准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系—三叠系构造层序格架与沉积叠合演化

玛湖凹陷是准噶尔盆地西北部的重要富烃凹陷和大型地层岩性油藏勘探区域,形成多层系的大型地层岩性油气藏。为了查明该区油气分布规律,应用构造层序分析法,通过岩芯观察和地震、录井、测井等资料,对二叠系—三叠系油气主要赋存层系进行研究。结果表明：玛湖凹陷二叠系—三叠系存在多个大型地层不整合面,可划分为下二叠统、中二叠统、上二叠统—三叠系等构造层序。二叠纪到三叠纪,玛湖地区经历了断陷、坳陷和大型坳陷斜坡三大演化阶段,形成了三大构造层序的叠置。下二叠统为伸展构造背景下形成的箕状结构构造层序,北部地层厚、南部地层薄,在北深南浅的箕状结构背景下沉积,凹陷区为分布广泛的细粒混积岩,为优质烃源岩建造,朝向斜坡区岩性逐渐变为砂岩、砾岩;中二叠统为坳陷构造背景下形成的中部厚、周缘薄的构造层序,发育盆地边缘扇三角洲,表现为盆大、水浅,盆地边缘扇体有限,盆内砂泥互层沉积;上二叠统—三叠系,玛湖地区处于准噶尔大型坳陷盆地的西北部斜坡区,在浅水、缓坡和湖侵背景下形成大型退覆式扇三角洲沉积,砂体呈纵向叠置、横向连片分布。三大构造层序的纵向叠置,形成了该区多层分布地层-岩性或构造-岩性油藏。     

南图尔盖盆地Aryskum坳陷北部层序发育特征及充填演化模式

摘 要:以层序地层学、沉积学、构造地质学理论为指导,利用地震、钻井、测井等地质和地球物理资料,将哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地坳陷北部下侏罗统－下白垩统划分为１０个三级层序,细分出１９个体系域,结合构造演化特征将该盆地层序充填分为４个时期:断陷早期( ＳＱ１~ ＳＱ３)、断陷后期( ＳＱ４~ ＳＱ６)、断坳转换期( ＳＱ７~ ＳＱ８)、坳陷期(ＳＱ９~ ＳＱ１０)。通过单井、连井沉积相研究与对比,总结了沉积相在空间上的演变规律,建立了南图尔盖盆地 Ａｒｙｓｋｕｍ坳陷北部沉积相模式,该模式分４个阶段,即与断陷早期相对应的以层序快速充填为特征的扇三角洲－湖泊沉积阶段(阶段Ⅰ)、与断陷后期相对应的以层序体系域三分为特征的扇三角洲－湖泊－正常三角洲沉积阶段( 阶段Ⅱ)、与断坳转换期相对应的以层序高位体系域发育为特征的辫状河三角洲－正常三角洲－湖泊沉积阶段(阶段Ⅲ)、与坳陷期相对应的以层序体系域二分为特征的河流－正常三角洲－湖泊沉积阶段(阶段Ⅳ)。      

济阳坳陷馆陶组层序地层研究

利用钻井、测井、露头和地震等资料采用沉积学、层序地层学、地震地质学等方法,研究济阳坳陷馆陶组沉积特征,并进行了层序地层划分,结果发现:济阳坳陷馆陶组地层主要发育河流相沉积,馆陶组下段存在以浅水湖泊为背景的辫状河三角洲沉积,馆陶组上段发育湖泊三角洲沉积以及曲流河浅水三角洲沉积,在此基础上,进行了层序界面识别与层序划分,可将馆陶组地层可划分出一个构造层序,2个三级层序,层序底界面都为I型层序界面,每个层序内又可划分出3个体系域,即低水位体系域、扩张体系域和高水位体系域。     

湖盆重力流沉积特征及模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地及滦平盆地为例

湖盆中心重力流砂体已经成为我国陆相盆地勘探的重要目标。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地浅水坳陷型湖盆以及滦平盆地早白垩世断陷型湖盆内部的重力流沉积体的研究,取得了以下2点主要认识:①鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组的重力流发育受到湖盆强烈坳陷作用以及湖平面下降2方面因素控制,重力流分布以大规模平铺-毯式为主,没有明显的沟道沉积,岩性偏细,流体性质以牵引流为主;②滦平盆地下白垩统西瓜组重力流发育受到控盆断层活动控制,碎屑物质迅速入湖,冲刷侵蚀作用明显,结构及成分成熟度低,流体性质主要为碎屑流。在2点认识基础之上总结了坳陷型湖盆以及断陷型湖盆两类盆地3类重力流沉积模式,丰富了陆相湖盆重力流理论体系。      

