An anisotropic cosmological model in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

A spatially-homogeneous and anisotropic-cosmological model in a scalar-tensor theory proposed by Sen and Dunn (1971) is obtained when the source of the gravitational field is a perfect fluid with pressure equal to energy density and the metric is of Bianchi type-I. Various physical properties of the model have also been discussed.     

Inflationary anisotropic phases with bianchi-I cosmic model

This paper is devoted to studying warm anisotropic inflation using modified Chaplygin gas in the context of the Bianchi-I comic model. We investigate the dynamics of the warm intermediate universe model in two distinct regimes, i.e., weak and strong regimes in the context of generalized dissipative coefficient. We formulate solutions of dissipation coefficient, inflaton field, scalar & tensor (S/T) power spectra, spectral index in an environment of slow-roll approximation to discuss the existence of warm weak and strong inflation and checked their viability in view of 2018 Planck data. It is seen through graphical representation that the condition for the existence of warm weak inflation is preserved only for $z=0$ and $z=1$ whereas in the case of the strong dissipative regime, the compatibility is achieved for $z=3$. The corresponding decay rates and the S/T are found to be consistent with the current observations.     

Cosmological vacuum solutions in Brans and Dicke's scalar-tensor theory

The exact cosmological vacuum solutions of Brans and Dicke's scalas-tensor theory are derived when a power law is valid between the gravitational constant κ and the radius of curvatureR of the universe. There exist even in the case of the closed 3-dimensional space of positive curvature solutions with increasingR and κ with respect to the age of the universe, whereby the freely available parameter ω of the scalar-tensor theory can take all values greater than −3/2. Such solutions are contrary to Dirac's hypothesis as well as to Einstein-Mach's principle.     

Kaluza-Klein radiating model in a general scalar-tensor theory

A five dimensional Kaluza-Klein space-time is considered in the presence of prefect fluid source in the general scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Nordtvedt (Astrophys. J. 161:1069, 1970) with the help of special law of variation for Hubble’s parameter given by Bermann (Nuovo Cimento 74B:182, 1983). A cosmological model with a negative constant deceleration parameter is obtained in this theory. Some physical properties of the model are also discussed.     

Exact cosmological solutions in the scalar-tensor theory with cosmological constant

Under the assumption of a power-law between the expansion factor of the Universe, and the scalar field (a ⁿ=c=const.) tensor theory with cosmological constant are reduced to quadrature. Several exact solutions are obtained, among them inflationary universes that have barotropic equation of state.     

Exact cosmological solutions in Brans and Dicke's scalar-tensor theory,II

In addition to our previous paper (Dehnen and Obregón, 1971) the exact cosmological solutions of Brans and Dicke's scalar-tensor theory allowing a power law between the gravitational constant and the radius of curvatureR of the universe are sought in case that — in contrast to our previous paper — the initial conditionR(t=0)=0 is avoided. There exist two different types of solutions especially for the closed space of positive curvature and for positive values of the freely available parameter of the scalar-tensor theory. The radius of curvature and also the gravitational constant increase at first with respect to time and decrease after reaching a maximum value, in contradiction to Dirac's hypothesis whereafter the gravitational constant should decrease with time in an expanding universe. The age of the universe following from these solutions is in accordance with the observations.     

Exact cosmological solutions in Brans and Dicke's scalar-tensor theory,I

The exact solution is sought for the cosmological equations of Brans and Dicke's scalar-tensor theory when a power law exists between the gravitational constant and the radius of curvature of the universe. For the space of negative curvature no solution is possible. On the contrary for a closed space the gravitational constant and the radius of curvature increase linearly with respect to the age of the universe. The parameter of the scalar-tensor theory is necessarily negative and can be determined by the present values of the mass-density of the universe, the Hubble-constant and the gravitational constant. The solution has no analogy in Einstein's theory with vanishing cosmological constant, even when the deviations from Einstein's values of the solar relativistic effects are small.     

On stationary axially symmetric solutions of a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

In this paper we obtain the general axially symmetric space-times in scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Sáez and Ballester. The only possible solutions of these space-times in this theory are dust solutions. One of the obtained solutions here has a similar considerations to Van Stockum dust solution. A detailed study of geometric and kinematical properties of the obtained solutions are carried out. Furthermore, closed timelike curves are present in these solutions.     

