不同GPS掩星电离层剖面产品相关性分析

将在一定时空限定范围内的不同低轨卫星COSMIC、GRACE、CHAMP、FY3C的电离层掩星电子密度剖面定义为一个掩星对来对比分析不同类型掩星电离层产品。结果表明：COSMIC掩星对之间的电子密度剖面整体轮廓符合得很好,电子密度剖面主要在250 km以下和500 km以上存在较大的偏差,250~500 km的电子密度整体偏差较小,统计得到的COSMIC掩星对的电子密度参量NmF2和hmF2的相关系数能分别达到0.99和0.97,具有高度相关性,不同COSMIC卫星之间没有明显的系统误差;COSMIC、GRACE、CHAMP和FY3C不同低轨卫星间的电子密度剖面略有差异,通过统计电子密度参量NmF2和hmF2之间的相关系数,COSMIC和CHAMP的相关系数分别为0.95和0.86,COSMIC和GRACE的相关系数分别为0.98和0.94,COSMIC和FY3C的相关系数分别为0.96和0.92,不同掩星类型之间的电子密度参量之间也具有高度相关性,验证了不同卫星任务GPS掩星电离层剖面的一致性。     

中国区域掩星观测与IRI-2016电离层峰值参数的比较

对2008—2014年由气象、电离层和气候卫星联合观测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate, COSMIC)掩星观测与最新版国际电离层参考模型IRI-2016输出得到的电离层峰值参数(峰值密度NmF2与峰值高度hmF2)在中国区域进行了比较。IRI-2016模型输出值与COSMIC掩星反演值的相关性在太阳活动高年(2011—2014年)整体上高于太阳活动低年(2008—2010年)。在低年春秋季的当地时间(local time,LT)12:00—14:00,IRI-2016相对于COSMIC掩星在30°N～55°N区域内对NmF2和hmF2分别存在低估和高估现象,在15°N～30°N区域内则恰恰相反。对于NmF2,采用IRI_CCIR和IRI_URSI两种选项的模型输出值在中午时分均存在高估,在低年高估更为显著。对于hmF2,采用IRI_CCIR和IRI_AMTB两种选项的模型输出值在低年各季节均存在高估,且IRI_AMTB选项高估更显著,冬季最突出。结果表明,在中国区域由IRI-2016模型计算NmF2和hmF2时,分别推荐使用IRI_CCIR和IRI_Shubin选项。     

基于空间电离层环境层析成像测量仪的地震电离层扰动监测系统设计

为了更好地开展地震电离层扰动监测和异常信息提取研究,基于空间电离层环境层析成像测量仪研制了地震电离层扰动监测系统,包括小区域监测站网和监测软件系统.?该监测系统产出空间分辨率1°×1°的电离层总电子含量(TEC)、F2层最大电子密度(NmF2)和F2层峰值电子密度对应高度(hmF2)二维分布图,对扰动异常超过10％的事...     

一个基于GPS的三维电离层成像工具:过程和评估

介绍了一个检验基于地面和隐藏在IRI/GCPM组合模型中的GPSTEC数据的倍增代数重建技术(MART)吸收过程,评估了原始记录产生的电子密度场。通过GPS数据的同化,获得了高北纬地区的电子密度估值,用IRI/GCPM大约提高27.25%,完成了欧洲的7个电子电离层测高仪的比较,NmF2和hmF2规定的平均偏差分别仅为8.5×1010m-3和-6.1km。     

奥斯特/GPS掩星与地面雷达联合观测电离层电子密度的初步结果

1999年2月丹麦发射了一颗奥斯特小卫星,它装载了两台GPS接收机,其中一台用于电离层和中性大气掩星测量,另一台用于自主定位。本文给出了1999年10月奥斯特/GPS掩星与日本MU雷达和数字测高仪的联合观测结果。奥斯特掩星反演得到的电子密度剖面与地面雷达观测的进行了比较,结果表明:天基和地基雷达观测的电子密度是一致的。文章还给出利用GPS的单频信号反演电离层电子密度剖面技术和3维射线追踪技术模拟掩星结果。     

