伽师地震与区域断层活动研究

利用GPS、连续倾斜和地震活动性资料分析了伽师地区构造活动的特点和伽师强震群的动力背景，结果表明：在印度洋板块的挤压下，塔里木盆地的右旋腑冲运动是造成南天山区地震活动的主要原因；1996年3月19日伽师阿图什6．7级地震，强烈地影响了该地区块体由向西南倾斜转向北向倾斜，并可能成为诱伽师地区强震群活动的主要动力因素，利用1998年和1999年对该地区GPS测量的结果，给出了该地区断层活动的水平。     

汶川Ms8.0地震前的地面运动排列熵变化

将排列熵理论引入地震学领域,采用四川地震台网22个地震台的数据,每小时计算一个垂直分量排列熵值,研究汶川M_S8.0地震前地面运动排列熵的时空变化特征,试图提取与地震的孕育和发生有关的信息。结果显示,震前22 h内,震中附近形成一个排列熵高值区,这个高值区与位于龙门山断裂系北侧的高值区显示出此消彼长的态势;震中东侧的低值区在南北方向拉伸运移,并在震中东北侧向西北方向分叉凸出,汶川地震就发生在新的高值区和低值区陡变部位。结合其他学者的研究结果认为,这些现象很可能与汶川地震的发生有关联。基于地面运动排列熵的时空变化特征推测,这次地震不仅是巴颜喀拉块体与四川盆地对抗的结果,处于龙门山断裂系北侧的鄂尔多斯块体的运动也参与了此次地震的孕育和发生。     

青海门源6.4级地震兰新高铁沿线强震数据分析

基于2016-01-21青海门源6.4级地震,通过分析高铁沿线台站强震数据的峰值加速度、峰值速度和仪器烈度值表明,将实时仪器烈度值作为高铁地震监控系统的报警参数受场地条件影响较小。利用沿线台站近高铁和远高铁监测点的谱比值来解释局部复杂场地条件对峰值加速度的影响,通过比较台站计算与设计的反应谱来预测高铁地震台站附近的桥梁震害情况。     

Analysis of the stability and seismic behavior of the geosynthetic-reinforced embankments under earthquake

The stability and seismic behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments during the earthquake is not well known.In this paper,the damage types of embankments were summarized,and the seismic stability of reinforced embankment were analyzed through an earthquake damage investigation in the Wenchuan earthquake region.Then,large-scale shaking table model tests were performed on the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment.The results show that the damage level of the reinforced embankment was almost less than that of the unreinforced embankment.The peak seismic earth pressure was nonlinear along the height of the embankment,the largest peak seismic earth pressure was roughly in the middle of the embankment slope.The peak ground accelerations(PGA)amplification factor first showed an increasing pattern and then a decreasing pattern with the increase of elevation,but there was a final increasing trend along the height of the reinforced embankment.The results can help to establish the proper design of the reinforcement embankments under earthquake conditions.     

地震烈度应急遥感评估研究与应用进展

地震烈度是地震引起的地面震动及其影响强弱程度的度量。地震烈度在地震区划、建筑物与生命线工程抗震设计、灾害防御等方面具有广泛的应用。震后评定的地震烈度图是地震应急救援、恢复重建等的主要依据之一,因此,震后快速确定地震烈度具有重要救灾与减灾意义。本文在论述地震应急及其对遥感应用需求的基础上,回顾了遥感技术及其在地震应急研究与应用中的发展历程,概述了中国地震应急遥感应用的基本思路、地震灾害和地震烈度遥感定量评估方法,展示了该方法在巴楚-伽师地震、汶川地震、玉树地震、芦山地震、鲁甸地震等震后实际应急应用效果。最后,指出了目前震害遥感定量评估中存在的问题,并展望了未来震害遥感定量评估研究与应用。     

