车载激光扫描数据的高速道路自动提取方法

针对车载激光扫描技术存在数据量大、点云散乱、目标复杂以及地物相互遮挡等问题,该文提出一种从车载激光扫描数据中高速道路自动提取方法。①对激光点云进行基于扫描线的自适应滤波,剔除路面点。②对于滤波后激光点云数据,使用平滑度约束下的欧式聚类算法进行聚类。③对道路边界进行优化追踪,提取出完整的道路边界和道路面。实验结果表明,本文方法能够快速准确地提取高速公路道路边界和路面点云,提取结果的准确率、完整率和检测质量分别为97.52%、94.23%和92.69%。     

面向车载激光扫描点云快速分类的点云特征图像生成方法

车载激光扫描是空间数据快速获取的一种重要手段。车载激光扫描点云数据的分类和特征提取是目标识别与三维重建的基础。本文以车载激光点云数据为研究对象,提出了一种适合于其快速分类与目标提取的点云特征图像生成方法。该方法首先将扫描区域进行平面规则格网投影,通过分析格网内部点云的空间分布特征（平面距离、高程差异、点密集程度等）确定激光扫描点的定权,从而生成车载激光扫描点云的特征图像。利用生成的点云特征图像,可采用阈值分割、轮廓提取与跟踪等手段提取图像分割的建筑物目标的边界,从而确定边界内部点云数据,实现目标分类与提取。本文以Optech公司的车载激光扫描数据为实验对象,验证了本文提出方法的可行性和实用性。实验结果表明,该方法能快速有效分离出车载激光扫描点云中的地面数据、建筑物数据等。     

基于车载激光扫描的城市典型道路面点云提取

针对城市典型道路结构特征，提出一种车载道路面点云数据提取方法。根据高程阈值算法对原始车载激光扫描点云数据进行滤波处理，得到地面点，再使用改进区域生长算法对地面点进行处理，提取得到道路面点云。通过实测车载激光扫描数据进行实验，结果表明，本文提出方法提取道路面点云结果的检测质量q、完整性r以及准确性p均在93%以上，本文方法是行之有效的。     

车载激光彩色点云的道路标志线提取方法

以车载激光扫描点云数据为研究对象,提取了车载激光扫描系统获取的路面道路标志信息;利用点云数据的坐标、RGB、强度等属性信息,提出了一种适用于城区街道道路标志线的自动提取方法流程;提出了点云高差法、灰度差值法、强度差值法和动态网格密度法配合使用解决问题,实现了目标物的提取。通过SSW激光建模测量车扫描的多个路段的点云数据试验,道路标志线点云的提取成功率达到90%以上,达到了算法的预期目标,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

先验知识引导的车载激光扫描点云道路信息提取

文章研究利用先验知识从车载激光扫描点云数据中提取道路信息:使用改进的不规则三角网渐进加密滤波方法对点云滤波;将地面点投影到水平面上,利用行车轨迹提取道路主轴线;然后生成高程差分特征图像,以主轴线为基准进行平面生长获得道路面;并根据反射强度,进一步获得道路边界和道路标识线等信息.最后使用两景车载激光扫描点云数据验证了方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于车载激光点云数据的行道树提取方法

针对道路车载激光扫描点云数据中行道树与其他地物相互遮掩,存在杆状物分类困难的情况,本文提出了一种基于车载激光扫描数据的行道树自动提取方法。首先,构建格网并地形点云滤波,提取非地面点,从而提升后续算法的运算效率;其次,在非地面点的基础上构建空间体元进行邻域分析,提取树干点云,同时建立树冠分层点云投影面积理论,提取得到树冠点云;最后,使用改进分割算法进一步修正树冠点云归属,实现行道树的单体化。使用两组不同类型道路点云数据进行实验,结果显示本文算法提取行道树的平均提取完整率与正确提取率分别为90.73%、91.22%,较对比方法具有一定优势,为行道树的高效、快速、准确提取提供了新的思路。     

