关于粉煤灰混凝土的研究

合理掺加扮煤灰可有效改善砼工作性能和节约费用。研究了粉煤灰在砼中的作用,并对不同掺量砼进行了对比,结合其它资料从理论上对粉煤灰砼的性能进行了讨论。     

钢筋砼海洋采油平台的受力分析和配筋设计

由于钢筋砼采油平台结构的复杂性,目前国内的设计者大部分仍按线弹性力学计算结构的内力,再按强度极限状态配置钢筋.但由于砼材料具有明显的非线性性质,且在较低的拉应力作用下就会出现裂缝.以至引起应力重分布,所以上述简化的内力分析方法对于低应力状态下的钢筋砼结构是合理的,而对高应力状态,特别是对研究强度极限状态是不合理的,必须采用非线性有限元分析方法来分析结构的应力状态,为配筋设计提供可靠的依据,并据此进行配筋设计.     

裂缝暂堵转向重复压裂技术

针对中原油田以往的压裂工艺中单纯采用延伸原有裂缝的常规重复压裂,裂缝所控制的泄油区内的原油采出程度高,但泄油区外的大量剩余油动用程度较低的特点,研制了应用化学暂堵控制剂使流体在地层中发生转向,压裂液进入高应力区或新裂缝层,促使新缝的产生和支撑剂的铺置变化。通过11井次现场应用,累计增油7 162 t。转向压裂技术作为低渗油藏一项重点的配套工艺,更进一步改善了油田的整体开发效果。     

暴露80年的砼防波堤的现状及使用年限评估

建于本世纪初的吴淞导堤,经数十年的使用,现拟加固,以适应近期上海运输的需要。安放在导堤上的砼方块已经历80a 的天然暴露,留存于堤上的有4516块,为尽量利用这些块体,需对其破坏情况作出检查。通过现场外观评定、钻取砼芯样、超声测量、砼核子密度仪检测及化学分析等手段,对其现在质地作了较系统的检查,并据此作了评估,提出了修复方案,可供修复设计及施工时参考。     

浙江省软土地基海塘的防浪特点研究

根据海塘塘前的波浪条件和台灾后海塘损坏程度,迎潮面的抗浪结构采用砼贴面护面板、埋石砼重力墙和异形块体等,塘顶为砼护面。当海塘越浪量在0.05m3 (m·s)以下时,背坡面采用干砌块石,大于此越浪量的海塘,背水面采用浆砌或灌砌保护。以上护面结构的稳定性经水槽模型验证及台灾的考验。     

松辽盆地南部海坨子油田特低渗透储层裂缝识别及预测模型

海坨子油田属于特低渗透裂缝性油藏,其开发实践表明:微裂缝为流体渗流的主要通道,能否准确描述储层中裂缝分布形态,直接关系到油藏开发效果。本文以钻井取心资料、成像测井资料及铸体薄片分析资料为基础,对海坨子油田储层中微裂缝的形成机理、形态及产状特征进行了研究,得到了裂缝描述的详细参数,并形成了一套适用于该类型油藏微裂缝系统描述及有效识别的方法。以此为基础,利用随机建模的方法,建立了海坨子油田海21-4试验区微裂缝的分布DFN模型,预测了裂缝的分布密度、分布方位及裂缝大小,为油藏数值模拟双重介质模型的建立提供了基础。     

墨西哥东南盆地白垩系裂缝综合研究——以M区块W构造为例

墨西哥东南盆地M区块W构造是区块的重点构造,W构造白垩系碳酸盐岩储层构造裂缝的发育程度决定了整个区块的勘探潜力。对周边已钻相似构造岩心和成像测井裂缝发育特征的统计表明,中白垩统地层有效裂缝最为发育,裂缝的走向主要为NW—SE向和NE—SW向。研究分析认为,裂缝的发育规律主要受到区域应力和岩性差异的控制,在此基础上建立了"盐底辟之上挤压背斜"裂缝发育模式。最终应用地层切片和曲率属性技术,预测了W构造白垩系裂缝的平面展布:裂缝集中发育在中白垩统,裂缝走向为NW—SE向,与周边钻井统计结果一致,证实了预测的可靠性。     

