不同方法在栾川北部化探数据处理中的应用

不同的地质单元具有不同的地球化学背景,在分布有多个地质单元的地区开展化探工作时,如果不考虑地质单元的地球化学背景差异,而在全区采用统一的异常下限,势必会掩盖低背景区异常或造成全区大面积异常分布.针对这一问题,有多种相应的数据处理方法.在栾川北部地区1:5万水系沉积物测量数据处理中,分别采用了子区中位数衬值滤波法、衬度异常法、归一化法,对比认为:子区中位数衬值滤波法具有较好地削弱不同地质单元背景差异、识别弱小异常的作用,不足之处是计算和成图繁琐;衬度异常法和归一化法的计算模型近于一致,对弱小异常也有一定的识别作用.     

子区中位数衬值滤波法对弱、小异常识别的应用:以玉镇山林场锌异常提取为例

采用全区统一的异常下限来圈定异常,使得高背景区异常变大而较低背景区异常变小或变弱,甚至不能被发现;子区中位数衬值滤波法解决了这一问题,克服了全区统一异常下限给异常识别带来的困难。作者运用此方法在呼伦贝尔市玉镇山林场一带的1/5万水系沉积物测量的锌元素化探数据处理中,发现多个新的锌异常,显示出良好的应用效果。     

西昆仑地区水系沉积物地球化学异常识别

采用子区中位数衬值滤波法和异常下限衬值滤波法对西昆仑地区1∶20万水系沉积物测量数据进行处理,分别圈定了各元素的衬值异常,并在此基础上将两种方法所获衬值异常的叠合部分作为新的异常边界,重新圈定单元素异常和多元素组合异常。研究表明,该方法能更好地识别异常,根据异常区元素浓集特征并结合区域地质背景,认为区内Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sb、Sn、W具有较明显的成矿潜力与找矿前景,在找矿方面应重点寻找热液型铜多金属矿、热液型铅锌矿、热液型锑矿、花岗岩型钨锡矿、斑岩型铜矿以及岩金矿床。     

异常下限衬值滤波法在然乌幅化探数据处理中的应用

采用多元统计方法对藏东八宿地区然乌幅水系沉积物化探数据进行聚类分析和因子分析,选取了与热液成矿有关的4种元素组合类型,将研究区划分为20个地质子区,用EDA法分区计算出4种元素组合的异常下限,并用Surfer软件对异常下限进行滤波,绘制元素组合衬值异常图.结合该区构造断裂特征,对比了单元素衬值与多元素衬值的效果.结果表明,中温热液成矿元素银、铅、锌、镉等的异常分布于断裂带之间,低温热液成矿元素金、砷、汞、锑的异常则倾向于分布在断裂带中.通过铜衬值图与铜、钼、钨、铋组合衬值图的对比,发现基于多元统计分析的多元素组合衬值具有更有效的异常识别能力.     

基于熵—中位数子区滤波提取土壤氡气浓度异常——以甘肃省花海盆地为例

花海盆地位于甘肃省河西走廊盆地群西缘,深部矿产资源潜力尚不明朗。本文以土壤氡气浓度测量成果为基础,结合花海盆地构造背景及演化规律,分析了熵—中位数子区衬值滤波辨识的平面氡浓度异常特征。结果表明,研究区不同的大、小窗口(m,n)子区中位数衬值滤波正、负异常结果不同;滤波结果熵值变化范围为2.5～3.6,与大、小窗口比率k呈现"周期波动—下凹型"多项式变化。研究区最佳大、小窗口比率k范围为15～20,此时子区中位数衬值滤波熵值最小,滤波结果中显示研究区西部土壤氡气异常区域可信度最高,是本区后续勘探的有利区域。     

多背景下异常衬值法在地球化学异常信息提取中的应用——以黑龙江多宝山地区为例

大面积土壤地球化学测量中,通常不仅在不同地质单元下的地球化学背景存在差异(即多背景),不同图幅之间由于采样方法和样品处理分析方法的差异也使得化探数据存在系统偏差。笔者对黑龙江多宝山地区不同图幅化探数据调平后,按不同地质单元进行子区划分,将各子区土壤测量数据进行了归一化处理,即利用异常下限值计算不同子区各采样点元素的异常衬度,利用异常衬度值圈定土壤测量单元素异常,同时利用采样点元素的异常衬度,对其进行规格化处理,进行综合异常信息提取。地球化学异常图显示,该方法与常规的处理方法相比,既能有效缩小背景差异,又不因调平出现假异常。通过对遴选的综合异常进行异常查证,在后期的勘查中发现多处金矿体,证明了该方法提取异常信息的有效性。     

