Including coastal resource users in fisheries management evaluation of San Miguel Bay, Philippines

This paper examines an approach that integrates the judgment and perceptions of coastal resource users in prioritizing the criteria and indicators for fisheries management impact evaluation. Five criteria with corresponding indicators were identified and selected namely, acceptability, biotic diversity, economic performance, enforceability, and equity. The weights of importance of criteria and indicators were determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process applied in a case study with 23 resource user groups (categorized as fishers, local government unit, non-government organization, private sector and women) in San Miguel Bay, Philippines.The results of this study revealed that overall, acceptability is the most important criterion in evaluating the impacts of fisheries management strategy in San Miguel Bay, especially for the local government units and fishers groups. The best measure of acceptability criterion are the indicators resource users participation in fisheries management process, level of awareness of resource users in fisheries resource management and number of fishers who belong to an organization. Ten groups have consistency ratios between 0.0 and 0.08 which are within the acceptable level of 0.10. Conversely, most groups (78%) have consistency ratios less than 0.26. Also, the results of the preference analysis are remarkable because among the representative groups, most fishers groups exhibited consistencies in their judgments (average consistency ratios of 0.06-0.08). Economic performance indicators were consistently judged across groups indicating that individuals present higher convergence of views toward economic objective.     

Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS

The coastal ecosystem health assessment is a field of increasing importance. In this paper, a preliminary assessment of ecosystem health in Zhejiang coastal water zone was made, mainly based on remote sensing data and GIS technique. Its spatial and quantitative evaluation was facilitated by the progress of remote sensing and GIS technique development. Firstly, human activities, hydrology and ecosystem problems in the study area were discussed and analyzed. Secondly, from 4 aspects of human stress, physical, chemical and biological responses to anthropogenic activities and natural stress, several indicators such as water transparency (Secchi Disk Depth, SDD), suspended substance concentration, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, chlorophyll, harmful algae bloom, as well as distribution of sewage, sea lanes and port were employed. Thirdly, the Analytic Hierarchical Process was used for indicator weight calculation, and the ecosystem health criteria were established according to the integrative analysis of national water quality criteria, similar coastal ecosystem health research in other places or data inherent properties. The results indicated that from 2005 to 2007 the coastal water ecosystem health value in Zhejiang Province was unhealthy and needs ecological restoration by human intervention.     

Appraisal and evolution of the littoral ‘sediment cell’ concept in applied coastal management: Experiences from England and Wales

This paper reviews the historic approach to coastal management and the reasons behind the introduction of the littoral ‘sediment cell’ concept to shoreline management planning in England and Wales. It then reviews the strengths and limitations of the approach and makes practical recommendations on how the approach can be further improved to ensure that a robust methodology exists for assessing coastal evolution; thereby providing a foundation for enabling sustainable future management decisions. Such decisions can relate to both the selection of shoreline management practices, and the identification of appropriate land use planning and development control responses. Both of these items need to take account of natural coastal processes and the interactions that occur within coastal systems at various temporal and spatial scales.     

近30年来江苏海岸带土地利用/覆被变化研究

海岸带土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)研究可用于量化反应环境变化和人类活动的影响,为海岸带开发与利用提供决策参考依据。以江苏海岸带为研究对象,选取1978~2007年5期Landsat MSS/TM影像作为数据源,建立遥感分类系统,采用分层分类监督分类方法获取研究区5期序列LUCC数据,进而计算分析江苏海岸带近30年的土地利用/覆被变化的结构演变,系统研究了近30年来的LUCC的变化数量以及变化速率。研究结果表明:(1)从土地利用结构上看,近30年来,江苏海岸带土地利用类型以耕地、城镇建设用地、农村建设用地为主,虽然耕地占比近年来有所减少,但是仍然高达70%以上;(2)从土地利用变化来看,江苏海岸带土地利用变化最为显著的是城镇建设用地,无论是变化数量和变化速率都非常显著,同时大量沿海新围垦土地多为建设用地。     