一种车载激光扫描点云中路面坑槽自动提取方法

以车载激光扫描点云数据为研究对象,提出一种剖面线自适应曲线拟合的坑槽自动提取方法。首先对点云进行地面滤波,获取地面点云;然后绘制路面连续剖面线,通过点云提取剖面线上网格节点的高程,并进行高程高斯平滑处理;之后对剖面线节点进行最小二乘曲线拟合,以符合角度约束的高曲率点作为候选坑槽边界点;最后对候选坑槽边界点进行聚类去噪优化,提取坑槽轮廓以及面积和深度信息。以车载移动测量系统获取的某段道路点云数据为例进行实验,实验结果表明,该方法能准确提取规则、不规则及凹陷形坑槽,提取结果与人工量测结果具有较高的一致性。     

车载激光扫描数据中实线型交通标线提取

本文提出一种基于路面点云强度增强的车载激光点云实线型交通标线提取方法。首先通过预处理提取路面点云,获取各激光点与轨迹线的距离。然后逐段对路面进行强度增强,集合多滤波器集成的策略进行强度变换和去噪,消除距离、点密度、磨损等因素对反射强度值影响,增强路面点云和标线的强度差异。基于增强后的反射强度,采用k均值聚类和连通分支聚类等方法对标线进行分割,并利用归一化图割方法优化强度分割结果。最后利用实线型标线的语义信息和空间分布特征从分割后标线对象中识别实线型交通标线。试验采用四份不同车载激光扫描系统获取的数据用于验证本文方法有效性,实线型标线提取结果的准确率达到95.98%,召回率达到91.87%,综合评价指标F 1-Measure值达到95.55%以上。试验结果表明本文方法能够有效增强受扫描距离、路面磨损及点密度分布不均等因素影响的点云强度信息,实现不同车载激光扫描获取的复杂道路环境下实线型交通标线的提取。     

基于车载点云数据的道路边界点提取方法

本文针对以往道路边界信息获取存在的效率差、精度低等问题,提出一种基于移动车载激光扫描点云数据的道路边界点提取方法。首先,为减少道路原始点云数据量,提高后续处理算法的效率,使用Volex Grid滤波器下采样原始车载点云数据,得到抽稀后道路点云数据;其次,使用直通滤波算法对抽稀后点云数据进行滤波处理,剔除高大建筑物、植被等点云数据并使用梯度滤波算法分离地面点与非地面点;最后,使用边界特征估计法完成道路三维边界点的提取。使用两组不同类型路段点云数据进行实验,结果显示本文方法提取直线路段道路边线的完整率与准确率为96.3%、98.8%,提取弯曲路段道路边线的完整率与准确率为91.8%、96.7%,表明本文方法能够有效提取道路边界点,具有较高的准确性,能够为高精地图制作提供可靠的数据支撑。     

基于Otsu算法与改进区域生长算法的道路点云提取

针对车载激光扫描获取的道路点云数据分类问题多的难点,本文提出了一种基于最大类间方差(Otsu)算法与改进区域生长算法的道路面提取方法。原始点云中非地面点滤除依靠Otsu算法自适应计算出分割阈值;随后分别计算点云的法向量与曲率;最终将法向量相似度作为约束条件,使用改进区域生长算法进行道路面精确提取。通过两段典型的城市道路点云数据为例,试验结果表明,本文方法提取道路面结果的准确度(C_R)、完整度(C_P)以及提取质量(Q)均大于94%,充分证明了该方法的有效性。     

Rural Road Surface Extraction Using Mobile LiDAR Point Cloud Data

The existing roadway infrastructures are mostly archived with two-dimensional (2D) drawings that lack the possibility for three-dimensional (3D) interpretation and advanced 3D analysis. The mobile LiDAR system (MLS) is gaining popularity in 3D mapping applications along various types of road corridors. MLS achieves the highest data quality and completeness among the traditional roadway data collection methods. The rural roads in different countries especially in India form a substantial portion of the road network. Therefore the proper maintenance and road safety analysis of rural roads are recommended activity, which could be addressed using detailed 3D road surface information. The absence of raised curb at road boundary, and presence of complexity, heterogeneity and occlusions along the rural roadway settings restrict the use of existing studies for road surface extraction using MLS point cloud data. Therefore considering the above requirement, this research paper proposes a two-stage method. The first stage extract planar ground surfaces which are further used to filter road surface in the second stage. Global properties of road, that is, topology and smoothness and its radiometric response to laser beam of MLS are used in the second stage. MLS point cloud data of rural roadway were used to test the proposed method. The road surface points were accurately extracted without being affected by the absence of raised curb and hanging objects over the road surface, that is, tree canopies and overhead power lines. The quantitative assessment of the proposed method was performed in terms of correctness, completeness and quality, which were 96.3, 94.2, and 90.9%, respectively.     