基于RS与GPS的汶川地震路基路面震害损毁调查——以都汶公路为例

文章以都汶公路为例,利用遥感解译技术快速获取地震诱发山地灾害类型及其对公路造成的严重损害类型,利用GPS对公路损毁灾害点准确定位,获得路基路面直接震害类型信息,同时对山地灾害遥感判识结果进行检验。通过分析认为公路沿线岩体岩性以及风化破碎程度的不同,对公路产生的损毁程度不相同;路基破坏程度与距离震中和断裂带的远近有密切关系;路基下方护坡的破坏与所处边坡的坡度有关;崩塌滑坡产生大量松散固体物质,雨季到来之后,极易暴发大规模泥石流,需要注意并防范泥石流对行车安全和道路交通的影响。     

2014-11-22康定MS6.3地震加速度记录的时频分析与震害特征

采用一种基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）的HHT方法提取康定M_S6.3地震强震记录的时频特性,通过对各台站获取的强震动加速度记录进行EEMD和Hilbert变换及谱分析,并与Fourier变换进行对比研究。结果表明,对于非线性的强震记录,采用EEMD能有效抑制EMD中存在的模态混叠问题。康定震区震害调查结果发现,“崩科”藏式建筑房屋表现出的震害特征较严重。通过Hilbert边际谱分析可以看出,震区台站主频集中在10 Hz左右,瞬时能量谱高频段信息较为丰富,而藏式建筑较差的抗震性也是造成震区“崩科”藏式结构房屋表现出震害偏重的重要原因。     

青藏块体东北缘地壳运动与孕震特征

为了探索昆仑山口西Ms8．1大震后青藏块体东北缘中强地震相对活跃的原因，利用近几年来的GPS观测资料，用有限元方法研究了该区的水平运动变形与孕震特征，结合其它成果分析得到：1)昆仑大震对青藏块体东北缘的运动变形产生相当影响，对其西部的影响亦很大；2)差异运动强烈区域发生中强地震的危险性较高，压性区可能是应变能积累的反映，而张性区的出现及规模可能是大震发生紧迫性及震级大小的反映；3)研究区的西部地区近年来一直是应变能积累较快的地区，从区域变形特征与强震的对应关系看，近一两年发生中强地震的危险性仍然很大。     

大别山及其周边现今垂直形变研究

基于1980年、2005年和2015年3期区域精密水准网观测资料,利用线性动态平差模型计算获取大别山地区水准网长期垂直运动速度场图像。研究发现,淮河平原地表下沉较为严重,大别山呈现弱隆升趋势运动,长江谷地边缘地区较大别山区呈现明显的隆升运动。跨郯庐断裂带水准剖面结果显示,垂直运动与地形呈负相关和弱相关。     

邯郸地区主要断裂库仑破裂应力模拟与地震危险性分析

首先基于粘弹性有限元模型,结合邯郸地区活动断裂探测、历史强震数据及区内岩石圈介质分布,建立三维粘弹性有限元断层模型;然后代入运动学特征边界条件,模拟目标区活动断裂上发生地震引起的应力应变场变化;最后计算1830年磁县地震引起的周围断裂面和滑动方向上产生的库仑破裂应力变化,分析未来目标区强震危险性。根据实际地质情况和现今运动学条件模拟出的模型结果显示,磁县断裂上1830年磁县地震震中附近库仑应力减小,表明磁县断裂活动减小了1830年磁县地震震中附近的地震危险性;但在磁县断裂中、西段两端与2条北东向断裂（紫山西断裂和太行山山前断裂）交接处附近库仑应力有所加强,未来该地区的地震危险性值得关注。     

Seismic deformation and seismic resistance analysis of Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete Arch Dam based on field monitoring and dynamic finite element method

Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th,2008.The seismic damage to the dam and the resistance of the dam has drawn great attention.This paper analyzed the response and resistance of the dam to the seismic wave using numerical simulations with comparison to the monitored data.The field investigation after the earthquake and analysis of insitu data record showed that there was only little variation in the opening size at the dam and foundation interface,transverse joints and inducing joints before and after the earthquake.The overall stability of the dam abutment resistance body was quite good except a little relaxation was observed.The results of the dynamic finite element method(FEM) showed that the sizes of the openings obtained from the numerical modeling are comparable with the monitored values,and the change of the opening size is in millimeter range.This study revealed that Shapai arch dam exhibited high seismic resistance and overload capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake event.The comparison of the monitored and simulated results showed that the numerical method applied in this paper well simulated the seismic response of the dam.The method could be useful in the future application on the safety evaluation of RCC dams.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION RELATED TO Ms8.1 KUNLUNSHAN EARTHQUAKE

1　IntroductionTheBogedabanapexofKunlunmountainanditsneighborhoodregionlocatedattheboundaryofXinjiangandQinghaiprovinceswerehitbyaMs8.1earthquakeonNovember 1 4,2 0 0 1 .ThisisthestrongestearthquakewithmagnitudebiggerthanMs8.0inmainlandChinasinceacomparableearth quakehappenedinDangxiongofTibetonNovember1 8,1 95 1 .TheepicenterdeterminedbyChineseseismicnetworkislocatedatN36.2°,E90 .9°,40 0kilometersawayfromRuoqiangcountyofXinjiangprovinceand 35 0kilometersfromGolmudcityre spectively.Mea…     

利用两种模型对宁夏及邻区尾波 Q 值进行对比研究

分别利用Aki模型和Sato模型,选取2008年1月-2009年12月宁夏地震台网记录的ML≥2.0地震的数字地震波资料,计算了宁夏及邻区平均尾波Q值,并拟合了Q值对频率的依赖关系.结果为:Aki模型为Q(f)=(212±87.62)f0.7584±0.19;Sato模型为Q(f)=(44.81±15.87)f0.9491±0.0805.与国内其他区域相比,两种模型计算结果均显示本区域Q值较低,对频率依赖性较高.研究结果认为两种模型均适合对宁夏及邻区尾波Q值的研究.     

珙县低山区不同震源作用下斜坡地震动响应

在宜宾市珙县五同村布设斜坡地震动监测仪器,采集兴文县3.1级、珙县4.5级及长宁县4.6级地震数据。对监测剖面上1^#、2^#监测点采集到的珙县余震地震动响应数据进行滤波和校正处理,对比分析震级、高程、方位等因素对斜坡造成的地震响应后认为：1）当地震波的半波长与山体某些特定部位之间的距离接近时,斜坡地形与地震波的波峰产生耦合作用,地形放大效应显著,达到参考点的2.765倍,此处山体更容易产生较大幅度的摇晃,造成山体地质灾害;2）分析珙县4.5级与长宁县4.6级地震得出,当地震波沿特殊部位（如山脊等）传播时,地震加速度及阿里亚斯强度更加显著;3）分析地震加速度变化得出,在地震荷载作用下,随着震级的增大,斜坡的加速度响应也会增大;4）随着高程和震级的变化,监测点的地震加速度和阿里亚斯强度随之变化,高程和震级对斜坡的地震动响应具有放大效应;5）在高程和微地貌的耦合作用下,斜坡地震加速度也具有明显的放大效应。     

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?????????????κ?InSAR????????????????????????????????????PSGRN/PSCMP???????????????????????Ms7.1???????????????????α????????????1)???????????????????????????????????????λ??仯????????????????α????????2)????????????????仯??????????????????λ?????Χ???????????????仯???Χ??3)???????????????￡?????????????????????????????仯?????????????????????????????????????????????仯?????????????????????????仯?????????????????????仯??     