非稳定性混凝土裂缝的成因与处理

裂缝渗漏是引起混凝土破坏的原因之一,而非稳定性裂缝更以其不稳定的特性难于处理。本文从其危害性入手,分析了裂缝成因,介绍了一种针对非稳定性裂缝的堵漏施工方法。     

脆性岩石多裂缝干扰扩展机理研究

海洋中赋存有丰富的页岩油,由于这类储层岩性致密,需要采用体积压裂技术提高产能,而研究体积压裂过程中岩体内多个天然裂缝的扩展规律及其影响因素对于裂缝网络的形成至关重要。在水力压裂主裂缝壁面上及主裂缝两侧脆性岩体的水平切面上,当存在多条同轴天然裂缝时,影响天然裂缝起裂方向及起裂条件的因素较多。因此需要在线弹性断裂力学理论的基础上,运用最大周向拉应变及平面应变理论,建立受远场地应力作用及裂缝面受水压力作用下的理论模型。根据模拟结果,在主裂缝壁面上,随着垂向应力差异系数增加,天然裂缝最小起裂净压力减小,起裂角度增加,因此天然裂缝的扩展与垂向应力的大小有重要关系,垂向压力越小则越利于形成缝网。与有一定倾斜角度的裂缝相比,垂向天然裂缝容易破裂扩展。当天然裂缝的条数增加,天然裂缝的最小起裂净压力降低,有利于形成主裂缝壁面上的裂缝网络,达到体积压裂的效果。在主裂缝两侧岩体的水平切面上,天然裂缝与最小主应力方向的夹角越大,则对应破裂压力越小,且不需要较大的缝内压力（小于最小主应力）即可破裂。存在多条裂缝时,目标裂缝张性破裂的缝内压力均降低。上述模型及应用模拟揭示了脆性岩石在水力压裂过程中,主裂缝壁面岩体...     

非稳定性砼裂缝的处理

裂缝渗漏是引起钢筋混凝土破坏的原因之一,而非稳定性裂缝更因其不稳定性而难于处理。结合实例,介绍了一种针对非稳定性裂缝的堵漏施工方法。     

浅谈船闸大体积混凝土的裂缝产生的原因及控制措施

分析了理论和工程实践两方面引发大体积和大面积混凝土裂缝的原因,论述了大体积混凝土的温度变形和开裂问题,并从技术上提出了防止大体积混凝土开裂的应对措施,阐述了加强混凝土早期养护对防止混凝土温度裂缝出现的重要性。     

住宅现浇钢筋混凝土楼板裂缝成因及防治

在建筑工程中,现浇钢筋混凝土楼板出现裂缝的情况较多,这已成为影响住宅工程质量的一大通病。对其产生裂缝的原因进行了分析,并结合工程实际,就预防和综合治理提出了较全面的对策。     

Degradation and Mechanism of the Mechanics and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Slab in A Marine Environment

An experimental research was conducted to determine the corrosion and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete (RC) slab at different ages in a marine environment. Results show that the development of corrosion-induced cracks on a slab in a marine environment can be divided into three stages according to crack morphology at the bottom of the slab. In the first stage, cracks appear. In the second stage, cracks develop from the edges to the middle of the slab. In the third stage, longitudinal and transverse corrosion-induced cracks coexist. The corrosion ratio of reinforcements nonlinearly increases with the age, and the relationship between the corrosion ratio of the reinforcements and the corrosion-induced crack width of the concrete is established. The flexural capacity of the corroded RC slab nonlinearly decreases with the age, and the model for the bearing capacity factor of the corroded RC slab is established. The mid-span deflection of the corroded RC slab that corresponds to the yield of the reinforcements linearly increases with the increase in corrosion ratio. Finally, the mechanisms of corrosion morphology and the degradation of the mechanical properties of an RC slab in a marine environment are discussed on the basis of the basic theories of steel corrosion in concrete and concrete structure design.     

