大杨树盆地的构造特征及变形期次

大杨树盆地是叠置于大兴安岭造山带的东部,与松辽盆地紧邻,呈北北东向长条带状展布的中新生代断陷-坳陷型盆地。大杨树盆地经历了多期变形作用,具有以伸展构造为主、并被挤压构造和反转构造叠加的构造特征。早白垩世龙江期主要受到了NWW—SEE向的拉伸作用,形成一系列北北东向控陷犁式正断层组合,在控陷断层的上盘发育小型箕状断陷;早白垩世九峰山期,大杨树盆地受挤压作用控制,使早期形成的断陷盆地发生反转作用,形成正反转构造,同时在某些地段形成逆冲断层和断层传播褶皱;早白垩世甘河期,大杨树盆地再次受到伸展作用,形成了一系列北北东向小型断陷。早白垩世晚期(甘河期之后)—晚白垩世早期,大杨树盆地受到强烈的挤压作用,使早期控陷正断层出现正反转作用,在盆地的浅部形成大型断层传播褶皱,使大杨树盆地全面隆升遭受剥蚀。第四纪大杨树盆地具有伸展的特征,发育一系列小型伸展断陷。     

湘西沅麻盆地中新生代构造变形特征及区域地质背景

沅麻盆地是叠加在雪峰造山带中段的一个中生代大规模陆相盆地,盆地中新生代断裂、褶皱发育特征尚缺乏系统、深入的研究。本文通过构造剖面测制、野外路线调查并结合区域地质资料,对沅麻盆地中新生代构造格架、褶皱和断裂的发育特征、变形序列、时代及区域构造背景等进行了详细的分析研究,取得以下主要认识和进展。(1)NNE-NE向正断裂、逆断裂和平缓褶皱(主要为向斜)组成沅麻盆地的主体构造格架,同时发育其他多组不同方向、性质的褶皱和断裂。盆地西部和中部大部以正断裂为主,形成复杂的堑-垒构造格局,褶皱变形强度低;盆地东缘因区域怀化—沅陵断裂带控制而变形强烈,以多为东倾、少量西倾的逆断裂为主,常伴有倒转紧闭褶皱。(2)中三叠世以来沅麻盆地经历多期构造变形事件:1中三叠世晚期印支运动中受区域NW—NWW向挤压而形成NE—NNE向褶皱和逆断裂;2晚三叠世—早侏罗世期间受区域SN向挤压,形成EW向褶皱和膝折;3中侏罗世晚期早燕山运动中受区域NWW—近EW向挤压,形成盆地东缘上三叠统—中侏罗统卷入的SN向和NNE向褶皱和逆断裂;4早白垩世区域NW-SE向伸展作用下形成不同规模的NE—NNE向正断裂;5晚白垩世在区域SN向伸展体制下形成EW向正断裂;6古近纪中晚期受区域NE向挤压,形成卷入白垩系及先期地层的NW向褶皱、NW向逆断裂、NEE—NE向左行走滑(或兼逆冲)断裂、NNE向右行走滑断裂、NEE向与NNE向共轭剪节理等;7古近纪末—新近纪初在区域NW向挤压下,形成最新卷入地层为白垩系的NE向褶皱、NE-NNE向逆断裂、SN向逆断裂。上述多期变形中以早白垩世NW-SE伸展形成的正断裂和古近纪末—新近纪初NW-SE向挤压形成的褶皱和逆断裂最为重要,其次为中侏罗世晚期NWW—近EW向挤压下形成的褶皱和逆断裂。(3)前人提出的沅麻盆地东部及东侧外围地区发育的王炳坡、黄金坳、潭湾、麻阳等"飞来峰"构造并不存在,所谓"飞来峰"实为向下"生根"的断夹块,组成"飞来峰"的板溪群座立于古生界和中生界之中与逆冲断裂或正断裂活动有关。     

龙门山中段山前带构造变形历史与物理模拟

龙门山冲断构造带具有NE分带、EW分段的构造变形特征。龙门山构造带中段逆冲推覆带是以出露彭灌杂岩及其前缘发育飞来峰为典型特征,变形以倾向北西的紧闭倒转-同斜褶皱为主;推覆-滑覆带变形强烈,发育一系列叠瓦状逆冲断层及相关的褶皱,及一系列由泥盆系至下三叠统碳酸盐岩构成的飞来峰,地腹发育厚皮构造,以叠瓦冲断构造为主;而前陆坳陷变形较弱,地表主要为SE倾伏的单斜,地腹则发育断层相关褶皱。通过构造物理模拟认为:1)龙门山中段构造变形受力边界主应力与断裂走向间的锐夹角为70°;2)变形样式总体为双滑脱层所控制的分层滑脱垂向叠加构造组合;3)构造变形过程具有3个阶段,早期须家河组沉积之后产生的滑脱断层垂向叠加,中期在遂宁组沉积期间和晚期在蓬莱镇组沉积期间及其后,发生滑脱断层垂向叠加,且控制沉积。     