海岸带开发的可持续性探讨

以海带为研究对象,探讨了影响岸带环境系统可持续性的相关因素,在将人类社会经济活动纳入统一的海岸带生态系统范范畴的前提下,提出了海岸带开发的可持续性判定因子。指出,实现海岸带的可持续发展,必须树立新的社会经济－生态环境观,以海岸带社会,经济,环境的协调发展为基础理念,实施一体化管理,依赖科技进步,确保环境资源的消耗与补给达到动态平衡,通过动态规划和及时的反馈调整,最终走出持续发展之路。     

Validating RAPFISH sustainability indicators: Focus on multi-disciplinary aspects of Indian marine fisheries

In determining the importance of fisheries sustainability indicators, stakeholders’ interest plays a defining role in the fisheries management practices. The indicator based tools such as RAPFISH have been available for sustainability assessment of fishery resources. In the present study, procedures to validate the pre-selected RAPFISH, which is a multidisciplinary indicator based evaluation tool for measuring the sustainability of fishery resources, are applied. The sustainability indicators were subjected to validation process based on feedback from resource owners, users and experts, using Multi-Criteria Analyses such as Weighted Sum Model and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Based on the validation results, suggestions have been made to improve methodology and its effective application in practice. This paper demonstrates RAPFISH as a potentially effective multidisciplinary tool for evaluation of sustainability of fishery resources.     

基于自然资源统一管理的广东省海岸带生态修复

为促进广东省生态文明建设和经济可持续发展,文章以自然资源统一管理为视角,遵循陆海统筹的理念,分析广东省海岸带生态修复的现状、挑战、重点关注的关系以及发展路径。研究结果表明:广东省加大对海岸带生态修复的投入,开展海岸整治修复等一系列生态修复项目,在海水质量、管理机制和人居环境等方面取得初步成效,但仍在统筹规划、管理衔接、技术研究和投入保障等方面存在不足;海岸带生态修复应重点关注并处理好4个关系,即陆地和海洋、修复和保护、修复和发展以及属地和联动的关系;在此基础上,应通过统一规划、机制保障和共同参与,进一步优化海岸带生态修复效果。     

Basic Criteria for Comprehensive Classification of Russia’s Azov–Black Sea Coasts

Constant seacoast changes represent a natural process for coastal geosystems; moreover, the extent of technogenically transformed coasts is constantly growing. It is impossible to create coastal economic development and conservation plans without understanding how environmental conditions and technogenic transformation affect coastal geosystems. Successful integrated use of the seacoast requires reliable information on the magnitude of observed and projected changes, the admissibility of anthropogenic changes to the coast, and adaption of economic activity to such possible changes. The paper discusses the basic principles for comprehensively assessing Russian coastal areas. A system of criteria is proposed to qualitatively assess the economic and environmental importance of individual coastal areas and their resistance to possible changes. These criteria are tested in some areas of Russia’s Azov–Black Sea coast. A preliminary assessment has shown that accumulative shores are the most dynamic and prone to natural hazards.     

基于陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价方法探讨

海洋、海岸带蕴含的资源丰富,与人类生存发展息息相关。近年来,随着海洋经济的迅速增长,自然岸线和滨海湿地面积减少、生物多样性降低、典型生态系统受损、近岸海域灾害频发、渔业资源减少等问题日益显现。如何从战略高度提升海洋经济,开发和保护并举,确保海岸带、海洋资源取用合理是新时代的重要课题。陆地和海洋是生态系统不可分割的组成部分,开展陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价是衡量区域经济发展与生态环境是否协调可持续发展的有效途径。文章系统地梳理了承载力概念的发展历程,对比了常用的海洋资源环境承载力评价方法,初步构建了陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提出使用熵值法来确定指标权重,采用状态空间评价模型或TOPSIS模型进行承载力综合评价,可以体现陆地和海洋相互影响、相互制约的关系,并具有较强的可操作性,评价结果可以反映区域资源环境承载力的空间差异或随时间变化情况,能够为海洋和海岸带保护利用提供有效借鉴。     

