环境激励下海上风电结构模态参数识别

针对海上风电结构,研究了环境激励下海上风电结构的模态参数识别问题。采用了一种时域联合算法:自然激励法(Natural Excitation Technique,简称NExT)和多参考点复指数法(Polyreference Complex Exponential,简称PRCE)的结合(简称NExT/PRCE方法)对海上风电结构的模态参数进行识别。对某三脚架式海上风电结构进行数值模拟,考虑了风电结构的实际操作工况,对结构施加了随机波浪荷载和风机载荷。利用动力响应数据进行了环境激励下风电整体结构模态参数识别,采用了稳定图与模态置信准则进行了虚假模态的剔除,并分析了NExT中参考通道选取对于模态参数识别效果的影响。通过与有限元模型模态参数比较,验证了NExT/PRCE方法对于风电结构参数识别的有效性。     

基于模型修正的海洋平台结构损伤识别试验研究

损伤识别是海洋平台结构健康监测的核心问题,对于保障结构的安全服役具有重要的意义。文中将交叉模型交叉模态(CMCM)有限元模型修正方法应用到了导管架式海洋平台结构的损伤识别中。针对实测模态含噪声条件下该方法遇到的"病态"求解难题,引入了截断奇异值分解正则化方法,提出了基于正则化模型修正的损伤识别过程。为验证该过程的有效性,制做了某导管架平台的钢质缩尺简化模型,并在两个典型构件处设置了损伤;利用冲击激励对结构进行了振动测试;根据模态识别结果,采用正则化模型修正过程对各损伤工况进行了损伤识别。结果表明,利用有限的低阶含噪声模态,借助正则化求解技术,该模型修正方法可有效地识别导管架平台结构的损伤。     

导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构振型扩阶方法

提出1种适用于海上风力发电支撑结构的模态振型扩阶方法。该方法无需借助转换矩阵实现振型扩阶,而是依靠实测模态并通过修正有限元模型对应振型在未测试自由度的振型值而获得空间完备的模态振型,并且所发展的方法在一定程度上可以忽略有限元模型存在的建模误差,是1种直接的估算方法,计算效率相对较高。文中采用三桩导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构验证提出方法的正确性以及在低阶模态振型扩阶上的优越性。数值结果表明,该方法对传感器位置、数量依赖程度低,尤其对于海上风电结构,仅在结构的水深较浅部位布置少数传感器即可比较精确的实现低阶模态振型扩阶,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

基于实测数据的海上风电结构动力响应分析

地震是危害海上风电结构作业安全的重要环境因素,目前,国内尚未公开发表真实地震响应下,海上风电结构的实测动力响应数据。分析了某地震活动区海上风电结构的实测地震响应,采用随机子空间识别方法进行风机的模态识别,阐述了风机机舱偏航将引起前后、左右两个正交方向振动的耦合,并从理论上证明了利用耦合、解耦数据识别模态参数的差异。结果表明：1）耦合与解耦信号识别的频率、阻尼比完全相同,而耦合信号识别的模态振型与偏航角有关;2）地震作用会对结构产生巨大冲击;3）非地震作用下,风机塔筒前后、左右第一阶弯曲模态为主要模态,地震作用可以激发风机的高阶模态,使得塔筒中上部而不是顶部的振动响应最大。此分析对地震活动区海上风电结构的抗震设计具有一定的参考价值。     

浅海导管架平台结构损伤诊断试验研究

基于模型试验研究了浅海导管架平台的结构损伤诊断,采用标量型ARMA模型识别出结构的三阶模态参数,分别采用遗传算法和模态应变能法对试验模型不同模拟损伤工况进行了损伤诊断。基于遗传算法,提出了采用不同自由度一阶模态参数的损伤诊断方法。研究表明,由于海洋平台的前三阶模态分别为不同自由度的一阶模态,采用两阶或三阶模态识别损伤时,损伤杆件影响较小的自由度方向的模态参数对结构的损伤诊断将产生不利的影响,成为识别噪声。因此,可分别采用不同自由度的一阶模态进行结构损伤诊断。     