塔东地区构造变形特征及其分区

塔东地区有重要影响的边界断裂有辛格尔断裂带、雅尔当山断裂带、孔雀河断裂带、且末河断裂带和阿尔金。走滑断裂带，它们具有多期多类型构造变形叠加的特征．库鲁克塔格的褶皱变形包括韧性剪切褶皱和脆性褶皱2种类型：英吉苏凹陷北缘的构造变形以压扭性为主要特征，在罗布泊凹陷的北缘可以形成较典型的逆冲推覆构造，而且在推覆体前缘可以形成具有油气勘探价值的隐伏构造．塔东地区包括中央隆起东段的塔东低凸起、古城鼻隆、满加尔凹陷东部、英吉苏凹陷、孔雀河斜坡．     

安徽巢湖—滁州地区中生代构造变形特征

安徽巢湖—滁州地区位于张八岭冲断带的南东侧 ,中生代构造活动十分强烈。早印支期 ,区内以北东—北北东向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造变形为特征 ,形成区内主体构造格架 ,为下扬子构造带的组成部分 ;晚印支期以近南北向挤压作用为主 ,形成北西西—近东西向叠加褶皱构造。燕山期 ,受郯庐断裂构造活动的影响 ,区内断裂活动加剧 ,形成多期不同性质的脆性断裂及其所控制的沉积盆地 (拗陷 )。     

塔里木盆地塔中及周边地区下古生界构造样式与成因演化

文通过研究区深层主要变形带构造变形解析,确认塔东南下古生界构造基本轮廓形成于中奥陶世末,定型于奥陶纪末—志留纪,北部和西部分别有喜山期和海西晚期构造的叠加。以塔中Ⅰ构造带—塔中5-38井构造带、塘北—玉北构造带、塔中南缘构造带为界,研究区可分为4个构造样式不同的构造单元。单元边界的构造变形相对剧烈,以逆冲—走滑断裂带为主,单元内部构造变形相对较弱。自东南向盆地内部,构造变形由强变弱。东南边缘塘沽巴斯凹陷以弧形向西北展布的基底滑脱型逆冲构造为特征,变形最为剧烈。晚奥陶世以凹陷为主,奥陶纪末期志留纪褶皱隆起。北侧为塔中隆起,是一个断裂—褶皱复背斜,主体发育于中奥陶世晚期,缺失中奥陶统,且控制了上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积时期孤立台地沉积,于奥陶纪末—志留纪定型。构造带以基底卷入扭动挤压断裂—褶皱变形为主,总体受控于北缘断层,自西向东逆冲幅度增大,西部为南北对称复背斜,东部形成向北逆冲的构造带。塔中隆起西段自北向南由逆冲挤压向压扭性走滑构造转变。西部巴楚东段及塔西南东部以区域性的隆升为主,与塔中隆起相似,大面积缺失中奥陶统地层。北部顺托地区则以走滑断裂发育为主,断裂主要活动期为奥陶纪末—志留纪和海西晚期。构造变形组合显示,塔东南下古生界构造变形动力主要来自盆地东南部,是东昆仑与阿尔金洋渐进闭合、俯冲碰撞过程导致塔里木板块变形的产物。变形时序及研究区NE向断裂运动规律表明板块作用自中加里东至晚加里东持续压扭的过程。塔东南地区各单元构造样式与强度差异表明盆地盖层变形明显受到基底断块与内部寒武系膏泥岩分布的制约。其次,断裂的多期活动体现了后期构造的叠合改造的作用,顺托地区NE向断裂可能与海西晚期构造运动的延展有关。     

