Biological and ecological characteristics of Tamarix L. And its effect on the ecological environment

Through studying biological and ecological characteristics of Tarnarix L., we foundwide adaptability to different ecological environment and high endurance of adversity. Whenplanted in the edge of desert and periphery of oasis, Tamarix will act as excellent sand-fixingshrubs, improve ecological environment and play a positive role. However, introducing Tamarixunreasonably will deteriorate the ecological environment and reduce biodiversity and play a nega-tive role. Grasping the biological and ecological characteristics of Tamarix will do much to benefitfurther developing and utilizing of the resources.     

山东省三个鲤鱼群体遗传多样性及亲缘关系的微卫星标记分析

利用微卫星标记技术对3个鲤鱼群体(DP、WS和SY)的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行研究．结果表明．3个群体的遗传多样性总体水平较高,其中SY群体最高,WS群体次之,DP群体最低．根据基因型频率(P)检验了各位点的Hardy- Weinberg平衡情况．Fis值表明3个群体中共有32个微卫星位点的杂合度观测值过剩．3个群体间,WS和SY群体间的遗传相似系数最大(0．8320),遗传距离最小(0．1680),表明这两个群体亲缘关系较近;WS和DP群体间的遗传相似系数最小(0．8288),遗传距离最大(0．1712),表明这两个群体亲缘关系较远．     

Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic‐Contaminated Soils

Ten Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their phytoremediation potential for arsenic (As) contaminated water under laboratory‐controlled conditions. The genotypes were grown in a hydroponic chamber for 20 days in 250‐mL beakers containing As‐contaminated water. During plant development, changes in plant growth, biomass, and total As were evaluated. Of the 10 genotypes (Pusa Agrani, BTO, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Arka Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav) Pusa Jai Kisan was the most effective in phytoremediating As‐contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. This will provide new information for Indian mustard genotypes for phytoremediating As‐contaminated soils.     

蓖齿眼子菜的光合速率及影响因素

本文研究了蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeon pectinatus L)在滇池的光合速率、体内叶绿素季节变化及光和水温对其光合速率影响,并根据实验,计算出了蓖齿眼子菜生长的光补偿点,研究结果表明,蓖齿眼子菜1～3月份的净光合产氧量最大,为1.82～1.83mg/(g·h),6月份最低,为0.63 mg/(g·h);植物体内Chl.a和Chl.b平均含量分别为0.25～1.15mg/(g·h)和0.28～0.85mg/(g·h),蓖齿眼子菜可以通过调节体内Chl.a/Chl.b值来适应不同季节生长;蓖齿眼子菜有较宽的水温适应范围,10℃时的净光合产氧量可达0.88mg/(g·h),最高值出现在水温25℃,为1.16mg/(g·h),而30℃以上的水温已表现出对其生长的不利影响;蓖齿跟子菜生长的光补偿点为358～1256Lx,并随温度上升而逐渐增加.     

Responses of Different Chinese Flowering Cabbage (Brassica parachinensis L.) Cultivars to Cadmium and Lead Exposure: Screening for Cd + Pb Pollution‐Safe Cultivars

To reduce the potential risks of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) entering the human food chain in vegetables, two pot experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were carried out to screen for Cd and Pb pollution‐safe cultivars (PSCs) of Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica parachinensis L.). The three Cd treatments in Exp. 1 (0.114, 0.667, and 1.127 mg kg^?1) showed that Chinese flowering cabbage could easily take up Cd from polluted soils, and there were wide variations in Cd accumulation among different cultivars. The Cd accumulation trait at cultivar level was rather stable under different soil Cd treatments. In Exp. 2, seven cultivars that had been shown in Exp. 1 to be typical high or low accumulators of Cd were selected and six Cd + Pb joint exposure treatments were applied to them. The results showed that there were similar trends of accumulation between Cd and Pb for the tested cultivars, but Pb accumulation by the species was much poorer than that of Cd. It was worth noting that an increase in soil Pb levels significantly (p < 0.01) depressed shoot Cd accumulation. Six cultivars were selected as Cd + Pb PSCs. This study showed that it is feasible to apply a PSC strategy in Chinese flowering cabbage cultivation, to cope with the Cd and Pb contamination commonly found in agricultural soils.     