广西江平盆地侏罗系层序地层特征

江平盆地侏罗系为一套内陆河湖相沉积,地层结构及岩性变化复杂。可分３个基本层序组,其变化特征,反映了中晚侏罗世江平盆地从扩张到萎缩时期沉积变化规律和沉积体系域变化过程,具有物源丰富、湖水浅、相变快等沉积特点,其层序地层及体系域特征与大陆边缘盆地相比有较大的差异。     

鄂东地区中侏罗统陆相层序地层及其主控因素

中侏罗统在鄂东盆地零星散布,应用现代沉积学理论和陆相层序地层学原理,结合露头、薄片、古生物等资料,分析沉积相、物源、构造背景等.结果表明:中侏罗统主要为辫状河、辫状河三角洲及滨浅湖-半深湖沉积体系,可划分为4个三级层序,而整个中侏罗统大致相当于1个二级层序;成因层序的形成受控于秦岭-大别山造山带与中扬子前陆盆地强构造运...     

临清坳陷中二叠世古地理恢复

临清坳陷是一个中-新生代的断陷盆地,多期断层活动、多套生储盖组合、多种圈闭类型的地质条件,决定了临清坳陷可形成多类型的油气藏,具有良好的油气勘探前景。以临清坳陷中二叠世沉积地层为主要研究对象,观察钻井取心,详细分析测井标志,建立等时地层格架,基于等时地层格架进行古地理的恢复。研究表明,研究区共划分为2个层序,层序1为河控浅水三角洲环境,层序2过渡为内陆河流环境,对该区的勘探工作及勘探实践具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源特征及其地质意义

根据砂岩岩石薄片、石英阴极发光和重矿物组合分析,结合沉积构造及地震解释成果,对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源体系及其演化进行详细分析,确定了物源方向及母岩性质。结果表明:塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源主要来自北部南天山造山带物源区,以岩浆岩和变质岩母岩为主,兼有少量沉积岩物源的影响。其中,塔里奇克组砂岩中陆源碎屑岩岩屑含量较高,阴极发光条件下不发光石英含量较高,重矿物组合具有高锆石、白钛矿和磁铁矿含量以及低石榴子石含量的特征,母岩可能为上奥陶统—上三叠统早期沉积;阿合组及阳霞组砂岩中岩浆岩岩屑含量升高,重矿物组合以较高的石榴子石含量为特征,阴极发光条件下石英主要为蓝紫色及棕褐色发光,其母岩主要来自二叠系及其下伏地层;克孜勒努尔组及恰克马克组砂岩中变质岩岩屑含量明显升高,石榴子石含量极高,阴极发光条件下棕褐色发光石英含量增多,表明变质岩母岩的影响增强。晚三叠世—中侏罗世,研究区物源区母岩演化具有明显规律性,即晚三叠世受较多沉积岩母岩影响,早侏罗世岩浆岩母岩供给增多,中侏罗世以变质岩母岩为主。晚三叠世,库车坳陷东部南天山造山带大幅抬升,导致大量变质岩母岩卷入造山带遭受剥蚀;早—中侏罗世,南天山造山带中段构造活动具有东西分段的特点,吐格尔明30团剖面以东早侏罗世砂岩率先具有高石榴子石含量的特点,而西部地区中侏罗世砂岩才大量出现石榴子石,表明南天山造山带中段的虎拉山及额尔宾山在早侏罗世隆升-剥蚀强烈,而哈尔克山在中侏罗世才进入强烈抬升期。     

东北大三江地区早白垩世岩相古地理研究

通过大量野外观察,结合岩芯、测井及地震剖面资料,研究东北大三江地区早白垩世穆棱组、城子河组的沉积相;并在对各个沉积相带的沉积特征和时空展布归纳和总结的基础上,编制了一套早白垩世穆棱组、城子河组岩相古地理图。结果表明:城子河组和穆棱组沉积相类型丰富,以滨浅湖、三角洲平原等浅水沉积为主,夹数层沼泽相煤和海相夹层;在古隆起的边缘有扇三角洲、辫状河相存在,向盆内过渡为滨浅湖和半深湖。城子河组沉积时期,汤原断陷周边发育扇三角洲沉积,绥滨坳陷和前进坳陷以三角洲和滨浅湖沉积为主,局部发育半深湖,并发育海相夹层和沼泽沉积;鸡西盆地和勃利盆地以三角洲和滨浅湖沉积为主,虎林盆地以滨浅湖沉积为主,局部发育半深湖,并发育海相夹层和沼泽沉积;穆棱组沉积时期,汤原断陷周边发育扇三角洲沉积,绥滨坳陷和前进坳陷地层不太发育,鸡西盆地和勃利盆地以三角洲和滨浅湖沉积为主,局部发育半深湖,并发育海相夹层和沼泽沉积,虎林盆地南部凹陷以滨浅湖沉积为主。早白垩世穆棱组、城子河组时期,张广才岭和桦南隆起是盆地主要物源供给区。     

