WorldView卫星影像的稀少控制数字空三生产研究

根据WorldView高分辨率卫星影像的特点,结合数字空中三角测量原理,为了减少外业像控点工作量,进行稀少控制多模型区域网平差方法进行卫星影像的数字空中三角测量生产试验。在数字空三完成后,进行模型拼接检查,使用一定数量的检查点检查立体模型成果精度,最终得出对卫星影像使用稀少控制多模型区域网平差方法可达到的精度指标。最终为WorldView卫星影像的稀少控制数字空三作业提供可靠的理论依据和合理的作业方法。     

仅用虚拟控制点的超大区域无控制区域网平差

利用光学卫星影像进行无控制测图是摄影测量追求的目标。针对超大区域无控制测图的需求,本文提出了一种以单景影像为平差单元,基于虚拟控制点的光学卫星影像超大规模无控制区域网平差方法。该方法利用待平差影像的初始RPC模型生成虚拟控制点,并将其作为带权观测值引入平差模型中以改善平差模型的状态,克服了在无控制点条件下平差精度不稳定、误差过度累积引起的网的扭曲变形等问题。为了验证本方法的有效性和精度,利用资源三号卫星获取的覆盖全国的26 406景影像进行区域网平差试验,并利用全国范围内分布的约8000个高精度控制点对平差后自动生产的DOM和DSM产品的几何精度进行验证。试验结果表明,平面和高程中误差均达到了4m以内,同时,区域网内部相邻影像之间的几何拼接精度优于1个像素,满足无缝拼接的要求。     

CBERS-02B卫星遥感影像的区域网平差

针对中巴资源一号卫星(CBERS-02B)卫星遥感影像姿态角误差较大的特点,提出了利用区域网平差方法提高其对地目标定位精度的策略和具体计算过程。首先对参与平差的每景影像选取4个地面控制点进行影像姿态角常差检校,然后采用与地形无关方案解求各自的RPC参数,最后选取带仿射变换项的有理函数模型(RFM)进行多重覆盖影像的区域网平差。对两个地区的0级CBERS-02B单条CCD立体影像对的区域网平差试验表明,对地目标定位的平面和高程精度均达到了±3个像元的水平,且高程精度明显优于平面精度。相对于常规的卫星遥感影像区域网平差方法,平面和高程精度均有明显提升,几乎达到国外同等高分辨率卫星遥感影像的几何定位精度。这说明中国卫星遥感影像亦具有较好的几何定位潜力,在区域网平差之前进行系统误差预改正是必要和可行的。     

考虑多普勒参数的SAR影像距离——共面方程及其定位

通过对合成孔径雷达（SAR）影像成像几何机理的分析,以传感器位置和姿态作为定向参数,构建了考虑多普勒参数的SAR影像距离—共面方程及基于该方程的SAR影像空中三角测量模型。以登封地区99景0.5 m分辨率机载非0多普勒SAR影像为试验数据,进行了单片定向、无控制点的自由网平差、稀少控制点的区域网平差及带有自检校参数的区域网平差等系列试验。与R-D模型相比,本文模型减少了定向参数的数目,实现了SAR影像与POS数据的联合平差处理,建立的带有自检校参数的SAR影像区域网平差模型,对提高稀少或无地面控制点条件下未进行（或低精度）几何定标SAR影像的区域网平差精度起到了显著作用。较少控制点条件下模型满足了丘陵和山区1∶5000/1∶10000航摄测图对空中三角测量精度的要求。     

SFM的倾斜航空影像空中三角测量

针对传统空中三角(简称空三)测量方法处理倾斜航空影像的不足,提出了一种基于SFM算法的倾斜航空影像空三测量方法。首先利用垂直影像空三结果获取初始区域网模型,垂直影像空三解算可通过常规的空三算法或现有的软件获取。然后采用SFM算法,在初始区域网模型的基础上,递增式地恢复倾斜影像的外方位元素,最后将垂直影像和倾斜影像联合进行绝对定向、区域网光束法平差。选用玉树数据进行空三试验,结果表明:本文提出的SFM方法能够精确解算出倾斜航空影像的外方位元素,且空三结果优于现有倾斜影像空三软件Pix4Dmapper,可以作为一种倾斜航空影像定向方法。     