车载激光点云道路边界提取的Snake方法

针对车载激光点云中道路边界提取困难,自动化程度低的问题,提出一种基于离散点Snake的车载激光点云道路边界提取方法。不同于传统基于图像建立Snake,本文直接基于离散点建立Snake模型。先利用伪轨迹点数据,确定初始轮廓位置,参数化不同类型的道路边界初始轮廓;然后基于离散点构建适合多类型道路边界的Snake模型,定义模型内部、外部和约束能量,通过能量函数最小化推动轮廓曲线移动到显著道路边界特征点处,实现不同道路边界的精细提取。本文试验采用3份不同城市场景的车载激光点云数据验证本文方法的有效性,道路边界提取结果的准确率达到97.62%,召回率达到98.04%,F1-Measure值达到97.83%以上,且提取的道路边界结果与软件交互提取的结果有较好的吻合度。试验结果表明,本文方法能够修正噪声、断裂等数据质量对道路边界提取的影响,能够实现各类复杂城市环境中不同形状道路边界的提取,具有较强的稳健性和适用性。     

Using mobile laser scanning data for automated extraction of road markings

A mobile laser scanning (MLS) system allows direct collection of accurate 3D point information in unprecedented detail at highway speeds and at less than traditional survey costs, which serves the fast growing demands of transportation-related road surveying including road surface geometry and road environment. As one type of road feature in traffic management systems, road markings on paved roadways have important functions in providing guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. This paper presents a stepwise procedure to recognize road markings from MLS point clouds. To improve computational efficiency, we first propose a curb-based method for road surface extraction. This method first partitions the raw MLS data into a set of profiles according to vehicle trajectory data, and then extracts small height jumps caused by curbs in the profiles via slope and elevation-difference thresholds. Next, points belonging to the extracted road surface are interpolated into a geo-referenced intensity image using an extended inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) approach. Finally, we dynamically segment the geo-referenced intensity image into road-marking candidates with multiple thresholds that correspond to different ranges determined by point-density appropriate normality. A morphological closing operation with a linear structuring element is finally used to refine the road-marking candidates by removing noise and improving completeness. This road-marking extraction algorithm is comprehensively discussed in the analysis of parameter sensitivity and overall performance. An experimental study performed on a set of road markings with ground-truth shows that the proposed algorithm provides a promising solution to the road-marking extraction from MLS data.     

Automated road markings extraction from mobile laser scanning data

Road markings are used to provide guidance and instruction to road users for safe and comfortable driving. Enabling rapid, cost-effective and comprehensive approaches to the maintenance of route networks can be greatly improved with detailed information about location, dimension and condition of road markings. Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) systems provide new opportunities in terms of collecting and processing this information. Laser scanning systems enable multiple attributes of the illuminated target to be recorded including intensity data. The recorded intensity data can be used to distinguish the road markings from other road surface elements due to their higher retro-reflective property. In this paper, we present an automated algorithm for extracting road markings from MLS data. We describe a robust and automated way of applying a range dependent thresholding function to the intensity values to extract road markings. We make novel use of binary morphological operations and generic knowledge of the dimensions of road markings to complete their shapes and remove other road surface elements introduced through the use of thresholding. We present a detailed analysis of the most applicable values required for the input parameters involved in our algorithm. We tested our algorithm on different road sections consisting of multiple distinct types of road markings. The successful extraction of these road markings demonstrates the effectiveness of our algorithm.     