Response Surface Optimization for Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Waste Agricultural Biosorbent Psidium guvajava L. Leaf Powder

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the combined effects of the various parameters namely, pH, biosorbent dosage, cadmium concentration and temperature, and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of cadmium using Psidium guvajava L. leaf powder. In order to obtain the mutual interactions between the variables and to optimize these variables, a 2⁴ full factorial central composite design using RSM was employed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model demonstrates that the model was highly significant. The model was statistically tested and verified by experimentation. A maximum cadmium removal of 93.2% was obtained under the following optimum conditions: aqueous cadmium concentration 40.15 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 0.5 g/50 mL solution, pH 5.0, and temperature (35°C). The value of desirability factor obtained was 1.     

不同基质下菹草的生长及其对水体营养盐的吸收

设置两组实验分别研究不同基质对菹草生长繁殖的影响以及菹草对不同基质下水体营养盐的吸收净化作用.结果表明:湖泥、混合基质及黄土三种基质对菹草的生物量变化及石芽的形成有比较明显的差别,氮磷养分含量高的湖泥更有利于菹草植株的生长,其生物量增长幅度最大,混合基质次之,氮磷含量最低的黄土最差;黄土基质下菹草石芽产生的时间最早;混合基质下产生石芽数量最多.3、4月份菹草水体中不同形态的氮浓度均低于空白组,最大净化效率达74%,构成水体营养盐氮的汇;菹草对不同基质下水体中氮的净化效率表现为:湖泥混合底泥黄土;菹草对水体磷的控制吸收作用不明显,甚至有加快磷转换释放的作用;6月份处于腐败分解阶段的水草组水体营养盐浓度普遍高于对照组,构成水体营养增加的源.     

On the ecology of Azolla filiculoides Lam. in Damietta district, Egypt

Azolla filiculoides Lam. is a tiny aquatic fern growing as free floating mats covering the stagnant water of the irrigation and drainage canals of Damietta district, Egypt. Ecological characteristics and distribution of the fern were investigated and results were discussed.Vegetation analysis of Azolla indicate that the most common associated species with Azolla are: Phragmites australis [presence (P) = 93.3%], Echinochloa stagnina (P = 70%), Eichhornia crassipes (P = 57%), Pluchea dioscoridis (P = 56.7%), Persicaria salicifolia (P = 26.7%), Phylla nodiflora (P = 13.3%) and Ludwigia stolonifera (P = 10%). Submerged species, e.g. Ceratophyllum spp. and Potamogeton spp. are completely absent in the stands dominated with solid mats of Azolla. This could be explained by that these mats prevent light penetration and oxygen which are required to submerged plants which in turn are decayed.The pH of the water where Azolla was recorded ranged from 7.1 to 9.0 (mean = 7.8), total dissolved salts ranged from 280 to 2600 mg/l (mean = 880 mg/l). The total phosphorus showed the range from 0.01 to 0.82 mg/l (mean = 0.22 mg/l). The ammonia-N is relatively high, varying from 2 to 18 mg/l (mean = 7.0 mg/l), however, the nitrate-N varied from 2.1 to 54.1 mg/l with a mean value of 20.5 mg/l.The fresh biomass of Azolla ranged from 114 to 4280 g/m² in irrigation canals and from 506 to 2760 g/m² in drainage canals. The dry biomass varied from 16 to 23 g/m² in irrigation canals. The range from 26 to 320 g/m² was obtained for drainage canals.     

菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)对酞酸酯污染沉积物的净化作用

酞酸酯是一类典型的内分泌干扰物,在我国城区河湖中污染超标相对严重,且污染呈上升趋势.本文采用根袋法,模拟海河干流水体建立了室内菹草微宇宙,同时设置无菹草微宇宙为对照,研究了沉水植物菹草对沉积物中酞酸二丁酯(DBP)和酞酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的去除作用.实验连续运行27 d.结果表明:系统运行结束时,菹草体内DBP和DEHP含量分别升高了133%和68%;水中,有草组和对照组中DBP的浓度始终低于定量限(8μg/L),而DEHP的浓度则由初始的65μg/L和70μg/L逐渐降低,至第3 d后低于定量限(8μg/L);对照组和有草组非根际沉积物中DBP浓度差异不显著,结束时去除率为32.2%~36.5%,根际沉积物中DBP去除率达50.0%;对照组和非根际沉积物中DEHP浓度差异也不显著,始终在一定范围内波动,结束时去除率为10.3%~11.4%,根际沉积物中DEHP则在第27 d时迅速下降,去除率达80.9%.微生物的结果进一步表明,实验过程中根际土中微生物量明显高于对照组和非根际沉积物,实验后期根际沉积物中微生物群落结构变化较大,这与根际中这两种酞酸酯的去除数据相一致.可见,沉水植物菹草可以通过根际效应有效去除沉积物中酞酸酯类化合物.     

动、静水条件下苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)对沉积物磷释放的影响

在浅水湖泊中,沉降在沉积物中的营养盐易受到水流的扰动再释放出来,而沉水植物可以在一定程度减少营养盐的释放.借助自主开发的生态水槽,在40 d的实验周期内检测动、静水条件下有、无苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)时沉积物、上覆水中磷含量变化,旨在为沉水植物对湖泊沉积物营养盐释放量的影响估算及水环境质量评价提供科学依据.结果表明:动水条件下,沉积物在没有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降21.8%,而有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降17.7%.苦草根系从周围沉积物中吸收磷,1~4 cm沉积物层的吸收量高于4~8 cm沉积物层.动水槽的上覆水中总溶解态磷浓度和总颗粒态磷浓度均大量增加,并且总颗粒态磷浓度相对于总溶解态磷浓度占较大比例.苦草减少了沉积物中磷的释放,并对上覆水中正磷酸盐有明显的吸收作用.     

Amendment of Copper Toxicity in Alluvial Soil Using Iron: Effect on Growth and Yield of Triticum aestivum L.

Pot experiments were conducted in glasshouse under controlled conditions. The effect of copper in alluvial soil on the growth and yield of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) was worked out. Copper was applied in soil at 5–100 mg L^?1, along with iron supplement. Inhibitory response of copper was significant (p < 0.05) confirmed by the plant growth parameters viz., plant height, fresh and dry weight, moisture content, pigment contents, protein, sugar contents followed by increased catalase and peroxidase activity in the harvest at 30, 60, and 90 days, of treatment, respectively. The plants grown on copper treated soil along with 5 mg L^?1 Cu and iron application showed significant effects (p < 0.05) regarding the increase in plant biomass, plant height (shoot only), pigment contents, protein, sugar contents, grain yield followed by decreased catalase and peroxidase activity in wheat after 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment, respectively. The accumulation of metal in plant tissues was found in order of Fe > Cu coupled by less translocation in grain as compared to the whole plant.     

