西江干流河水主要离子及锶同位素地球化学组成特征

水环境中锶（Sr）含量及其同位素组成特征的研究有助于认识区域水文地球化学特征及流域盆地岩石风化速率等地球化学行为,因此河流环境中Sr的地球化学行为是地球化学研究的重要课题之一。对中国南方西江干流及其支流河水主要阴阳离子及sr同位素组成进行了分析,发现其水化学组成主要以Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、HCO3^-和SO4^2-离子为主,分别占阴阳离子组成的80％以上。郁江河水具有较高的Sr同位素比值（^87St／^86Sr=0．71049）和较低的Sr含量（0．0263mg／L）,而西江河水具有较低的Sr同位素比值以及较高的Sr含量,其Sr含量变化范围在0．0667．0．187mg／L之间,平均含量为0．136mg／L;Sr同位素比值变化范围在0．70856．0．70936之间,平均比值为0．70894。与世界主要河流水体中Sr含量平均值（0．078mg／L）及Sr同位素比值（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7119）相比,西江干流水体具有较高的Sr含量及较低的Sr同位素比值。两条河流河水中主要离子及Sr的来源存在显著差异,西江干流河水中的主要溶解离子及Sr同位素主要源于碳酸盐岩（石灰岩和白云岩）的风化作用,主要受黔江及其上游红水河等化学组成所控制,而郁江则主要受碎屑岩风化作用的影响;同时,中上游地区的酸沉降及人类活动的输入可能导致西江干流水体受到一定程度的污染,而郁江受污染程度则相对较小。     

Environmental evaluation of elemental cesium and strontium contents and their isotopic activity concentrations in different soils of La Mancha (Central Spain)

Cesium and Strontium concentrations were analyzed in eight pedogenetic soil profiles developed on different rocks from a semiarid mediterranean region: La Mancha (Central Spain). Concentration activities of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr, as for some soil properties, were also measured. The results are presented in this document: Cs concentrations range between 0.4 and 18.3 mg kg⁻¹ and Sr varies widely between 11.0 and 3,384 mg kg⁻¹. Therefore, it is clear that there is a broad range of concentrations and there are also values significantly higher than the average values stated by several authors. Concentrations of long-life artificial radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr) were determined in some of the same soils. The activity concentration mean values (Bq kg⁻¹) were ranging between 0.82 and 21.76 for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr variations range between 6.73 and 0.35. There were no significant correlations between radionuclides and stable trace elements. The data indicate that the soils do not show significant radioactivity of these elements and therefore they do not pose a danger. By the same token, no risk of contamination by this activity was detected. Finally, spatial patterns seem to be affected by the soil type and some soil properties.     

延河泉岩溶水系统Sr/Mg、Sr/Ca分布特征及其应用

山西省延河泉岩溶水系统是我国北方岩溶大泉之一。依据碱土金属比值Sr Mg、Sr Ca与矿化度关系,分析了延河泉岩溶水系统Sr Mg、Sr Ca分布规律及形成条件。从补给区到径流区、排泄区,Sr Mg、Sr Ca值逐渐增高;径流条件好,Sr Mg、Sr Ca值低;径流条件差,其值高;径流滞缓区最高。并且Sr Mg、Sr Ca值主要受径流条件控制,不受人为作用的影响。因此,Sr Mg、Sr Ca是比较理想的天然示踪剂。根据Sr Mg、Sr Ca值将延河泉岩溶水系统划分为三个子系统,即下河泉子系统(泉1、2、3、5),延河泉子系统(泉4、6),南部散泉子系统(泉7、8、9)。     

尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体的合成及表征

铝酸钴(CoAl2O4)是目前世界上最耐候、耐光、耐热、耐化学品的尖晶石型钴蓝颜料,为了解决传统钴蓝制备方法存在的能耗高、产品粒径分布不均匀、易团聚等问题,尝试采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法合成了尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体,对样品进行了TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析,考察了前驱体凝胶的热分解过程,以及煅烧温度对CoAl204晶化程度和粒度的影响．确定了钴蓝最佳合成条件为：n(Co^2 )／n(Al^3 )=1：3,柠檬酸与金属离子摩尔比为1：1,pH值约为6．5,煅烧温度为800℃．结果表明,采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法成功合成了平均粒径为60nm,粒度分布均匀的尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体,该法具有合成成本低、制备工艺简单、易操作等优点．     