安徽巢北地区的中生代构造变形及其大地构造背景

安徽巢北地区位于晚中生代华北高原的东部、郯庐断裂东侧、苏鲁高压—超高压造山带南侧的扬子地块下扬子前陆褶断带北缘,其演化受这个大地构造背景制约,形成了“两向一背”叠加棋盘格式断裂的特征构造样式。这种明显的构造样式和一些隐式构造变形是多幕变形的结果。该区中生代经历了印支期三幕褶皱、三幕逆冲推覆变形。其中第一幕变形发育以下志留统高家边组为主要低角度逆掩拆离面（主拆离面或主滑脱面）和局部相关断展、断滑褶皱为主;第二幕变形才形成该区“两向一背”的褶皱格局和由北西向南东逆冲的叠瓦式逆冲断裂组合,第三幕变形主要为宽缓的北西西轴向的褶皱和近东西向逆冲断裂。至燕山中期又经历了一幕南北向褶皱叠加,燕山晚期的北西向正断层活动在该区表现为倾向北东的多米诺式正断层组合,区域上控制了上白垩统的沉积空间。区域对比表明,印支期变形与苏鲁—大别造山带的构造变形是一致的,说明其动力机制上的相关性,与高压—超高压岩石折返相关;燕山期变形动力与古太平洋板块向西的俯冲和中国东部逃逸构造相关。     

滇西德钦羊拉铜矿区构造变形特征及其控矿作用分析

通过对矿区构造变形特征的分析,将本区构造变形划分为海西、印支、燕山、喜马拉雅四个变形期,相应的变形表现为顺层的剪切褶皱、韧脆性层间滑动构造、脆性断裂与节理、推覆走滑构造。海西期喷流－沉积型铜矿床形成的构造背景为金沙江弧后裂陷盆地环境,印支期及其以后叠加控矿作用表现在平面上为“入”字型构造控矿,剖面上为多层层间滑动构造控矿。     

塔西南新生代前陆盆地东段盆山结构与冲断带变形特征

塔西南新生代前陆盆地受西昆仑山造山带南北向挤压和帕米尔弧形构造带向北突进的影响,导致盆山结构与盆地冲断带构造变形在平行造山带方向表现出明显差异。本文通过地震资料解释,系统研究了塔西南新生代前陆盆地东段盆山结构与冲断带的构造变形特征,认为塔西南新生代前陆盆地东段盆山结构表现为西昆仑造山带向北大规模冲断,盆地区挠曲沉降,前陆地区发育宽的褶皱冲断带,冲断带前锋已扩展至捷得背斜一线,褶皱冲断带与前渊坳陷存在大范围重叠。盆地东段的褶皱冲断带在纵向上可以分为基底卷入变形带、滑脱变形带。山前第一排变形带受多期构造叠加影响,产生横向变形的分异:西段柯东段早期为构造楔形体变形形成的背斜构造,后期被甫沙–克里阳右行走滑断裂改造,剖面呈现复杂的变形特征;东段克里阳段构造变形以早期的逆冲推覆为主。结合生长地层与磁性地层分析,冲断带的变形总体表现出前展式的构造变形特征,上新世阿图什组沉积期开始形成柯东构造带;随后变形向北传播,在上新世早中期形成柯克亚构造带;至早中更新世晚期,构造变形扩展至固满–合什塔格构造带。     

四川盆地元坝-通南巴地区关键构造期构造特征及陆相致密砂岩天然气成藏响应

中国多旋回叠合盆地陆相致密碎屑岩层系油气资源丰富,多期、多属性构造作用使其具有复杂而特殊的油气地质特征,四川盆地元坝-通南巴地区位于多旋回、多属性构造作用交接部位,是揭示叠合盆地内多期复杂构造作用与陆相致密碎屑岩油气成藏作用关系和油气富集规律的典型地区.基于地震资料、磷灰石裂变径迹年代学和成藏特征对比,厘定元坝-通南巴地区陆相层系存在燕山晚期（晚白垩世100~70 Ma）和喜山早期（始新世-渐新世40~25 Ma）两个关键构造期.陆相致密砂岩天然气富集主要受这两次关键构造作用的控制,燕山晚期形成NE向主体构造,是NE向弱变形区、NW-SN向过渡变形带（通南巴西部）和NW向密集变形带的关键成藏期,构造-成藏响应模式为早期成藏、陆源充注、背斜控藏、褶皱控缝.喜山早期形成NW向构造和局限在早期NE向构造之间的近SN向构造,是SN向过渡变形带和NW-SN向过渡变形带（元坝东部）的关键成藏期,也是NW-SN向过渡变形带（通南巴西部）和NW向密集变形带的关键改造期,构造-成藏响应模式为晚期成藏、海相混源、断裂控藏、断裂控缝.      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

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