综合物探方法在不稳定斜坡地质灾害勘察中的应用研究

不稳定斜坡体地形复杂、坡度大,表层土、石混杂,下部岩石裂隙发育,探测难度大,缺乏有效的物探手段精确圈定不稳定斜坡体的分布位置及空间赋存状态。用超高密度电法和微动探测相结合,推断了不稳定斜坡的范围及空间赋存状态。工程实地勘查表明,综合物探方法具有较高的可靠性,为地质灾害的治理打下了良好的基础。     

可控源音频大地电磁法在平阴县地质灾害调查中的应用效果

可控源音频大地电磁新方法在济南市平阴县安城乡东凤凰村地裂缝调查中发挥了重要作用,物探成果异常明显,推测了与地裂缝形成有关的隐伏断层产状,分析了地裂缝成因,据野外实地调查和访问,物探推测成果符合事实。该法在地质灾害调查等工程物探领域值得推广应用。     

济南市南部山区水井北村滑坡成因机制及稳定性研究

2019年8月,济南市南部山区水井北村发生滑坡地质灾害。根据水井北村滑坡的地质背景,针对性布置物探、钻探等勘查手段,研究滑坡工程地质特征,分析水井北村滑坡类型及发生的地质成因机制;采用刚体极限平衡分析法,研究水井北村滑坡整体稳定性。研究认为断裂发育、岩层风化、地势、浅层含水层受降雨影响,是水井北村地质灾害点具备滑坡发生的内在条件。降雨和泉水入渗、耕植等行为是滑坡发生的外在条件。水井北村山体滑坡在天然条件下,稳定系数平均值为1.033,整体属欠稳定状态。暴雨状态下,稳定系数平均值为0.903,坡体处于不稳定状态。     

高密度电法在老山隧道勘察中的应用

应用高密度电阻率法勘察宁淮高速公路南京老山隧道工程,查明了隧道YK5 280~ZK5 540段的地层分布和构造特征,并推断出鹰嘴山断层的位置和产状,结合勘察资料证明该断层为高角度逆断层。预测出隧道和断层破碎带相交处为浅部裂隙岩溶含水带中的优良导水带,该处涌水的可能性很大,其推断结果在施工中得到证实。说明高密度电法是进行隧道勘察和构造裂隙岩溶富水带探测的一种可靠手段。     

定海—朱家尖海峡大桥工程选址评析

本文介绍在定海—朱家尖海峡大桥选址阶段,采用工程地球物理的浅地层剖面法和多次覆盖水上浅地震勘查,取得良好的块质效果,为朱家尖海峡大桥选址提供了科学的地质依据。     

铜矿岭不稳定斜坡类型识别与工程地质分区

高速公(铁)路路基、隧道和桥梁工程等常常因地质灾害的存在而影响正常使用, 尤其是类型不明的不稳定斜坡, 明确地质灾害类型是影响不稳定体治理方案的首要任务。以宜巴高速公路铜矿岭不稳定斜坡为研究对象, 采用野外地质调查、工程地质分析和监测数据分析的方法, 判明了铜矿岭不稳定斜坡类型。野外调查结果表明该不稳定斜坡上部为残坡积物, 下部为反倾结构的粉砂岩; 结合位移监测数据, 判定该不稳定斜坡变形存在多个剪切滑移带, 但主要分布于松散堆积物内部, 综合判定该不稳定斜坡为深层蠕动变形体; 依据变形大小和变形方向变化特点, 最后将该变形体分为两个大区, Ⅱ区又可细分为2个小区, 并指出Ⅱ₂区是未来防治的关键部位。研究成果为该不稳定斜坡后续治理设计提供了地质依据, 证明传统的工程地质调查、分析与位移监测相结合是开展不稳定体类型判识, 确定边界范围的有效手段。      

蓬莱阁丹崖山安全监测与分析

丹崖山边坡稳定性是关系古文物蓬莱阁安全的关键问题。丹崖山边坡高差大、断层裂隙发育、岩体卸荷深度大,地质条件十分复杂,边坡在施工期和运行期的稳定性问题特别突出。该文介绍了丹崖山岩体加固后的监测布置,并对岩体表面变形趋势、空间分布形态、加固后变形趋势进行分析,通过对多点位移计、锚杆测力计、锚索测力计、表面裂缝计及地表变形等监测结果进行综合分析,得到边坡岩体的变形规律。     

Distribution and Characteristics of Hazardous Geological Features in the Marine Coastal and Offshore Areas of Zhejiang Province,East China Sea

Newly acquired high-resolution shallow seismic profiles(7069 km in length) in the coastal and offshore areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, China, have revealed eight marine hazardous geological features: shallow gas, sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, irregular bedrock features, underwater shoals, buried paleo-channels, and submarine deltas. Based on the seismic profiles, we have constructed a marine geological map of these hazardous features. Shallow gas accumulations are common and occur mainly in two separate nearshore regions that cover 4613 and 3382 km~2 respectively. There are also scattered shallow gas accumulations in the offshore area, typically accompanied by paleo-channels that occur mainly in the middle of the study area. Sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, and irregular bedrock features are found mainly in the northeast of the study area in association with each other. In the southeastern part of the study area, the sand ridges have a linear form and trend NW–SE, representing the western part of the linear sand ridges in the East China Sea. The maximum slope gradient is 1?, which suggests that this area is prone to landslides. These hazardous marine geological features are important to marine and engineering activities in this region.     