海洋平台简化模型与系统参数的试验修正

利用动柔度法来进行桩基导管架平台损伤部位诊断,需要有一个能真实地反映原始平台动力特性的模型作为比较的基准。一般可用设计过程中的有限元模型作基准,但由于材料、工艺等因素,其有限元刚度阵特别是接头刚度很难准确地确定,故需通过模态实验来修正计算模型。通常,实测模志均少于测量自由度数,更远小于有限元自由度数。为了使测点与有限元分析自由度相对应,本文提出一种计算方法,将结构分为主、次自由度,主自由度对应测试点,用凝聚得到简化模型,并对简化模型的特征解进行灵敏度分析,利用实验测得的模态来修正有限元值,从而得到一个能够正确地反映结构特性的较为精确的有限元计算模型,然后,利用广义动柔度法检测损伤位置,提出一种确定损伤位置的计算方法。在文中给出了二层框架的计算和实验结果以及修正参数和二层框架损伤位置的确定。结果表明,利用实验模态修正计算数学模型,该方法是一种可行的途径。     

气流喷射模拟海上浮式风电结构风机载荷实验技术初探

随着海上风电技术的快速发展,海上风电逐渐由浅海走向深海,海上风电基础结构型式将逐渐由固定式发展到漂浮式。在浮式风电结构的模型实验中,风机载荷的模拟是保证实验效果的重要因素。针对浮式风电结构模型实验中风机载荷的模拟问题,提出了一种新型的基于气流喷射、利用气流反作用力模拟风机载荷的实验方法并进行了初步验证。通过标定得到气流控制信号与反作用力的关系,将数值模拟得到的原型风机载荷时程转换为相应的控制信号,同时针对实验装置对气流变化的响应特性,对控制信号进行频域和时域修正,驱动气流喷射以模拟风机作用力和力矩。经过实验验证,载荷模拟装置产生的载荷在时域和频域上都能与模型实验所需风机载荷保持较好的一致性,证明该方法可行。     

海上风电伞式吸力锚基础结构优化设计及承载优势分析

海上风电基础是制约海上风电发展的一个重要因素,大力发展经济与效用兼备的新型基础刻不容缓。本文基于新型的海上风电伞式吸力锚基础(USAF)的已有结构,借助大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS构建出一系列不同尺寸的伞式吸力锚基础(USAF)有限元模型,并通过模态分析等动力分析得到最佳伞式吸力锚基础(USAF)结构尺寸,最后,将最佳伞式吸力锚基础(USAF)与常规单筒吸力锚基础在单一荷载下的极限承载力进行比较,证明了伞式吸力锚基础(USAF)具有良好的承载优势。     

基于锚杆体系的重力式海上风电基础结构受力特性分析

文章以某风电场项目为背景,应用预应力锚杆对传统重力式海上风电基础结构进行优化,组成一种基于锚杆体系的重力式海上风电基础型式。采用ABAQUS软件对锚杆重力式基础结构进行受力分析,研究在正常工况和极端工况两种荷载条件下,结构的位移、应力变化情况以及地基的破坏形式。结果表明,预应力锚杆结构能够有效减小重力式海上风电基础在正常和极端受力工况下的水平位移、转角和沉降量,同时改变地基的破坏形式,有效提升结构的整体稳定性,该结构可为今后重力式海上风电基础的应用优化发展提供一定的参考。     

波浪作用下海洋石油井架模态参数识别与承载力评价

提出基于试验模态参数识别和优化算法修改动力有限元模型的海洋石油井架安全承载能力评价方法.推导基于波浪脉动的试验模态参数识别公式,介绍有限元模型动力修正的一阶优化方法.以海洋随机波浪脉动作为激励,对勘探三号海洋石油井架进行了现场模态试验,识别出前二阶固有频率.以此作为有限元模型修正的基础,应用一阶搜索优化算法,对动力有限元模型进行了修正,结果表明:该修正模型比较准确反映了井架目前的结构状态,能够用于进一步的静、动力分析和安全承载能力评价.     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.