矢量数据辅助的高分辨率遥感影像道路自动提取

高分辨率遥感影像上细节信息繁杂、干扰物普遍存在,对其进行自动化道路识别与提取的相关研究仍处在探索阶段。在道路提取过程中引入矢量数据辅助,可解决初始信息获取的困难,得到可靠性较强的训练样本。为此,提出一种矢量数据辅助下的道路提取方法,能够筛选出矢量数据中包含的有效信息,引导实现对高分辨率遥感影像的道路自动提取。利用Mean-shift滤波对图像进行预处理后,首先从矢量数据获取候选种子点,并通过提炼同质区域的形状特征剔除错误候选点;然后,自动获取负样本点以进行朴素贝叶斯分类,并采用邻域质心投票算法从分类影像提取道路中心线;最后,结合像素跟踪与方向判断矢量化道路中心线,并提出一种基于矢量几何分析的断线连接与毛刺剔除方法,对提取结果进行信息修复与规整、优化。实验结果显示,该算法的提取质量达到80%以上,且具备较强的稳健性,能够适应具有不同道路辐射和分布特征的高分辨率遥感影像。     

OSM辅助车载LiDAR点云三维道路边界精细提取

道路边界精确提取建模是城市道路管理、智能交通规划和高精度地图制作等领域的重要课题之一。本文提出了一种基于车载激光雷达点云数据和开源街道地图(OSM)的三维道路边界精确提取方法。首先,针对原始车载LiDAR点云数据应用布料模拟滤波分离地面点,再结合相对高程分析获取道路边界点候选数据集。然后,应用OSM矢量道路网数据的节点辅助道路边界点候选点集进行分段。最后,在各分段点云数据集中基于随机抽样一致性算法获得三维道路边界点集。通过直道、弯道及高密度复杂场景3种不同类型的城区道路边界路段分类提取试验。结果表明,利用该方法进行道路边界提取的准确率和召回率分别达96.12%和95.17%,F1值达92.11%,本文方法可用于高精度道路边界的三维精细提取与矢量化,进而为智能交通与无人驾驶导航提供支撑。     

Semi-automated extraction and delineation of 3D roads of street scene from mobile laser scanning point clouds

Accurate 3D road information is important for applications such as road maintenance and virtual 3D modeling. Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is an efficient technique for capturing dense point clouds that can be used to construct detailed road models for large areas. This paper presents a method for extracting and delineating roads from large-scale MLS point clouds. The proposed method partitions MLS point clouds into a set of consecutive “scanning lines”, which each consists of a road cross section. A moving window operator is used to filter out non-ground points line by line, and curb points are detected based on curb patterns. The detected curb points are tracked and refined so that they are both globally consistent and locally similar. To evaluate the validity of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using two types of street-scene point clouds captured by Optech’s Lynx Mobile Mapper System. The completeness, correctness, and quality of the extracted roads are over 94.42%, 91.13%, and 91.3%, respectively, which proves the proposed method is a promising solution for extracting 3D roads from MLS point clouds.     

基于DBN的车载激光点云路侧多目标提取

提出一种基于深度信念网络（DBN）的车载激光点云路侧多目标提取方法。首先通过预处理对原始数据进行分段,并将地面和建筑物点云与路侧目标进行分离;然后利用连通分支聚类分析算法进行路侧点云聚类,并采用基于体素的归一化分割方法分割重叠点云,从而生成独立目标点云;在此基础上,生成基于多方向目标对象的二值图像并展开成二值向量作为独立目标点云的描述特征;最后构建并训练DBN,利用训练好的DBN提取行道树、车辆及杆状目标等3类路侧目标。试验采用两份不同城市道路场景的点云数据,行道树、车辆及杆状目标提取结果的准确率分别达97.31%、97.79%、92.78%,召回率分别达98.30%、98.75%和96.77%,精度分别达95.70%、93.81%和90.00%,F1值分别达97.80%、96.81%和94.73%。试验结果验证了本文的有效性。     

利用多元LBP特征自动提取城市道路边界

车载移动测量系统可采集高精度道路三维点云数据,为道路边界自动化提取提供了支撑.为解决车载激光点云中城市道路边界点云提取困难问题,本文引入局部二值模式LBP(Local Binary Pattern),针对各类城市道路边界特征,设计了高度LBP、高程离散度LBP和空间形状LBP3种改进算子;构建多元LBP特征语义识别模型...