Google Earth辅助下的高分辨率遥感影像区域网平差

针对国产卫星境外定位的实际需要,提出利用Google Earth数据量测控制点辅助高分辨率遥感影像区域网平差的方法。首先统一坐标系,将所量测的控制点高程坐标转换为大地高;然后将其视为精度较低的控制点参与平差。试验分为无地面控制点和布设稀少地面控制点两种情况,对于每种情况分别设计不同的试验方案分析Google Earth数据对于定位精度的影响。结果表明利用Google Earth数据辅助区域网平差可以明显提高定位精度,可为缺少地面控制点的境外地区的光学线阵遥感影像几何定位提供新的思路。     

基于数字正射影像的影像匹配更新及精度探讨

探讨了以已有数字正射影像成果为像片控制基础,与新的航空影像/卫星影像自动配准、匹配、区域网平差,获取像片控制点及纠正点成果,结合已有数字高程模型进行影像纠正,快速生成新的数字正射影像的技术方法,并对无野外控制条件下不同分辨率的影像所能达到的精度进行了验证分析。     

多源SAR影像区域网平差的比较研究

本文将有理函数模型(RFM)引入多源SAR遥感影像区域网平差中,并采用多种地面控制点布设方案,对基于严格几何处理模型和带像方仿射变换补偿的RFM区域网平差精度进行了对比分析.试验表明,对于多源SAR影像,在地面控制点较多且分布良好的情况下,基于严格几何处理模型的区域网平差可以获得较好的目标定位结果;基于RFM的区域网平差可以获得与基于严格几何处理模型的区域网平差几乎相当的目标定位精度,且受地面控制点分布和数量影响较小,非常适合稀疏地面控制点情况下的SAR遥感影像几何定位.     

消费型无人机倾斜序列影像三维重建研究

以西宁市某城镇区域为例,首先利用大疆DJI M600Pro无人机搭载的DG3 Pros倾斜摄影系统采集影像数据;再利用PhotoScan影像匹配模块处理无人机倾斜影像获取的多视影像数据同名点坐标;然后利用GodWork的AT模块进行引入曝光延迟的光束法区域网平差,并通过分块平差与整体一致性平差实现大区域多视倾斜影像数据的整体平差;最后利用Smart3D完成多视影像密集匹配和纹理自动映射,生成高精度的三维模型.通过控制数据对空三加密、三维立体模型进行了精度验证,结果表明,其精度能满足大比例尺测图要求.     

SinovineSIS平台遥感影像生产试验研究

介绍了SinovineSIS的影像匹配算法,利用该系统进行了稀少控制和无控制条件下的高分辨率卫星影像区域网平差、DOM纠正、匀光匀色等生产试验,探讨了该系统的生产效率和产品精度情况。     

遥感数字影像测绘系统ReSDISAMS

介绍了遥感数字影像测绘系统ReSDISAMS(Remote-SensingDigital Image Surveying Anhd MappingSys-tem)的功能与特性，ReSDISAMS由微机图形工作站，立体观测装置和专业功能应用软件等组成。专业功能应用软件包括；数字空中三角测量（AT）、数字高程模型（DEM），数字单像测图（MP），数字立体测图（SP），数字正射影像（OP）、三维地形可视化（3D），数字航天影像测图（SAT）、数字城市（CityView)以及成果编辑输出（EOS）等。它是空间地理信息采集的有力工具。     

一种适用于电离层层析成像的TV-MART算法

针对电离层电子密度重构问题,提出了一种综合利用总变差最小化(toalvariation,TV)与乘法代数重构算法(multiplicativealgebraicreconstructiontechnique,MART)的电离层层析成像算法。该算法对反演模型的参数施加总变差约束,以提高反演过程的稳定性和结果的精确性。通过模拟数据和实测数据对模型的重构结果进行验证,结果表明,相对于乘法代数重构算法,该算法能够有效地提高电离层电子密度的重构精度。     

GRACE模式确定重力场的关键技术探讨

美德合作的GRACE计划可以利用卫星跟踪卫星技术 (SST)获取有关地球重力场、大气和海洋等方面有史以来最为全面的信息。它们为广泛开展相关领域的科学研究提供了前所未有的丰富资料。其中 ,GRACE提供的稳态的和时变的地球重力场数据可以反映地球内部构造、地表水体运动等地球物理信息 ,是GRACE目标的最重要的方面。本文深入探讨了GRACE卫星有效载荷对于研究地球重力场的贡献 ,并给出相应结论。     

鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起区东部微烃渗漏区的遥感识别及其意义

微烃渗漏遥感探测的机理主要是建立在烃类微渗漏异常地球化学表征和形成的基础上。本文主要依据Schum acher(1996)和Saunders等(1999)提出的烃类微渗漏异常地球化学原理和模型,以鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起东部为研究区,以多光谱遥感和航空放射性遥感为探测手段,分别利用氧化铁指数(TM3/TM1)、亚铁指数(TM5/TM4)和黏土化指数(TM5/TM7)来识别Fe3 氧化物、Fe2 氧化物和有机质、黏土化和碳酸盐化的相对富集区,同时用矿物组合图像来增强显示上述信息。综合亚铁指数(TM5/TM4)分割图像、矿物组合图像、航放铀、钍、钾信息及钍归一化铀指数等信息,提取了研究区微烃渗漏地段。研究表明,研究区存在两条Fe2 氧化物和有机质相对富集区带。一条为与库布齐沙漠走向近于一致的北部近东西向带,它与石油部门发现和描述的油气渗漏区域基本一致。另一条为泊海子—准召—新庙不连续的北西向带,它的北界与泊海子—准召断裂展布基本一致。在垂直中部北西向微烃渗漏带的剖面上,清晰显示亚铁指数(Fe2 )、航放测量铀(U)、钍归一化铀(Ud)为正异常;氧化铁指数(Fe3 )、航放测量总道值(Tc)和钾(K)、钍归一化(Kd)为负异常的特点。研究认为地表还原带是由油气微渗漏形成的,推测受断裂、裂隙带控制的、主要由油气微渗漏形成的还原带对东胜铀矿带形成聚集起了重要作用。     

Water Harvesting Structure Positioning by Using Geo-Visualization Concept and Prioritization of Mini-Watersheds Through Morphometric Analysis in the Lower Tapi Basin

Geo-visualization concept has been used for positioning water harvesting structures in Varekhadi watershed consisting of 26 mini watersheds, falling in Lower Tapi Basin (LTB), Surat district, Gujarat state. For prioritization of the mini watersheds, morphometric analysis was utilized by using the linear parameters such as bifurcation ratio (R_b), drainage density (D_d), stream frequency (F_u), texture ratio (T), length of overland flow (L_o) and the shape parameter such as form factor (R_f), shape factor (B_s), elongation ratio (R_e), compactness constant (C_c) and circularity ratio (R_c). The different prioritization ranks were assigned after evaluation of the compound factor. 3 Dimensional (3D) Elevation Model (DEM) from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and DEM from topo contour were analyzed in ArcScene 9.1 and the fly tool was utilized for the Geo-visualization of Varekhadi mini watersheds as per the priority ranks. Combining this with soil map and slope map, the best feasibility of positioning check dams in mini-watershed no. 1, 5 and 24 has been proposed, after validation of the sites.     

Evaluation of multisensor data for delineating salt affected soils in arid rajasthan

The Landsat (MSS and TM), SPOT (PLA and MLA) and IRS (LISS-I and LISS-II) images of crop free period (April, May), rainfed crop (October) and rabi irrigated crop (January, February) have been evaluated for their capabilities of mapping (1) primary salt affected soils: (slightly, moderately and severely) (2) saline water irrigated saline soils, (3) sodic water irrigated sodic soils and (4) salt affected soils due to tank seepage in the arid region of Rajasthan. The moderately and severe salt affected soils could be mapped with Landsat, (IRS LISS-I) and SPOT, images of any season. However, the summer season imagery provided maximum extent of salt affected soils. The LISS-II imagery also provided delineation of slightly salt affected soils in addition to the moderate and severely salt affected soils. The delineation of saline and sodic water irrigated areas was possible by using Landsat False Colour Composite for the January month by their characteristic reflectance, existing cropping pattern and the quality of irrigation water being used in the area. The IRS (LISS-II) and SPOT PLA images for the May month were also used for mapping of saline and sodic water irrigated soils.     