外源钙对菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)汞胁迫的影响效应

以组织培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了外源Ca(NO₃)₂的添加对汞(Hg)胁迫下菹草体内Hg积累、矿质元素、光合色素、活性氧、丙二醛(MDA)、维生素C(V_C)、维生素E(V_E)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及多胺(PAs)代谢产生的影响效应机制.结果表明:(1)Hg胁迫下,菹草体内Hg大量积累,达165.79μg/g(FW),并伴随矿质元素P、K、Fe、Mg和Na含量的明显降低.外源Ca(NO₃)₂的添加很大程度上可抑制菹草体内Hg积累,使其降至110.15μg/g(FW),并减轻Hg胁迫所造成的元素失衡;(2)Hg胁迫使菹草体内光合色素含量及叶绿素a/b值大幅降低,并诱导积累大量超氧阴离子、过氧化氢及MDA,同时V_C、V_E和GSH含量显著提升.外源Ca(NO₃)₂的添加则减缓了菹草体内光合色素的分解,降低活性氧水平,减轻了膜脂过氧化程度,更使V_C、V_E及GSH含量在一定程度上恢复到正常水平;(3)Hg胁迫下,伴随着多胺氧化酶、二胺氧化酶和精氨酸脱羧酶活性的显著提升以及鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的降低,导致菹草体内腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)含量明显降低,亚精胺(Spd)含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值轻微增加.而外源Ca(NO₃)₂添加后,菹草通过调节体内PAs代谢酶活性,改变了Hg胁迫下PAs含量变化,主要表现为Put、Spm含量回升显著,游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值进一步升高.综上所述,外源Ca的添加可抑制Hg的吸收并参与调节多胺代谢,通过内源多胺含量的改变抑制了植物体内活性氧的积累、膜脂过氧化、光合色素及抗氧化物质的分解,增强菹草无菌苗对重金属Hg的耐受力,对减轻植物Hg胁迫有重要作用.     

外源鸟氨酸对菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)抗镉胁迫能力的影响

本文以组织培养技术培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了2 mmol/L外源鸟氨酸(L-Orn)对40μmol/L镉(Cd)胁迫下菹草体内Cd含量、光合色素水平、超氧阴离子(O·-2)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)与可溶性蛋白含量以及脯氨酸和多胺代谢的影响.结果显示:(1)在单一Cd胁迫下,菹草体内的Cd大量积累,达到335.00μg/g,并诱导了明显的氧化胁迫,具体表现为O·-2产生速率以及H2O2和MDA含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白以及光合色素含量明显下降.外源L-Orn的添加很大程度上抑制了菹草体内Cd的积累,Cd含量降至232.50μg/g,并降低了活性氧(ROS)水平,减轻了膜脂过氧化程度,减缓了光合色素和可溶性蛋白的分解.(2)在单一Cd胁迫下,伴随着吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性的增加和脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性的下降,菹草体内的脯氨酸含量轻微增加,仅为对照组的1.91倍,而外源L-Orn显著增强了P5CS和δ-鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)的活性,使脯氨酸含量大幅度升高,为对照组的8.36倍.(3)单一Cd胁迫分别通过激活精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性,使腐胺(Put)的含量增加,亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量减少.而施用外源L-Orn后,ADC和ODC的活性进一步增强,Put的含量大幅增加,并促进Put向Spd和Spm的转化,同时PAO的活性下降,使Spd和Spm含量增加,从而使总多胺含量增加.由此可见,外施L-Orn可通过抑制Cd的进入和参与调节脯氨酸以及多胺代谢,抑制ROS的积累、膜脂过氧化、光合色素以及蛋白质的分解,一定程度上增强菹草对Cd胁迫的抗性.     