辽宁田师傅早中侏罗世植物群

田师傅植物群系我国北方典型的早中侏罗世植物群之一,产自辽宁本溪田师傅盆地及风城赛马-(?)阳盆地的下侏罗统长梁子组、中侏罗统大堡组及三个岭组。该植物群由34属77种植物组成。本文通过含植物化石地层剖面简介阐明化石的产地和层位,对以往的化石名单进行修订,对部分重要化石作了描述。     

Plate subduction,oxygen fugacity,and mineralization

Plate subduction is the largest natural factory that processes elements, which controls recycling and mineralization of a variety of elements. There are three major ore deposit belts in the world: the circumPaci?c, the central Asian, and the Tethys belts. All the three belts are closely associated with plate subductions, the mechanism remains obscure. We approached this problem from systematic studies on the behaviours of elements during geologic processes. This contribution summaries the recent progress of our research group. Our results suggest that porphyry Cu deposits form through partial melting of subducted young oceanic crust under oxygen fugacities higher than ? FMQ ～+1.5, which is promoted after the elevation of atmospheric oxygen at ca. 550 Ma. Tin deposits are associated with reducing magmatic rocks formed as a consequence of slab rollback. The Neo-Tethys tectonic regime hosts more than 60% of the world's total Sn reserves. This is due to the reducing environment formed during the subduction of organic rich sediments. For the same reason, porphyry Cu deposits formed in the late stages during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Tungsten deposits are also controlled by slab rollback, but is not so sensitive to oxygen fugacity. Subduction related W/Sn deposits are mostly accompanied by abundant accessory ?uorites due to the breakdown of phengite and apatite. Decomposition of phengite is also signi?cant for hard rock lithium deposits, whereas orogenic belt resulted from plate subduction promote the formation of Li brine deposits. Cretaceous red bed basins near the Nanling region are favorable for Li brines. Both Mo and Re are enriched in the oxidationreduction cycle during surface processes, and may get further enriched once Mo-, Re-enriched sediments are subducted and involved in magmatism. During plate subduction, Mo and Re fractionate from each other. Molybdenum is mainly hosted in porphyry Mo deposits and to a less extent, porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas Re is predominantly hosted in porphyry Cu-Mo deposits and sedimentary sul?de deposits.     

Cloning, expressing, and hemolysis of tdh, trh and tlh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

Porosity, Dispersivity, and Contaminant Transport in Groundwater

Porosity (n) and Dispersivity (D) were modeled in relation to Solute Transport Time (t) in a saturated, homogeneous, isotropic, unconfined aquifer using the MOC model. It was noted that n and D have an important influence on solute transport time t in groundwater, with a consistently strong and direct relationship between n, D, and t. In the case of porosity, the relationship was found to be directly related to t when other aquifer properties remained unchanged. This was also mathematically argued using a form of the flow equation put forward by Henry Darcy (1856). Dispersivity on the other hand had somehow the same relationship with solute transport time t as porosity, but with much less effect. That is, higher dispersions lead to longer solute transport time within the aquifer system. This was because as the individual solute particles set off from the average seepage velocity, they traversed through longer distances due to tortuosity, mechanical mixing, diffusion, and microscopic heterogeneity latent in the porous media. Also when n and D were co- treated over t, n was noted to be dominant over D with regard t. This follows that the effect of porosity on solute transport time far out shadowed that of dispersivity. Stated in other words, the dispersivity of a substance in any porous medium is to a large extent a function of the porosity of that medium.     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA

1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…     

Requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis O'sbeck for potassium,sodium, magnesium and iodine

Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis were studied. Orthogonal design was employed in this experiment. The composition of the basal diet consisted of fish meal, peanut cake, corn meal, soybean cake, wheat bran, vitamin mix and mineral mix, and supplementations of potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine in the basal diet were made according to the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal table. The results indicated that iodine supplementation improved growth of the shrimp significantly and raised survival very significantly, iodine requirement of the shrimp was 0.003%; sodium requirement was 0.87% or less; and that 1.1–1.3% potassium and 0.18–0.38% magnesium in the diet were proper nutrition supplements for the shrimp. Contribution No. 2342 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.