奥斯特／GPS掩星与地面雷达联合观测电码离层电子密度的初步结果

1999年2月丹麦发射了一颗奥斯特小卫星,它装载了两台GPS接收机,其中一台用于电离层和中性大气掩星测量,另一台用于自主定位,本文给出了1999年10月奥斯特/GPS掩星与日本MU雷达和数字测高仪的联合观测结果。奥斯特掩星反演得到的电子密度剖面与地面雷达观测的进行了比较。结果表明：天基和地基雷达观测的电子密度是一致的。文章还给出利用GPS的单频信号反演电离层电子密度剖面技术和3维射线追踪技术模拟掩星结果。     

地基GPS与掩星联合的电离层层析成像方法研究

由于有限视角、稀疏布站等原因,地基G PS电离层层析成像存在垂直分辨率不高的问题,联合掩星进行电离层层析成像是一个重要的解决途径。一方面地基G PS观测能保证电离层层析成像的时间连续性和区域覆盖性;另一方面由于掩星信号能够提供地基G PS没有的水平射线信息,提升了电离层层析成像的垂直分辨率水平。利用地基GPS站与COSMIC卫星的掩星观测进行的仿真结果表明：与仅利用地基G PS相比,联合掩星进行电离层层析成像,不仅在电离层电子密度反演精度方面有明显提升,而且在电离层F2层峰值高度（hm F2）和电离层总电子含量（T EC ）的精度方面同样有明显提高。     

NeQuick模型算法研究及性能比较

研究了NeQuick2算法改进及其实现方法,从不同角度分析了NeQuick2模型在全球区域和中国区域内的性能优势。一个太阳活动周期内,中国区域NeQuick2模型计算的电子总含量（total electron content,TEC）比NeQuick1模型精度有显著提升,改正精度与太阳活动水平具有较强的相关性,低年比高年的改善效果更为显著。以全球电离层数据（global ionosphere maps,GIM）为参考标准,中国中高纬区域太阳活动低年NeQuick2模型TEC的系统年平均偏差减少了76%,年平均均方根（root mean square,RMS）值减少了约72%。太阳活动高年NeQuick2模型TEC的系统年平均偏差减少了38%,平均RMS减少了13%左右,且中高纬区域改正精度优于低纬区域11%~13%。全球区域太阳活动峰值期间NeQuick2模型TEC比NeQuick1模型日平均偏差改善了25%,日平均RMS改善了30%左右。分别用NeQuick1和NeQuick2模型得出F₂层顶部区域在太阳活动峰值期电子密度随高度剖面分布,顶部电子密度剖面精度改善近40%。最后分别得出了两个模型中国区域中高纬地区E和F₁层区域在100 km、150 km和200 km高度的电子密度分布图,结果显示NeQuick2模型改善了电子密度分布状况,有效避免了NeQuick1在底部区域电子密度梯度不连续以及电离层异常结构的情况。     

GNSS／LEO无线电掩星电离层探测仿真研究

无线电掩星是实现全球电离层探测的重要手段之一。针对GNSS／LEO掩星探测电离层的特点,基于电离层掩星的判决条件,通过NeQuick模型实现了电波弯曲角和绝对总电子含量的数据仿真,利用阿贝尔变换法（Abel Transform）和穿刺法实现了电离层电子密度剖面的有效反演,统计分析结果验证了NeQuick模型用于GNSS／LEO无线电掩星电离层探测仿真的可行性。     

利用COSMIC掩星资料分析南极地区对流层顶变化

利用2011年全年的南极地区的COSMIC掩星资料,反演了大气温度剖面,进而提取对流层顶参数(温度和高度),定量分析了南极地区对流层顶的时空变化特征。在南极地区,温度递减率对流层顶比最冷点对流层顶更准确,且掩星反演法与臭氧、无线电探空仪等结果基本一致。南极对流层顶整体表现为位相相反的一波结构,温度变化范围为200~230K,高度变化范围为9~11km。南极地区对流层顶在冬季和春季"消失",在夏季和秋季出现逆温层。南极地区对流层顶温度在冬季和春季表现出明显的梯度特征,纬度方向上,极点附近低,四周较高;经度方向上,西南极地区较低。     