Integrated and interdisciplinary scientific approach to coastal management

Coastal zones and beach management practices, regulatory decisions, and land use planning activities along coastal zones have historically been made with insufficient information concerning the dynamic coastal environment. In this study we address and integrate an interdisciplinary scientific approach to Coastal Management in a scenario where lack of this information has resulted in the alteration of the natural dune system of the beach of Cala Millor (Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain), and also in the perception of the beach retreat and in a parallel way, a risk for the tourism resources. In this work the detailed studies on beach morphodynamics have been developed as a basis for integrating proper beach management, beach natural dynamics and local users and economic agent interests. From this point of view a set of solutions are considered as the basis for a management policy that links beach science and beach use as a tourism resort resource.     

Integrated ocean management and the collaborative planning process: the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

In its capacity to lead and facilitate the development and implementation of integrated management plans under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada is working with a range of stakeholders through a collaborative process—the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative—to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf off Nova Scotia. Stakeholders include federal and provincial departments, aboriginal communities, municipal and local planning authorities, ocean industry and resource use sectors, coastal communities, environmental interest groups, and university researchers. This large ocean management area possesses important living and non-living marine resources, high biological productivity and diversity, and increasing levels of multiple use and competition for ocean space and resources. The ESSIM vision is to achieve environmental, economic, social/community, and institutional sustainability in the eastern Scotian Shelf.The ESSIM Initiative is building a collaborative planning process that involves all interested and affected parties. Ongoing information sharing and dialogue with stakeholder groups is providing capacity building and important input to current proposals for a collaborative planning structure and the ocean management plan. A joint federal-provincial working group has been established to move the Initiative forward within government and to address policy and regulatory coordination for ocean management. The future ocean management plan will include a balanced set of environmental, social, economic and institutional objectives, indicators and management strategies, as well as spatial and temporal planning approaches to address multiple ocean use.This article provides an overview of the ESSIM Initiative, including an assessment of ocean use, ecosystem understanding, and ocean management and planning requirements. The design of a collaborative management and planning structure and process will be discussed, as well as the key elements of the future integrated ocean management plan.     

Learning to learn: Designing monitoring plans in the Pacific Islands International Waters Project

Project monitoring is now a standard requirement in natural resource management programs, bringing opportunities for greater accountability, adaptive management and social learning. While considerable effort has gone into designing appropriate monitoring frameworks and indicators for marine and coastal management, there has been less sharing of the mechanics of approaches that maximise collaboration and learning by multiple stakeholders. This paper outlines the project monitoring approach developed in the Pacific Islands International Waters Project (IWP), a project funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) involving 14 Pacific Island Countries. We find that a monitoring approach based on indicators to assess supportive processes, behavioural change and human–environmental conditions is useful for monitoring the long- and short-term impacts associated with integrated coastal management programs. Giving project staff the lead in indicator development has supported more strategic project planning and improved the relevance and value of the indicators developed. However, successful implementation of monitoring programs calls for ongoing collaboration, technical support and capacity building amongst key stakeholders.     

海岸带土地利用变化多情景模拟——以山东海岸带为例

海岸带土地利用长时间序列多情景模拟,对海岸带综合管理和可持续发展有重要指导意义.以山东海岸带为例,构建山东海岸带土地利用需求系统动力学(SD)模型,设置SSP1-RCP2.6(A-可持续发展路径)、SSP2-RCP4.5(B-经济社会适中发展路径)、SSP3-RCP4.5(C-逆全球化的区域竞争路径)三种情景,模拟至2...     

