减越慢;加速度反应谱的短周期部分随距离的衰减明显快于长周期部分;中强地震在近场也会产生较大的峰值加速度和较高的短周期加速度反应谱.由于统计资料的非完整性,本文统计结果尚不宜直接应用于相关工程场地的设计地震动参数确定中.但本文结果与目前由转换方法得到的我国西部地震动参数衰减规律的较大差异提示:进一步深入研究我国地震动参数衰减规律应是紧迫而重要的任务.     

川滇地区水平向强地震动衰减关系研究

利用近几年在川滇地区破坏性地震及汶川地震强余震中获得的951条加速度记录, 通过选取合适的衰减关系形式和距离参数, 经统计获得了川滇地区水平向峰值加速度与35个周期点对应的加速度反应谱(阻尼比0.05)衰减关系. 统计结果显示, 震级越大, 地震动随距离的衰减越慢; 加速度反应谱的短周期部分随距离的衰减明显快于长周期部分; 中强地震在近场也会产生较大的峰值加速度和较高的短周期加速度反应谱. 由于统计资料的非完整性, 本文统计结果尚不宜直接应用于相关工程场地的设计地震动参数确定中. 但本文结果与目前由转换方法得到的我国西部地震动参数衰减规律的较大差异提示： 进一步深入研究我国地震动参数衰减规律应是紧迫而重要的任务.     

数字强震仪在大坝安全监测中的应用研究

介绍了一种新型的数字强震仪（GDQJ-2型数字强震仪）,该强震仪以其独特的结构原理和技术性能, 在强震观测、大坝安全监测等地震领域得到广泛的应用.介绍了大坝安全监测的重要意义以及安全监测设备中地震监测设备的进展,介绍了GDQJ-2型数字强震仪的结构原理、技术指标以及在大坝安全监测中的应用,为大坝安全规范设计提出直接依据.     

近场强地震动合成方法研究及地震动模拟

本文通过对近场强地震动合成方法的研究,采用随机有限断层法合成了沈阳地区近场强地震动,将得到的断层附近加速度时程结果与已有的采用混合有限元法计算结果进行对比。认为这一合成地震动的方法在重大工程选址以及缺乏强震记录地区开展抗震设防工作具有重要意义。     

2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级强地震动模拟研究

为满足数字化时代应急处置的新要求,基于随机有限断层法的发展,利用青海门源地区地下三维速度结构的模型和v_S30数据,通过逐步迭代射线追踪法、格林函数位移解析相位谱和有限断层法的联合计算,以青海门源6.9级地震为例,获得具有地表土层放大效应的强地震动模拟数据,进而绘制出研究区内PGA和烈度分布模拟图;并与实际台站记录的PGA和实地调查烈度结果相比,其烈度区划范围基本一致,同时也验证此联合计算方法可用于未来地震灾害的快速评估,并为灾后应急救援提供参考。     

土耳其伊兹米特地震(1999,M7.4)的强地震动

介绍了１９９９年８月１７日土耳其伊兹米特地震（Ｍｓ７．４）的强震观测资料。结合工程应用,对烈度分布、加速度峰值衰减关系、加速度反应谱及其特征参数、强地震动持续时间等进行了分析和讨论。     

日本9.0级地震强地震动初步研究

采用2011年3月11日发生在日本东海岸的9.0级地震中K-net和KiK-net记录的强震数据,计算20s的绝对加速度反应谱Sa,阻尼系数设定为0.05.采用USGS的有限断层模型(破裂面走向194.4°,倾角10°),计算断层距Rrup,依据Rrup将台站分成了三组,分别为35 km之内,35～120 km以及120 km以上,以分析反应谱随距离的变化规律;同时对加速度水平分量进行平行断层走向方向和垂直断层走向方向的分解,以便更好的观察震源机制对不同方向地震动反应谱的影响.     

Effect of tilt on strong motion data processing

In the near-field of an earthquake the effects of the rotational components of ground motion may not be negligible compared to the effects of translational motions. Analyses of the equations of motion of horizontal and vertical pendulums show that horizontal sensors are sensitive not only to translational motion but also to tilts. Ignoring this tilt sensitivity may produce unreliable results, especially in calculations of permanent displacements and long-period calculations. In contrast to horizontal sensors, vertical sensors do not have these limitations, since they are less sensitive to tilts. In general, only six-component systems measuring rotations and accelerations, or three-component systems similar to systems used in inertial navigation assuring purely translational motion of accelerometers can be used to calculate residual displacements.     