Using LIDAR and ground truth for landslide recognition and characterization of geotechnical and morphological parameters in sedimentary rocks,a case study in Northern Bavaria (Germany)

The use of LIDAR-derived shaded relief maps led to the identification of all potential landslide areas in a hilly region in Northern Bavaria (1590 km²), Germany. Every possible structure was investigated by field investigation which resulted in a detailed database of 1002 landslides within the study area. The analysis of geological, lithological, topographical and morphological properties (spatial ratio, lithological and geological setting, length/width distribution, material properties and slope angle) revealed characteristic appearances of the landslides and possible relationships between different aspects. Strong relations between the lithological setting, spatial ratio of the mapped landslides and distribution of slope angle could be observed. This study shows the value of high-resolution shaded relief maps for detecting and mapping landslides in a large area with comparatively little work and time in comparison to the traditional approach to mapping. It reveals that many landslides were not known before. Landslides are much more common in Northern Bavaria and have a higher influence on the denudation rate of the Franconian Alb than expected before.     

一种基于地球物理数据格网的三维地质填图方法及其实现

地球物理方法（重力、地震、电法等）是地质调查及填图工作中的重要手段。相对于二维地质填图,三维地质填图/建模更迫切地需要借助地球物理数据来获取大量与深度有关的地质信息,因此本文提出了一种基于地球物理数据的地质体三维填图方法。首先,将不同地球物理手段所获取到的数据格网进行可视化建模综合;然后,在有限的地质采样约束下进行解释并直接映射为地质三维模型。实践证明,该方法自动化程度较高,并能在地质调查工作中针对性地解决一些地球物理资料较丰富而地质采样相对匮乏的三维地质填图问题。此外,它也可应用于传统三维地质填图工作中,以极大地提高地球物理数据处理效率。     

黑方台地区崩塌灾害发育类型和发育机制分析

以甘肃省永靖县黑方台地区实地调查为基础,通过野外勘察黄土崩塌变形破坏特征及总结地质现象,并结合数据统计分析进行研究,得出黑方台地区崩塌地质灾害的分布特点,并且发现凸型和阶梯型坡面更容易发生崩塌灾害。崩塌发育因素可分为2方面,一方面是自然因素,包括地形地貌,地层构造和水文地质条件;另一方面是人为因素,主要是人类工程活动。天然条件下,斜坡在自重或其他因素作用下,后缘黄土垂直节理或裂隙受拉张作用力开始破裂,并向深部扩展,随着水流下渗,逐渐形成贯通面,潜在崩塌体中心外移,最终形成崩塌。黑方台地区崩塌灾害按崩塌物质成分分为黄土崩塌和基岩崩塌2类,按崩塌发生的主控因素分为自然型崩塌、人为型崩塌和人为—自然复合型崩塌3类,而大量的节理裂隙发育是发生崩塌灾害的内在因素。通过野外调查,根据动力形成机制分析,在自然因素和人为因素影响下,将黑方台地区崩塌形成方式分为4种,并阐述其发育机制。     

An application of marine geomagnetic survey to shallow sea engineering geology

A marine geomagnetic survey was conducted over Red Bay, a broad shallow sea area in the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula, to obtain geological information to meet the needs of an underwater engineering project. Analyses of magnetic data revealed the fault structure of the bedrock and differences in lithology. At the proposed offshore dam site, the magnetic survey results indicated the position of faults which have since been confirmed by other geophysical surveys.     

高密度电阻率法在废弃矿山滑坡灾害勘察中的应用

高密度电阻率法是一种成熟的工程物探方法,广泛应用于地质灾害调查。废弃矿山在不良天气条件下容易产生滑坡地质灾害。对由废弃渣石、杂填土人工堆积形成的滑坡体进行勘察,研究高密度电阻率法在该环境下的勘察效果。通过对视电阻率反演断面图分析,推断滑动面深度、滑床起伏形态等滑坡体地质结构信息,为废弃矿山滑坡灾害治理设计提供依据。钻探验证表明,高密度电阻率法有效的推断出滑坡体滑动面深度、滑床起伏形态信息,可用于废弃矿山滑坡灾害勘察。     

Pre-stressed anchoring beam technique applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes

During the construction of some large-scale rock engineering, high-steep slopes and insufficient slope stability induced by unloading fissures are often encountered. For the reinforcement of these slopes, some techniques (including conventional pre-stressed anchoring cable and unconventional anchoring hole) are usually utilized, however, having several obvious defects. Thus, it is very difficult for a designer to design an efficient reinforcement scheme for the high-steep slopes. For this reason, the authors develop the pre-stressed anchoring beam technique, in which tensile capacity of pre-stressed structures are fully utilized. It is analyzed that the new technique is characterized by multi-functions, including engineering investigation, efficient reinforcement, drainage, monitoring and urgent strength supplement, and hoped to be extensively applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes.     