2,6—二特丁基—4—甲酚碘氧化合成二聚体的研究

报道了在氢氯化钾的甲醇溶液中,碘氧化２,６－二特丁基－４－甲酚生成稳定的苯氧基化合物Ｉ,并对反应条件进行了研究,实际结果表明,碘氧化２,６－二特丁基－４－甲酚合成１,不仅操作简单,而且产率高达９０％以上。     

Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Gabbroic Xenoliths from Hannuoba,China

Nine pieces of gabbroic xenoliths from Hannuoba were examined for their major and trace elements and Nd,Sr and Pb isotopes.The results show that the gab-broic xenoliths are of more mafic basaltic composition .Their abundances show narrow variations in major elements.The trace element contents are highly variable in contrast with those of host basalts and lherzolite xenoliths.The gabbroic xenoliths are rich in Nd(0.51159-0.51249),Sr(0.70491-0.70768) and low in radiogenic Pb(16.283-17.046, 15.191-15.381 and 36.999-37.476),significantly different from basalts and lherzolites in isotopic space.The calculated Nd and Pb model ages are about 3.0-3.5 Ga.The rocks have relatively low equilibrium T(-850℃) and P(0.8-0.9 Gpa).They could be inter-preted to be the product of upper mantle melting at the boundary between the lower crust and the upper mantle.Their chemical and isotopic variations can be ascribed to different degrees of melting,segregation and long-term evolution.     

塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞充填物的地球化学特征及其形成流体分析

塔河地区奥陶系方解石脉和胶结物~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值多高于围岩与同期海水,显示具有外来的、富~(87)Sr的流体的贡献.富~(87)Sr的流体可来自奥陶系抬升时期淡水对碎屑岩的淋滤作用,但也可来自深部的热液流体.不同成因的流体所沉淀的方解石Sr含量具有明显的差异.地层水δD-δ~(18O) 关系证实了存在淡水的混合作用.淡水的混合导致了原油的厌氧生物降解,产生低δ~(34)S的黄铁矿与有机酸;有机酸促进了不整合面附近的岩溶作用.而方解石的均一化温度可达150～190℃,有意义地高于地层所经历的最高温度,支持了存在深部热液流体的活动,说明Sr很可能都来自寒武系或前寒武碎屑岩地层;该热液流体促进了寒武系碳酸盐岩发生热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR),产生H_2S气体和黄铁矿,其δ~(34)S值为18‰～22‰.热液流体的活动,导致了碳酸盐矿物的溶解-再沉淀作用.     

功能性Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成

本研究以PNIPAM(聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)为单体,先制备出来Fe3O4@SiO2纳米颗粒,再与DMP(十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯)链转移剂进行酯化反应,制备的产物作为新的链转移剂,在偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂的条件下,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)活性聚合法制备温度响应性磁纳米粒子。通过红外光谱法、核磁共振法对聚合物的结构进行表征,谱图表明成功地合成出所需的产物。通过扫描电镜对其进行分析,所得到的Fe3O4@SiO2-PNIPAM聚合物纳米颗粒分布比较均匀。     

Sources,characteristics,toxicity,and control of ultrafine particles:An overview

Air pollution by particulate matter(PM)is one of the main threats to human health,particularly in large cities where pollution levels are continually exceeded.According to their source of emission,geography,and local meteorology,the pollutant particles vary in size and composition.These particles are conditioned to the aerodynamic diameter and thus classified as coarse(2.5–10μm),fine(0.1–2.5μm),and ultrafine(<0.1μm),where the degree of toxicity becomes greater for smaller particles.These particles can get into the lungs and translocate into vital organs due to their size,causing significant human health consequences.Besides,PM pollutants have been linked to respiratory conditions,genotoxic,mutagenic,and carcinogenic activity in human beings.This paper presents an overview of emission sources,physicochemical characteristics,collection and measurement methodologies,toxicity,and existing control mechanisms for ultrafine particles(UFPs)in the last fifteen years.