钙离子添加对沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)富集水体磷的影响

沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀,从而将水体中的磷永久性去除,避免植物腐烂后的二次污染但不同的沉水植物种类形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力不同本文以沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L)为实验对象,研究水体中添加钙离子(0、100 mg/L)对水体磷(磷浓度:0、0.2、2 mg/L)的去除和植物富集磷的差异,并通过植物灰分磷的组分分析,聚焦植物钙磷的变化,为生态修复中沉水植物的选择提供理论依据结果表明:(1)菹草和金鱼藻体系中总磷(TP)和溶解性反应磷(SRP)浓度显著下降,添加钙离子使降幅升高,且菹草体系中水体TP和SRP降幅均高于金鱼藻TP和SRP降幅;(2)菹草的干重全磷在高磷低钙(2-0)水平最高,灰分总磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,而金鱼藻干重全磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,灰分总磷在中等磷低钙(0.2-0)水平最高;(3)在2 mg/L的磷浓度下,添加钙离子使菹草的钙磷(HCl-P)和水溶性磷(H_2O-P)含量升高,有机磷(NaOH-P)含量降低,结果使灰分总磷含量升高,而金鱼藻NaOH-P升高,HCl-P和H_2O-P含量均降低,结果使灰分总磷降低这表明菹草通过提高吸附性磷和钙磷含量增强磷的富集,而金鱼藻则只显著升高了灰分中有机磷的含量显然,水体富营养化背景下,相较于金鱼藻,菹草具有更强的形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力,具备竞争优势.     

Spatial-temporal variation in soil respiration and its controlling factors in three steppes of Stipa L. in Inner Mongolia, China

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China. It is of great significance to measure accurately the soil respiration of different grassland types for the contribution evaluation of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon emission to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. A three-year (2005-2007) field experiment was carried out on three steppes of Stipa L. in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, using a static opaque chamber technique. The seasonal and interannual variations of soil respiration rates were analyzed, and the annual total soil respiration of the three steppes was estimated. The numerical models between soil respiration and water-heat factors were established respectively. Similar seasonal dynamic and high annual and interannual variations of soil respiration were found in all of the three steppes. In the growing season, the fluctuation of soil respiration was particularly evident. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for soil respiration in different growing seasons ranged from 54% to 93%, and the annual CVs were all above 115%. The interannual CV of soil respiration progressively decreased in the order of Stipa grandis (S. grandis) steppe Stipa baicalensis (S. baicalensis) steppe Stipa krylovii (S. krylovii) steppe. The annual total soil respiration for the S. baicalensis steppe was 223.62?299.24 gC m-2 a-1, 150.62-226.99 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. grandis steppe, and 111.31–131.55 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. krylovii steppe, which were consistent with the precipitation gradient. The variation in the best fitting temperature factor explained the 63.5%, 73.0%, and 73.2% change in soil respiration in the three steppes at an annual time scale, and the corresponding Q10 values were 2.16, 2.98, and 2.40, respectively. Moreover, the Q10 values that were calculated by soil temperature at different depths all expressed a 10 cm 5 cm surface in the three sampling sites. In the growing season, the soil respiration rates were related mostly to the surface soil moisture, and the 95.2%, 97.4%, and 93.2% variations in soil respiration in the three steppes were explained by the change in soil moisture at a depth of 0-10 cm, respectively.     

改进的1范数匹配滤波法及在南海深水盆地的应用

地震勘探中多次波的存在会影响速度模型的建立、地震成像效果、反演和解释过程中的介质属性提取等,因此多次波的压制成为至关重要的研究课题.本文采用改进的1范数匹配滤波法,基于1范数对大值条件的开放性,利用预测出的多次波模型Hilbert变换道及求导道,从理论上克服2范数的大值条件,并改善常规1范数下的正交性条件,在一次波和多次波叠合之处及能量差异大的情况下有效压制多次波.模型及南海深水盆地实际海洋地震数据的处理结果显示了改进的1范数匹配方法在压制多次波方面相对于常规2范数、1范数的优越性.     