Seismo-ionospheric precursor of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC

The seismo-ionospheric precursor prior to the Mw7.9 earthquake near Wenchuan, China, on 12 May 2008 was observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellite constellation. By binning radio occultation observations, the three-dimensional ionospheric structure can be obtained to monitor the ionospheric electron density variation prior to the earthquake. It has been determined that near the epicenter the F2-peak height, hmF2, descends about 25 km and the F2-peak electron density, NmF2, decreases about 2 × 10⁵ el/cm³ around noon within 5 days prior to the earthquake. The integrated electron content decreases more than 2 TECU between 250 and 300 km altitude.     

Analysis of ionospheric electron parameters versus geomagnetic index Dst from RO data of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC

The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission has provided ample ionospheric electron density profiles retrieved from the global positioning system radio occultation technique. Currently, there can be more than 2,000 electron density profiles acquired per day covering the global ionosphere from altitude 90 to 800 km. Utilizing the advantage of such a complete coverage, we statistically analyze how the ionospheric electron parameters NmF2, hmF2, and TEC respond to the geomagnetic index Dst for different magnetic latitudes and magnetic local time (MLT) and on quiet and storm times. A data set of 24 months is used for this study, in which most of the results focus on the low-latitude dayside regions. The results indicate that, in general, NmF2, hmF2, and TEC decrease as Dst increases at all seasons. Only during the sudden commencement phase (SSC) of storm events, NmF2 and TEC appear to increase as Dst increases.     

GPS observations of the ionospheric F2-layer behavior during the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea

The ionospheric F2-layer peak density (NmF2) and its height (hmF2) are of great influence on the shape of the ionospheric electron density profile Ne (h) and may be indicative of other physical processes within the ionosphere, especially those due to geomagnetic storms. Such parameters are often estimated using models such as the semiempirical international reference ionosphere (IRI) models or are measured using moderately priced to expensive instrumentation, such as ionosondes or incoherent scatter radars. Global positioning system (GPS) observations have become a powerful tool for mapping high-resolution ionospheric structures, which can be used to study the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. In this paper, we describe how 3-D ionospheric electron density profiles were produced from data of the dense permanent Korean GPS network using the tomography reconstruction technique. These profiles are verified by independent ionosonde data. The responses of GPS-derived parameters at the ionospheric F2-layer to the 20th November 2003 geomagnetic storm over South Korea are investigated. A fairly large increase in the electron density at the F2-layer peak (the NmF2) (positive storm) has been observed during this storm, which is accompanied by a significant uplift in the height of the F2 layer peak (the hmF2). This is confirmed by independent ionosonde observations. We suggest that the F2-layer peak height uplift and NmF2 increase are mainly associated with a strong eastward electric field, and are not associated with the increase of the O/N₂ ratio obtained from the GUVI instruments aboard the TIMED satellite. It is also inferred that the increase in NmF2 is not caused by the changes in neutral composition, but is related to other nonchemical effects, such as dynamical changes of vertical ion motions induced by winds and E × B drifts, tides and waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region, which can be dynamically coupled upward to generate ionospheric perturbations and oscillations.     

Electron density profiles in the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and a digisonde at Jicamarca

We examine for the first time the ionospheric electron density profiles concurrently observed by the GPS occultation experiment (GOX) onboard the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) and the ground-based digisonde portable sounder DPS-4 at Jicamarca (12°S, 283°W, 1°N geomagnetic) in 2007. Our results show that the F3/C generally underestimates the F2-peak electron density NmF2 and the F2-peak height hmF2. On the other hand, when the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) pronouncedly appears during daytime, the total electron content (TEC) derived from the radio occultation of the GPS signal recorded by the F3/C GOX is significantly enhanced. This results in the NmF2 at Jicamarca being overestimated by the Abel inversion on the enhanced TEC during the afternoon period.     