The effectiveness of spectral similarity measures for the analysis of hyperspectral imagery

In geological imaging spectrometry (i.e., hyperspectral remote sensing), surface compositional information (e.g., mineralogy and subsequently chemistry) is obtained by statistical comparison (by means of spectral matching algorithms) of known field- or library spectra to unknown image spectra. Though these algorithms are readily used, little emphasis has been given to comparison of the performance of the various spectral matching algorithms. Four spectral measures are presented: three that calculate the angle (spectral angle measure, SAM), the vector distance (Euclidean distance measure, ED) or the vector cross-correlation (spectral correlation measure, SCM), between a known reference and unknown target spectrum and a fourth measure that measures the discrepancy of probability distributions between two pixel vectors (the spectral information divergence, SID). The performance of these spectral similarity measures is compared using synthetic hyperspectral and real (i.e., Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer, AVIRIS) hyperspectral data of a (artificial or real) hydrothermal alteration system characterised by the minerals alunite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and quartz. Two statistics are used to assess the performance of the spectral similarity measures: the probability of spectral discrimination (PSD) and the power of spectral discrimination (PWSD). The first relates to the ability of the selected set of spectral endmembers to map a target spectrum, whereas the second expresses the capability of a spectral measure to separate two classes relative to a reference class. Analysis of the synthetic data set (i.e., simulated alteration zones with crisp boundaries at 1–2 nm spectral resolution) shows that (1) the SID outperforms the classical empirical spectral matching techniques (SAM, SCM and ED), (2) that SCM (SID, SAM and ED do not) exploits the overall shape of the reflectance curve and hence its outcomes are (positively and negatively) affected by the spectral range selected, (3) SAM and ED give nearly similar results and (4) for the same reason as in (2), the SCM is also more sensitive (again in positive and negative sense) to the spectral noise added. Results from the study of AVIRIS data show that SAM yields more spectral confusion (i.e., class overlap) than SID and SCM. In turn, SID is more effective in mapping the four target minerals than SCM as it clearly outperforms SCM when the target mineral coincides with the mineral phase on the ground.     

Modelling and Remote Sensing of Land Surface Temperature in Turkey

This study introduces artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the estimation of land surface temperature (LST) using meteorological and geographical data in Turkey (26?C45°E and 36?C42°N). A generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was used in the network. In order to train the neural network, meteorological and geographical data for the period from January 2002 to December 2002 for 10 stations (Adana, Afyon, Ankara, Eski?ehir, ?stanbul, ?zmir, Konya, Malatya, Rize, Sivas) spread over Turkey were used as training (six stations) and testing (four stations) data. Latitude, longitude, elevation and mean air temperature are used in the input layer of the network. Land surface temperature is the output. However, land surface temperature has been estimated as monthly mean by using NOAA-AVHRR satellite data in the thermal range over 10 stations in Turkey. The RMSE between the estimated and ground values for monthly mean with ANN temperature(LST_ANN) and Becker and Li temperature(LST_B-L) method values have been found as 0.077?K and 0.091?K (training stations), 0.045?K and 0.003?K (testing stations), respectively.     

A novel hybrid approach of Bayesian Logistic Regression and its ensembles for landslide susceptibility assessment

Abstract

A novel artificial intelligence approach of Bayesian Logistic Regression (BLR) and its ensembles [Random Subspace (RS), Adaboost (AB), Multiboost (MB) and Bagging] was introduced for landslide susceptibility mapping in a part of Kamyaran city in Kurdistan Province, Iran. A spatial database was generated which includes a total of 60 landslide locations and a set of conditioning factors tested by the Information Gain Ratio technique. Performance of these models was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and statistical index-based methods. Results showed that the hybrid ensemble models could significantly improve the performance of the base classifier of BLR (AUROC?=?0.930). However, RS model (AUROC?=?0.975) had the highest performance in comparison to other landslide ensemble models, followed by Bagging (AUROC?=?0.972), MB (AUROC?=?0.970) and AB (AUROC?=?0.957) models, respectively.     

Use oe aerial photograph for study of soil salinity and landscape relationship in parts of Haryana

In order to know the development of soil salinity and alkalinity in relation to landform, a systematic approach has been adopted by using aerial photo-interpretation techniques followed by field checks. The major land form units identified in the area are (i) alluvial upland (ii) low land (iii) back-swamp areas (iv) remanent horstland (v) interfiuve (vi) abandoned channel (vii) plain undifferentiated and (viii) plain with aeolian activity. salt accumulation is pronounced in landform units (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) due to configurating slopes and basement ridge control, whereas in landform units (v) and (vi), a patchy distribution of salinity has been found. Landform units (vii) and (viii) are free from this hazard The elements of landscape have controlled the distriburion of salts within each landscape.