Pre-stressed anchoring beam technique applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes

During the construction of some large-scale rock engineering, high-steep slopes and insufficient slope stability induced by unloading fissures are often encountered. For the reinforcement of these slopes, some techniques （including conventional pre-stressed anchoring cable and unconventional anchoring hole） are usually uti- lized, however, having several obvious defects. Thus, it is very difficult for a designer to design an efficient reinforcement scheme for the high-steep slopes. For this reason, the authors develop the pre-stressed anchoring beam technique, in which tensile capacity of pre-stressed structures are fully utilized. It is analyzed that the new technique is characterized by multi-functions, including engineering investigation, efficient reinforcement, drainage, monitoring and urgent strength supplement, and hoped to be extensively applicable in the reinforcement of high-steep slopes.     

层序格架约束下的地质统计学反演在薄砂体预测中的应用

西湖凹陷砂岩储层具有砂体厚度薄、砂泥互层发育以及横向变化快的特点，传统的地球物理方法很难精细地刻画砂体空间分布。将层序地层学与地质统计学反演相结合，在建立等时地层格架的基础上，构建相应的地球物理模型，在正确的沉积学理论指导下，对西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带平湖组砂岩储层开展砂体的时空分布预测研究。研究结果表明，平湖组可划分出3个三级层序，下部砂体单层厚度较大，横向连续性好，平面连片发育；中部以泥岩为主，砂体孤立发育，连续性差；上部砂体增多，单层厚度较薄，横向连续性好。结合钻井实际资料分析表明，砂体预测结果垂向分辨率可以达到1~2 m。地质统计学反演有效解决了西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带薄层砂体识别的难题，可为研究区有利储层预测提供重要支撑。      

基于GIS的地质灾害易发区划分与评价研究

分析了地质灾害形成条件、诱发因素,将灾点分布密度、斜坡坡度、斜坡坡型、斜坡坡高、河流冲刷、岩土体条件、人类活动等七个因素作为地质灾害易发程度评价指标,利用层次分析法计算出各评价因子的权重。基于GIS将评价因子进行量化,得到了各评价指标归一化图,根据各评价指标的权重,利用空间叠置分析功能将所有评价指标进行叠加分析计算,得到地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区的分级结果。分级结果极大地方便了地方政府相关部门防灾减灾工作,为地质灾害防治提供了决策依据。     

工程物探在S244省道K9+500～K10+100采空区的应用

山东省S244省道K9+500～K10+100段存在较严重的采空塌陷隐患,如何准确查清采空区的空间分布特征,对于道路的安全运营非常重要。根据以往类似工程经验,采用单一的物探方法,在准确探测采空塌陷形状、埋深等空间分布特征时存在较大难度,工程钻探可以比较直观的揭露采空塌陷的情况,但需要施工大量钻孔,在经济、时间等方面不可取,综合采用多种物探方法是一种准确有效的工作方法。以该工程为例,通过采用浅层地震反射波法和高密度电阻率法等工程物探方法,准确查明了该路段采空区空间分布特征,并通过比较直观的工程钻探对上述方法进行验证,效果良好。     

Gold resources potential assessment in eastern Kunlun Mountains of China combining weights-of-evidence model with GIS spatial analysis technique

Resources potential assessment is one of the fields in geosciences,which is able to take great advantage of GIS technology as a substitution of traditional working methods.The gold resources potential in the eastern Kunlun Mountains,Qinghai Province,China was assessed by combining weights-of-evidence model with GIS spatial analysis technique.All the data sets used in this paper were derived from an established multi-source geological spatial database,which contains geological,geophysical,geochemical and rem...     

Application of artificial slope stability evaluation of improved response surface method in Donggang Power Plant

The study of artificial slope stability has been a key item of geological engineering projects． Though more evaluation methods are available,result of stability evaluation simulation does not explain the actual prob- lem owing to the diversified geological engineering factors and complexity． The author made a detailed study based on surveys of large amount of geological engineering research on Donggang Power Plant slope project,dis- cussed the comprehensive factors influencing the project,and gave analytical calculation and evaluation to the improved response surface of the slope project． The study result shows that the slope is stable,which can pro- vide scientific basis for designing the slope．