Analytical Crack Model for 2-D Reinforced Concrete Structures

A two-dimensional smeared crack model for reinforced concrete members is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the bond between concrete and reinforcement as the main factor influencing tension stiffening in cracked reinforced concrete. With the derived tangential stress-strain equations for concrete in the direction perpendicular to the cracks, the constitutive relationship for cracked reinforced concrete is established. Experimental specimens have been analyzed with the analytical model, and the analytical and experimental results are found to be in good agreement.     

钢筋混凝土连续箱梁桥裂缝分析

从设计和施工角度出发,结合5孔钢筋混凝土连续箱梁工程实例,通过理论计算分析与工程实际情况比较,讨论不同阶段引起桥梁裂缝的主要原因,并提出不同阶段控制裂缝应注意的问题。     

Analytical and experimental studies on installation of a suction caisson with tampered tip in clay

Concrete suction caissons have been successfully used as breakwaters or seawalls in recent years. The relative large wall thickness-to-diameter ratio of a concrete caisson can lead to the formation of a full soil heave plug that may cause difficulties in the installation of concrete caisson in clay. One way to overcome this limitation is to use a tampered tip for the caisson wall. An analytical method is proposed in this article to calculate the minimum suction pressure required to penetrate a caisson and the maximum allowable suction pressure that can be applied to avoid too much soil heave plug during the installation of the suction caisson. Four model tests were conducted in normally consolidated clay to study the installation process of a concrete suction caisson with tampered tip and to verify the proposed analytical method. The height of the soil heave plug in the caisson with a tampered tip is observed to be about half of that in the caisson with a flat tip.     

Analysis of Thermal Transfer of Reinforced Concrete Submarine Oil Tanks

-The temperature distributions obtained by different methods of analysis for solving thermal transfer of reinforced concrete (R. C.) submarine oil tanks (RCSOT), including flat wall method, cylinder wall method and finite element method, are compared with the experimental data of thermal transfer of RCSOT. The precision and scope of applicability of different methods are discussed. The principle for selecting analysis method for solving thermal transfer of RCSOT is given. The analytical and experimental temperature distributions show that the wall of RCSOT should consist of double walls and empty space between them should be filled with sand or other heat insulation materials to reduce the temperature difference of the wall and to prevent concrete from cracking.     

Prediction of Load Carrying Capacity of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beam

A novel method for prediction of the load carrying capacity of a corroded reinforced concrete beam (CRCB) is presented in the paper. Nine reinforced concrete beams, which had been working in an aggressive environment for more than 10 years, were tested in the laboratory. Comprehensive tests, including flexural test, strength test for corroded concrete and rusty rebar, and pullout test for bond strength between concrete and rebar, were condueted. The flexural test results of CRCBs reveal that the distribution of surface cracks on the beams shows a fractal behavior. The relationship between the fractal dimensions and mechanical properties of CRCBs is then studied. A prediction model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is established by the use of the fractal dimension as the corrosion index, together with the basic intbrmation of the beam. The validity of the prediction model is demonstrated through the experimental data, and satisfactory resuits are achieved.     

The pressure impulse in a fluid saturated crack in a sea wall

When a wave breaks against a sea wall containing a crack, such as might exist within the blockwork, pressure pulses can travel through the fluid and propagate into the crack. This can cause high stresses to act on the sides and roof of the crack and may even cause the constituent blocks to move. The Pressure Impulse, P, is used to model the effect of wave impact against a wall in which there is a fluid filled crack. A two-dimensional field equation is derived for P that is applicable in plane cracks of non-uniform, narrow width. This is solved for several geometries relating to cracks between constituent blocks of sea walls, in order to compare the impulsive forces with the gravitational force on a block. It is shown that a large block can be lifted due to the impulse exerted by the fluid in a crack beneath it.     

关于裂纹柱壳韧性断裂的研究

本文基于实验结果,利用壳单元有限元方法,对周向壁穿裂纹圆柱壳在不同初始裂纹长度条件下的弯曲韧性断裂进行了模拟,计算了裂纹尖端张开位移（ＣＴＯＤ）的裂纹起裂临界值以及裂纹连续扩展条件下裂纹尖端张开角度（ＣＴＯＡ）Ｒ曲线,考察了这些断裂参数作为材料特性的适用性。