Rockfall seismic features analysis based on in situ tests:frequency,amplitude, and duration

In the seismic event classification,determining the seismic features of rockfall is significantly important for the automatic classification of seismic events because of the huge amount of raw data recorded by seismic stations in continuous monitoring. At the same time, the rockfall seismic features are still not completely understood.This study concentrates on the rockfall frequency content, amplitude(ground velocity), seismic waveform and duration analysis, of an artificial rockfall test at Torgiovannetto(a former quarry in Central Italy). A total of 90 blocks were released in the test, and their seismic signals and moving trajectories were recorded by four tri-axial seismic stations and four cameras, respectively. In the analysis processing,all the artificial rockfall signal traces were cut separately and the seismic features were extracted individually and automatically. In this study, the relationships between a) frequency content and impacted materials, b) frequency content and the distance between block releasing position and seismic station(source-receiver distance) were discussed. As a result, we found that the frequency content of rockfall focuses on 10-60 Hz and 80-90 Hz within a source-receiver distance of 200 m, and it is well correlated with impacted material and source-receiver distance. To evaluate the difference between earthquake and rockfall, 23 clear earthquake signals recorded in a seven month-long continuous seismic monitoring, carried out with the four seismic stations, were picked out, according to the Italian national earthquakes database(INGV). On these traces we performed the same analysis as in the artificial rockfall traces, and two parameters were defined to separate rockfall events from earthquake noise. The first one, the amplitude ratio, is related to the amplitude variation of rockfall between two stations and is greater than that of earthquakes, because of the higher attenuation occurring for rockfall events, which consists in high frequencies whereas for earthquakes it consists in low frequencies. The other parameter, the shape of waveform of signal trace, showed a significant difference between rockfall and earthquake and that could be a complementary feature to discriminate between both. This analysis of artificial rockfall is a first step helpful to understand the seismic characteristics of rockfall, and useful for rockfall seismic events classification in seismic monitoring of slope.     

2015年塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的InSAR观测及其构造意义

利用欧空局提供的Sentinel-1A卫星差分干涉数据为约束,对2015-12-07塔吉克斯坦MS7.4地震的震源机制进行反演。首先运用两轨法对卫星雷达影像进行差分干涉处理,获取覆盖塔吉克斯坦地震震区的同震形变场,然后运用分布式滑动模型反演获取较精细的断层滑动分布。结果显示,分布式滑动模型与观测结果有很高的拟合度。反演结果表明,发震断层以左旋走滑运动为主,此次地震断层的最大滑移量为4.42 m,同震的地震矩为73.71×1018 Nm,矩震级为MW7.19,与震后USGS、GCMT、IPGP等机构给出的震源机制解结果一致,是在具有左旋走滑运动特征的显著构造背景下的一次正常、必然的破裂事件。     

沿山脊走向长输油气管道强震动力响应特征

沿山脊走向的长输油气管道在我国西部山区常有分布,强震作用下其动力响应直接关系到管道的安全运营,实际管道工程建设中亟需相关研究结果提供指导。依托云南玉溪龙马槽村段此类输油管道工程,考虑山坡的工程地质特征,对管道与坡体进行整体三维数值建模,采用有限差分方法FLAC3D进行数值模拟,基于汶川地震波,计算得到了水平地震加速度峰值、震后等典型时刻的管道位移、轴力、剪力和弯矩及坡体稳定性等地震动力响应特征。结果表明,管道内力最大值出现于震后时刻,地震作用使管道轴力达到较高水平,而剪力与弯矩值的量级仅占最大轴力的约1%;竖向地震波对管道内力影响较小,管道受力的不利部位出现在其与断层交界附近。地震过程中管道水平方向存在较多的弹性变形,竖向则存在较多的塑性变形,管道累计变形是影响其内力的主要因素,管道内力最大值出现于震后时刻。      

岷县-漳县M6.6地震前后的形变范数变化特征

采用分布在南北地震带上10个洞体应变台的观测资料,基于小波分解和范数计算,提取2013-07-22甘肃岷县-漳县M6.6地震前异常信息。结果表明,除肃南台外,其余9个台均出现震前异常信息,昭通台、小庙台最早出现异常,在2013-06初（约在震前50 d）,距震中最近的宕昌台在7月初出现异常。结合其他学者的研究,对异常信息特征进行讨论认为,这次地震与南北地震带东侧块体自南向北运动有密切关系,而震后的形变传递过程是一个反向过程。同时也证明,用范数计算方法提取震前形变异常是简单、有效和可靠的。