子区中位数衬值滤波法在地球化学异常识别中的应用

传统化探方法可能漏掉强度不大但可能致矿的异常,而子区中位数衬值滤波法可以有效地避免地质背景对异常圈定的影响,解决了低背景区和高背景区弱小异常的识别问题,消除了全区统一划分异常下限对化探异常识别的影响。采用该方法在江西某地区发现了多个新的化探铀异常区,并在其中的一些异常区内发现了铀矿点,显示出较好的应用效果。     

利用子区中位数衬值滤波法识别弱小异常——以内蒙古绰源地区1/5万水系沉积物测量为例

随着地表矿日趋减少,可供查证的"高、大、全"异常越来越少,找矿重点也由找地表露头矿向半隐伏矿、隐伏矿的方向转移.因此,弱小异常的识别就显得尤为重要.作者尝试地运用子区中位数衬值滤波法(SAMCF)对内蒙古绰源地区1/5万水系沉积物测量成果进行处理,通过与传统方法对比,发现此方法既可突出强异常及压抑背景噪音的影响,又可强...     

基于SAMCF法的攀西地区水系沉积物铂族元素异常提取

攀西地区是我国重要的铂族元素地球化学省,具良好的铂族元素(PGE)成矿地质条件;攀枝花-西昌一带有一个与峨眉山玄武岩分布范围基本吻合的Pt、Pd区域地球化学异常。本文根据不同地层单元水系沉积物中Pt、Pd元素地球化学特征,用子区中位数衬值滤波(SAMCF)法提取铂族元素异常,圈出多处Pt、Pd衬值异常区。结合有关铂族元素矿床地球化学特征,通过水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,初步优选出8个铂族元素异常找矿远景区和19个Ⅱ类异常区,为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿提供依据。     

攀西地区铂族元素地球化学异常分布及其筛选

攀西地区不同时代地层的水系沉积物中铂族元素地球化学背景值具有明显的规律性分布.笔者通过对该地区铂族元素含量在各地层中的分布以及地球化学异常的圈定、归并和分类,结合有关铂族矿床地球化学特征的认识,通过对水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,在铂族元素综合衬值异常图的基础上共划分出Ⅰ类异常4个、Ⅱ类异常19个、Ⅲ类异常23个以及Ⅳ类异常14个.初步筛选出的19个Ⅱ类异常子区可为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿工作提供依据.     

Inverse groundwater modelling in the Willunga Basin,South Australia

A new inverse technique for modelling groundwater flow, based on a functional minimization technique, has been used to calibrate a groundwater flow model of a subregion of the Port Willunga aquifer within the Willunga Basin in South Australia. The Willunga Basin is the location of extensive viticulture, irrigated primarily by groundwater, the levels and quality of which have declined significantly over the last 40 years. The new method is able to generate estimates of transmissivity, storativity and groundwater recharge over the whole subregion as a time-varying continuous surface; previous methods estimate local discrete parameter values at specific times. The new method has also been shown to produce accurate head values for the subregion and very good estimates of groundwater recharge. Its ultimate goal will be to provide a new and invaluable tool for significantly improved groundwater resource management. Supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants, DMS-0107492 and DMS-0079478.     

利用快速聚类分析分区确定化探背景上限的方法

区域化探原生背景与异常形成于相互独立的地质过程。在岩性复杂区,不同地质单元内背景与异常的成因可能完全不同,划定统一的背景上限显然是不科学的,合理的解决方案是分区确定化探背景上限。这里提出一种采用主要造岩元素为指标,采用快速聚类分析方法划分地质单元并分别计算背景上限的简便方法。以1:200 000郴县幅化探数据为例进行试验,结果表明,该方法能有效地去除不同地质体类型背景对异常的影响,不仅能突出矿区异常,也能削弱高背景区非矿致异常,缩小靶区面积,识别微弱异常。     

Identification of Self-Potential Anomalies of a Diffusion–Absorption Origin

Diffusion and adsorption (DA) potentials are frequently the sources of self-potential (SP) anomalies, but they do not arouse practical interest in contrast to anomalies of oxidation–reduction and filtration origins. DA anomalies are common and geophysicists sometimes mistakenly consider DA anomalies as examples of filtration anomalies. Identification of DA anomalies is based on correlation of SP and apparent resistivity values along the same profiles. During the student geophysical training workshop for students of the Moscow State University (Aleksandrovka village, Kaluga Region) we obtained profiles with SP and resistivity anomalies with good correlation between them. This makes it possible to consider such SP anomalies as a result of DA processes.     

EGMA系统及其应用效果——找矿靶区的定位预测

利用区域地球化学勘查数据,经过窗口滑动平均,计算出滑动窗口的衬值,通过衬值圈定单元素和多元素累加(累乘)异常;在窗口滑动平均值基础上勾绘单元素和多元素背景曲线图、累加(累乘)多元素衬值异常和背景曲线图,制作找矿靶区定位预测图。列述在新疆和秦巴某矿带的应用效果。     

判别解释法区分磁异常

判别解释法区分磁异常是利用磁性矿床和磁性岩体上的电磁异常特征和表征航磁与航电异常相互关系的相关系数作为特征参数,建立线性判别函数,按一定的运算规则将多变量变成一个新的单变量,并以它作为判别指标,对未知磁异常进行综合评价分类.通过对八个磁异常十三条测线的计算所得的判别值进行判别解释,表明了方法是有效的,能够客观、快速、正确地对磁异常进行综合评价分类.     