镍胁迫对菹草(Potamoge toncrispus L.)活性氧及脯氨酸代谢的影响

本文以组织培养技术培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了不同浓度(0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 mmol/L)Ni2+胁迫对菹草过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子(O2.-)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量、抗氧化系统、脯氨酸代谢途径的影响.结果显示:(1)Ni2+胁迫影响了活性氧水平,主要表现为H2O2和O2.-的大量积累;MDA含量也随着Ni2+浓度的升高呈上升趋势;(2)随着Ni2+浓度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、非蛋白巯基(NP-SH)含量均表现为先升后降趋势;抗坏血酸(AsA)含量变化不明显;植物络合素(PCs)则表现为上升趋势;(3)脯氨酸代谢关键酶在Ni2+胁迫下表现为:鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)活性在0～0.10 mmol/L Ni2+胁迫下高于对照组;吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性在Ni2+大于0.10 mmol/L时,显著增加;脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性无显著变化;脯氨酸(Pro)含量则均显著高于对照组.以上结果表明,Ni2+胁迫提高了活性氧的水平,加重了膜脂过氧化的程度,干扰了抗氧化系统的内在平衡;此外,低浓度Ni2+胁迫下菹草脯氨酸积量主要依赖于鸟氨酸途径,而高浓度下则主要依靠谷氨酸途径.     

基于稀疏表达的OBS去噪方法

海底地震仪（OBS）采集数据的去噪处理是开展OBS震相分析及后续处理反演的基础.本文结合曲波（Curvelet）变换及压缩感知提出一种稀疏化表达的OBS去噪方法,并通过与小波变化对比等探讨去噪效果.曲波变换具有抛物尺度及识别线性异常的优点,可以稀疏地表示OBS数据,再结合压缩感知思想对稀疏表达OBS数据进行去噪处理和重构.通过对变换后的系数进行基于L₁范数的冷却阈值迭代滤波,获得最优的变换系数,本文指出基于曲波变换的冷却阈值迭代法能够很好地对OBS数据去噪.对比小波和曲波两种变换在相同迭代次数下对理论模型数据进行去噪处理,表明曲波变换得到的结果信噪比更高.利用本文方法对渤海地区采集的OBS数据进行去噪处理获得了更加清晰连续的震相,噪声压制效果更明显,为震相拾取及后续速度模型反演奠定了良好的基础.     

汞胁迫对菹草无菌苗生理代谢的影响

以菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)无菌苗为实验材料,研究其在不同浓度汞(Hg²⁺)的胁迫下,光合色素含量、叶绿体自发荧光强度、ATP酶活性及相关矿质营养元素(Ca、Mg、Na、K、Fe)的含量变化以及可溶性蛋白含量的变化,以探讨Hg²⁺胁迫对菹草无菌苗光合系统及相关生理指标变化的影响.研究表明:随着Hg²⁺浓度的增加,各种光合色素的含量均呈现下降的趋势,叶绿体自发荧光强度逐渐减弱;Na/K逐渐增大,Na⁺ K⁺-ATP酶活性逐渐降低,Ca²⁺ Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性呈先升后降趋势;可溶性蛋白含量先升后降.结果表明,菹草无菌苗在Hg²⁺胁迫下,光合及其它正常的生理过程遭到破坏,功能紊乱.     

铜胁迫对菹草无菌苗多胺及活性氧代谢的影响

本文研究了不同浓度Cu2+(0、1、2、4、8、12μmol/L)对菹草无菌苗多胺(PAs)及活性氧代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Cu2+处理浓度的升高:(1)菹草无菌苗植株的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则表现为先升后降;(2)超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率逐渐增大,过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)有所积累,可溶性蛋白含量降低;(3)游离态多胺含量与多胺总含量的变化一致,均表现为腐胺(Put)含量先升后降,亚精胺(Spd)含量逐渐降低,精胺(Spm)含量逐渐上升;游离态多胺(Spd+Spm)/Put的比值在高浓度Cu2+胁迫时迅速上升;结合态Put和Spm的含量变化与游离态的变化一致,而结合态Spd的含量与对照相比均略有上升;束缚态Put和Spd含量先升后降,而Spm含量则逐渐降低;(4)精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性均表现为先升后降,而鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性变化不明显.可见,Cu2+对菹草无菌苗造成了明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化酶活性的升高,Spm含量的升高,Put向Spd和Spm的转化以及不同状态多胺之间的转化,在菹草无菌苗抵抗Cu2+胁迫过程中发挥着重要的作用.