An inflationary cosmological model in Dunn's scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

The gravitational field equations in Dunn's scalar-tensor theory of gravitation are generalized by including a cosmological constant. The resulting equations are solved for a Robertson-Walker line-element with flat three-space. The solution represents a cosmological model that develops into an inflationary era.     

Five dimensional dark energy model in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

A five dimensional Kaluza-Klein dark energy model with variable equation of state (EoS) parameter and a constant deceleration parameter is presented in Saez and Ballester (Phys. Lett. A 113:467, 1986) scalar-tensor theory of gravitation. Some physical and kinematical properties of the model are also discussed.     

Exact Bianchi type-II vacuum-cosmological model in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

An exact Bianchi type-II vacuum-cosmological model is obtained in the scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Dunn. The behaviour of the model is discussed.     

Bianchi type-VI0 vacuum model in the general scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

The spatially-homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-VI₀ cosmological model is obtained in the Nordtvedt-Barker general scalar-tensor theories of gravitation. Exact solutions of the Nordtvedt-Barker field equations in vacuum are presented and studied.     

Bianchi type-VI0 cosmological model in the general scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

The exact Bianchi type-VI₀ stiff-fluid cosmological model is obtained in the Nordtvedt-Barker general scalar-tensor theory of gravitation. Some properties of the model are discussed.     

An anisotropic cosmological model in Brans-Dicke theory

Solutions of Brans-Dicke field equations are obtained when the source of the gravitational field is a perfect fluid with pressure equal to energy density and the metric is cylindrically symmetric of Marder-type. Various physical and geometrical properties of the model have been discussed. Finally the solutions have been transformed to the original form of Brans-Dicke (1961) theory and then through unit transformation to a general form.     

Bianchi type-V bulk viscous string cosmological model in Saez-Ballester scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

In this paper, a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V cosmological model is considered in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Saez and Ballester (in Phys. Lett. A 113:467, 1986) when the source for energy momentum tensor is a bulk viscous fluid containing one dimensional cosmic strings. The field equations being highly non-linear, we obtain a determinate solution using the plausible physical conditions (i) the scalar of expansion of the space-time is proportional to shear scalar (ii) the baratropic equation of state for pressure and density and (iii) the bulk viscous pressure is proportional to the energy density. It is interesting to observe that cosmic strings do not survive in this model. Some physical and kinematical properties of the model are also discussed.     

Bianchi type-III bulk viscous cosmic string model in a scalar-tensor theory of gravitation

A spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-III space-time is considered in the presence of bulk viscous fluid containing one dimensional cosmic strings in the frame work of a scalar-tensor theory of gravity proposed by Saez and Ballester (in Phys. Lett. A 113:467, 1986). We have obtained a determinate solution of the field equations of this theory, using (i) a barotropic equation of state for the pressure and density and (ii) the bulk viscous pressure is proportional to the energy density. Some physical properties of the model are also discussed.     

Exact self-similar Bianchi II solutions for some scalar-tensor theories

We study how may behave the gravitational and the cosmological “constants”, (G and Λ) in several scalar-tensor theories with Bianchi II symmetries. By working under the hypothesis of self-similarity we find exact solutions for three different theoretical models, which are: the Jordan-Brans-Dicke (JBD) with Λ(?), the usual JBD model with potential U(?) (that mimics the behavior of Λ(?)) and the induced gravity (IG) model proposed by Sakharov and Zee. After a careful study of the obtained solutions we may conclude that the solutions are quite similar although the IG model shows some peculiarities.     

Integral conservation laws in bimetric scalar-tensor theory

We have obtained covariant expressions for conserved 4-momentum and angular momentum in a gravitational field with matter within the framework of the bimetric scalar-tensor theory of gravitation. These quantities are represented as surface integrals, allowing us to calculate their values using only data in the asymptotic region far from the source.Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 167–173, January–March, 1994.     

Inflationary constraints on cosmological field theory

We consider a non-singular scalar field cosmology proposed by Starkovich & Cooperstock, in which the matter- and radiation-dominated eras are preceded by a 'prematter' era characterized by negative pressure and rapid inflation. The form of the scalar potential during this period is of approximately power-law form, and is consistent with COBE and Tenerife data on the spectral index of density perturbations. However, the predicted density contrast is considerably larger than that observed. The theory also violates constraints on the energy at the end of inflation. Prospects for addressing these difficulties are briefly discussed.