Ionospheric electron density observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC over the European region and validated by ionosonde data

This research is motivated by the recent IGS Ionosphere Working Group recommendation issued at the IGS 2010 Workshop held in Newcastle, UK. This recommendation encourages studies on the evaluation of the application of COSMIC radio occultation profiles for additional IGS global ionosphere map (GIM) validation. This is because the reliability of GIMs is crucial to many geodetic applications. On the other hand, radio occultation using GPS signals has been proven to be a promising technique to retrieve accurate profiles of the ionospheric electron density with high vertical resolution on a global scale. However, systematic validation work is still needed before using this powerful technique for sounding the ionosphere on a routine basis. In this paper, we analyze the properties of the ionospheric electron density profiling retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation measurements. A comparison of radio occultation data with ground-based measurements indicates that COSMIC profiles are usually in good agreement with ionosonde profiles, both in the F2 layer peak electron density and the bottom side of the profiles. For this comparison, ionograms recorded by European ionospheric stations (DIAS network) in 2008 were used.     

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC observations of the ionospheric auroral oval development

The ionospheric radiance and electron density observed by the tiny ionospheric photometer (TIP) and GPS occultation experiment (GOX) payloads on FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites are applied to determine the boundaries of the auroral oval and its width in the winter nighttime ionosphere for both hemispheres. The TIP collects ionospheric emission at 135.6 nm due to electron impact excitation, while the GOX offers ionospheric electron density profiles with radio occultation (RO) technique. Comparison between them shows similar patterns of the plasma structure in the polar caps. The mean width of the auroral bands ranges between about 2 and 11° latitude in the winter nighttime and it varies with longitudes. The comparison by month suggests that the mean radius of the auroral ovals varies with the intensity of the auroral radiance.     

LEO卫星单频精密定轨电离层模型改进算法

电离层延迟的有效改正是LEO卫星单频精密定轨的关键所在。目前主要采用电离层比例因子法进行LEO卫星电离层延迟改正,但该方法在电子密度峰值高度确定时未考虑太阳活动、经纬度、昼夜变化、季节等因素的影响。IRI2012模型虽然考虑了上述因素对电子密度峰值高度的影响,但因其与电离层薄层高度选择的标准不一致,通常它们之间存在系统性偏差而无法直接使用。为此本文提出将电离层薄层高度作为约束条件对IRI2012模型确定的电子密度峰值高度的均值进行参数约束估计,得到一种改进的电离层模型算法,并利用Swarm卫星GPS观测数据对其进行验证。结果表明:改进的电离层模型对Swarm卫星径向、切向和法向定轨精度均有不同程度的提高,尤其对轨道径向和法向精度改善最为明显,分别提高了31.6%和32.0%;同时较大幅度地降低了轨道的系统性偏差,尤其是在径向和法向,分别平均降低了65.0%和54.7%。     

Analysis of inversion errors of ionospheric radio occultation

The retrieved electron density profile of ionospheric radio occultation (RO) simulation data can be compared with the background model value during the simulation and the inversion error can be obtained exactly. This paper studies the inversion error of ionospheric RO through simulation. The sources of the inversion errors are analyzed. The impacts of measurement errors, such as the errors in phase measurements and satellite orbits, are very small and can be neglected. The approximation of straight-line propagation introduces errors at the height of the F1 layer under solar maximum condition. The spherical symmetry approximation of the electron density distribution is found to be the main source of the inversion error. The statistical results reveal some characteristics of the inversion errors. (1) The relative error increases with enhanced solar activity. (2) It is larger in winter than in equinox season, and it is smallest in summer. (3) For all seasons, it is smaller at middle latitude than at other latitudes. (4) For all seasons and geomagnetic latitudes, it is smaller at daytime than at other times. The NmF2 of the ROs from COSMIC are compared with the measurements of ionosondes, and the relative differences show the same dependencies on season, geomagnetic latitude and local time, as the relative errors of the simulated ionospheric ROs.