Gravity anomaly interpretation of 2D fault morphologies by means of nonplanar fault planes and exponential density contrast model: a space domain technique

Boundary faults associated with thick sedimentary basins are more often curved in cross section rather than planar. We develop a space domain-based automatic gravity inversion technique to quantify such listric fault sources from a set of observed gravity anomalies. The density contrast within the hanging wall of fault morphology is presumed to be known according to a prescribed exponential law. Furthermore, the fault plane is described by a polynomial function of arbitrary but specific degree, whose coefficients become the unknown parameters to be estimated from a set of observed gravity anomalies in addition to the thickness of the fault structure. Using a set of characteristic anomalies, the present inversion identifies approximate parameters pertaining to the origin of fault plane and depth to decollement horizon. Based on the errors between the observed and model gravity anomalies of the structure, the algorithm constructs and solves a system of normal equations to estimate the improvements in depth and coefficients of the polynomial in an iterative approach until one of the specified convergence criteria is fulfilled. The efficacy of the algorithm is shown with the analysis of gravity anomalies attributable to a synthetic model of a listric fault source in the presence of pseudorandom noise. Application of the proposed inversion technique on the observed gravity anomalies of the Ahri-Cherla master fault of the Godavari subbasin in India using the derived exponential density contrast model has yielded an interpretation that is consistent with the available/reported information.     

模糊综合评判在地球化学异常评价中的应用

对云南省元江中上游1:5万土壤测量所圈定的20个地球化学异常进行了模糊综合评判,其中甲类异常正确评判率为100%,其它几个综合评判值较大的异常经查证均发现了不同规模的矿床(点),为研究区异常的筛选和评价提供了一种较为可靠的方法.     

Multidimensional statistical technique for detection of low contrast geochemical anomalies

In this article we propose an advanced technique for detecting low contrast geochemical anomalies using a set of features. There are three principal elements in this technique: (1) a statistical measure of the contrast of the anomaly, denoted as τ; (2) selection of a background population; and (3) reduction of the dimensionality of the feature space. In the frame of the model, which describes the statistical distribution of geochemical background as a multidimensional normal distribution of logarithms of concentrations, the index, τ, is a powerful test statistic for the hypothesis of abnormality of an observation. Maps of τ anomalies can be rigorously interpreted on the basis of statistical inferences. Under all equal conditions this technique allows the detection of geochemical anomalies with at least the same contrast (if the chemical elements in a background population are correlated, then even the better) as using selective extractions of metals from soil or other techniques for data processing. The advantages of the proposed technique are demonstrated both theoretically and on examples of rare-metal and copper–nickel mineral deposits.     

Regional geochemical secondary negative anomalies and their significance

Research involving secondary negative anomalies and their application in regional stream sediment surveys has been scarce. Conventionally, negative anomalous threshold values have been calculated in the same way as positive anomalous threshold values. But the conventional methods all have drawbacks which hinder their application. In this paper, we have chosen to delineate negative (and/or positive) anomalies using contrast values in order to overcome the drawbacks.Regional stream sediment surveys at a scale of 1 : 200 000 have been carried out in western Jungger, Shanxi, Kunlun, northwestern Jiangxi, and other areas in China. The geochemical data were processed using System RESMA.On the basis of the distribution of negative and positive single-element anomalies, three possible arrangements may occur: (1) negative anomalies accompanied by positive anomalies; (2) only positive anomalies occurring with no negative anomaly nearby; (3) only negative anomalies, with no positive anomaly nearby. These situations reflect different geological settings and different mineral forming processes. Basically, two different distribution patterns of regional negative anomalies in relation to the backgrounds — low background (LB) and high background (HB) —may be observed in different geological environments: (1) regional negative anomalies are distributed only around the positive anomalies in the LB area; (2) regional negative anomalies can exist on the periphery of positive anomalies in both LB and HB areas.Two kinds of patterns for regional multi-element negative and positive anomalies reflecting different geological processes have been noted: (1) coincident positive anomalies for one group of elements and negative anomalies for another group of associated elements can be used to uniquely define ore deposition; (2) regional positive multi-element anomalies of some elements (including ore and associated elements) occurring over a deposit are accompanied by negative anomalies on the periphery of the deposits. Two regional models of negative and positive anomalies are established for Au and Cu deposits.Integration of multi-element positive and negative composited geochemical anomalies are much more useful than positive anomalies or positive composited anomalies to delineate regional structures.