嵌入式Linux系统下强震实时数据与地震流服务通信传输的实现

介绍嵌入式系统的概念、MiniSEED数据格式和NetSeis/IP协议,具体地阐述在嵌入式系统下,MiniSEED数据封装及地震数据流上载传输的实现.     

常用强震数据采集器文件传输协议分析

介绍国内“十五”期间多种强震数据采集器文件传输协议采用XModem协议的差异,简单介绍XModem协议,进而详细分析Etna、MR-2002、GDQJ、GSR-18和GSMA-2400IP等5种设备的文件传输协议及传输过程,并举例说明,最后阐述在嵌入式平台下事件下载的实现方法。     

三通道无线振动数据采集系统

本文阐述了一种采用无线方式进行数据传输的振动数据采集系统。在测量端使用低频拾振器拾取振动信号,并用模数转换器实现振动参数的模数转换,精度可达19．5mV。数字振动参数以无线的方式发射出去,在接收端应用远程可视化编程系统接收采集数据。系统对振动信号的采集及时准确,无线技术使得信号传输方便;远端可视化控制系统使振动数据采集、过程监控更加直观。     

Evolution of accelerographs, data processing, strong motion arrays and amplitude and spatial resolution in recording strong earthquake motion

This paper presents a review of the advances in strong motion recording since the early 1930s, based mostly on the experiences in the United States. A particular emphasis is placed on the amplitude and spatial resolution of recording, which both must be ‘adequate’ to capture the nature of strong earthquake ground motion and response of structures. The first strong motion accelerographs had optical recording system, dynamic range of about 50 dB and useful life longer than 30 years. Digital strong motion accelerographs started to become available in the late 1970s. Their dynamic range has been increasing progressively, and at present is about 135 dB. Most models have had useful life shorter than 5–10 years. One benefit from a high dynamic range is early trigger and anticipated ability to compute permanent displacements. Another benefit is higher sensitivity and hence a possibility to record smaller amplitude motions (aftershocks, smaller local earthquakes and distant large earthquakes), which would augment significantly the strong motion databases. The present trend of upgrading existing and adding new stations with high dynamic range accelerographs has lead to deployment of relatively small number of new stations (the new high dynamic range digital instruments are 2–3 times more expensive than the old analog instruments or new digital instruments with dynamic range of 60 dB or less). Consequently, the spatial resolution of recording, both of ground motion and structural response, has increased only slowly during the past 20 years, by at most a factor of two. A major (and necessary) future increase in the spatial resolution of recording will require orders of magnitude larger funding, for purchase of new instruments, their maintenance, and for data retrieval, processing, management and dissemination. This will become possible only with an order of magnitude cheaper and ‘maintenance-free’ strong motion accelerographs. In view of the rapid growth of computer technology this does not seem to be (and should not be) out of our reach.     

强震动记录数据格式研究

强震动记录数据是构建震害防御体系的重要数据基础,又是应急救援体系的重要参数指标。当今互联网技术及数据库技术的飞速发展,对数据共享及数据应用提供了必要条件,掌握多种强震动记数据格式是上述工作的良好基础。本文着重研究国内外5种主流的强震动记录数据格式(美国USGS格式、日本K-NET格式、美国PEER格式、土耳其格式、中国UA格式),针对目前地震应急需求,提出中国强震动记录数据格式发展建议。     

单机地震数据采集系统NCDAS——华北地区遥测地震台网联网论文续一

设计了一套单机地震数据采集软件系统NCDAS.文中描述了该软件的总体结构、各任务块的功能、事件检测算法以及硬件环境.     

Common problems in automatic digitization of strong motion accelerograms

Common problems encountered in automatic digitization of strong motion accelerograms, recorded on film, are presented and discussed. These include synchronization of the time scale for the three components of motion, non-uniform film speed, trace following in case of scratches or trace crossings, distortions from high contrast preprocessing of the scanned image, and trace “rotation” resulting from rotated position of the scanned film record. Procedures for correcting or eliminating these problems are suggested. The image processing hardware has developed so much during the past 20 years, that at present it exceeds the technical requirements for processing strong motion accelerograms. The problems described in this paper result from lack of training of the operators and lack of quality control in the process, which still seems to be esoteric and highly specialized. This situation may have been caused by the low demand by the engineering profession for high quality and large volume of strong motion data.     

地震数据采集器关键技术研究

介绍为满足地震监测要求而应用于地震数据采集器设计的一些关键技术,详细分析影响地震数据采集器的信噪比、时钟精度和标定系统精度的原因,并提出相关设计方法,给出设计实例.