实现省级主体功能分区陆海统筹:问题与对策

主体功能区规划是我国正在施行的一项战略性空间规划制度,陆海统筹是其重要的规划原则,然而在陆域和海洋规划由不同部门主导、分别编制的工作思路下,陆海统筹难以得到切实保障。文章剖析了沿海地区陆域和海洋主体功能分区不协调的现实困境,以山东省主体功能区规划为例,从陆域和海洋主体功能分区不协调、规划保障措施不对接两方面分析了规划单元陆海分区无法衔接的原因,并提出了统筹沿海地区主体功能区划分、发挥海岸带规划的陆海统筹作用和推进陆海统筹的规划保障措施实施等对策建议,以期为我国国土空间规划工作中主体功能分区提供借鉴,促进沿海地区的人口、经济、资源环境与国土空间开发利用保护的充分协调。     

Monitoring the state of the Solent

The development of the State of the Solent report and establishment of a set of coastal and marine indicators to measure the ‘health’ of the Solent was one of the original Flagship Projects developed when the Solent Forum was established in 1992. It was recognised that integrated coastal zone management requires robust indicators of sustainability that gauge the ‘health’ of the coast in relation to environmental, economic and social activity. The indicators selected for the Solent were, as far as possible, nested within established indicator sets that had been developed at the national and European levels. In developing the coastal sustainability indicators for the Solent and publishing the State of the Solent reports, a number of lessons were learned related to data compilation and the benefits of a participatory process to develop the indicators.     

山东省海洋空间开发保护现状、问题及对策

海洋是国民经济发展和社会进步的重要空间载体,海洋国土空间开发与保护对于实现可持续的经济增长、改善全球气候环境和提升人民生活福祉具有重大战略意义。山东省海域使用类型基本齐全,但开发利用结构规模不均衡,渔业用海比重较大,不合理的开发利用给海岸带和近海生态环境带来巨大威胁,严重制约了海洋经济的健康发展。文章根据山东省海域使用调查数据,综合分析了山东省海洋空间使用现状的特点以及存在的自然岸线保有压力增大、海洋空间开发利用科学性不足、近岸海域生态系统及服务功能受损较重、海洋污染造成的环境风险不容忽视、现代海洋产业体系不够完善、陆海统筹机制不健全等主要问题,在此基础上,从海洋空间资源、陆海统筹污染防治体系、现代海洋产业体系等角度提出了优化山东省海洋国土空间开发保护的相关对策建议。     

海平面上升背景下的海岸带脆弱性评价——以东营市为例

海平面上升是全球海岸带区域面临的共同威胁。构建以地面高程、地面沉降速率、沟壑密度、地表坡度、人口密度、国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product,GDP）密度、建筑密度和斑块密度为指标的脆弱性评价体系,利用层次分析（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）法并采用海岸带脆弱性指数模型评价了海平面上升引起的山东东营市海岸带脆弱性状况。研究结果表明：轻度脆弱区和中度脆弱区分别为2 134.79 km²和1 967.61 km²,在评价区域中占比较大,约占评价区域的33.09%和30.50%;其次为重度脆弱区和低度脆弱区,面积分别为1 061.18 km²和891.80 km²,分别占评价区域的16.45%和13.82%;极度脆弱区面积最小,为396.31 km²,仅占评价区域的6.14%。东营市的县区中,东营区几乎完全被极度脆弱区与重度脆弱区覆盖,受海平面上升威胁最严重;广饶县也拥有较多的重度和极度脆弱区;河口区内部脆弱程度东高西低;垦利区脆弱度总体相对较低;利津县是脆弱程度最低的县区,辖区内绝大部分区域为低度或轻度脆弱区,没有重度或者极度脆弱的区域。东营市各地区可参考评估结果,有针对性地采取应对措施并在未来的经济发展与城区规划过程中充分考虑脆弱性评估的结果,适度规划海岸防护工程,为城市的可持续发展提供技术保障。     

日本的海岸建设与城市设计

日本海岸线漫长曲折,沿海城市众多,在城市建设中,注重海岸利用与交通组织,注重自然环境与人文文化的结合,从城市管理、基础设施、建筑文化以及设计理念几个方面论述了日本滨海城市建设的经验教训,对我国滨海城市建设的土地利用、海岸的保护、规划和建设具有借鉴意义。