渤中坳陷超压-构造活动联控型流体流动与油气快速成藏

渤中坳陷是东营组沉积期及其之后渤海湾盆地沉降-沉积速率最高的地区, 亦是晚期断裂活动最强烈的地区.较高的沉降-沉积速率产生了重要的成藏物质效应: (1) 持续的较快速沉降-沉积使东营组发育较深湖-深湖相泥岩并成熟, 从而使渤中坳陷发育沙河街组和东营组2套有效源岩; (2) 较高的沉降-沉积速率引起的压实不均衡及伴生的源岩快速生烃引起较强的超压, 超压对有机质热演化的抑制作用使沙河街组源岩生、排烃滞后, 从而使沙河街组和东营组在晚期同时保持在较有利的生、排油阶段, 这是渤中坳陷油气资源丰富和油气晚期快速成藏的物质基础.较强的超压和强烈的断裂活动决定了超压-构造活动联控型流体流动, 进而决定了油气幕式快速成藏过程和油气分布: 油气主要富集于新近系, 新构造运动控制油气分布      

渤中坳陷流体包裹体特征及其对成藏研究的意义

通过详细观察渤中坳陷部分钻孔岩心和充分认识坳陷沉积特征,对重点井段进行了流体包裹体的研究。研究表明:渤中坳陷次生流体包裹体主要赋存于石英颗粒的微裂隙、碳酸盐胶结物和方解石脉中,可分为4类:纯液相包裹体、纯气相包裹体、液态+气态包裹体、盐水溶液包裹体。包裹体均一温度的测定显示其主要分为3期:88~100℃、115~140℃和140~155℃,说明渤中地区油气运聚期次至少存在3期。结合埋藏史和热史的资料分析表明,渤中坳陷总的成藏时间较晚,主要运聚期发生在13Ma(馆陶晚期)以来。      

渤中坳陷油气包裹体与油气成藏

含油气盆地中油气包裹体对油气运移、聚集成藏具有示踪作用。应用油气包裹体统计分析表明渤中坳陷油气运移聚集的主要层位为浅部第三系。其中下第三系砂岩中普遍含有两类油气包裹体,即原生油气包裹体和次生油气包裹体,它们分别记录了研究区两次油气运移、聚集成藏过程。次生油气包裹体个体大、分布广、含量明显高于原生油气包裹体,其主要充填分布在次生溶蚀孔隙和裂隙中。均一温度测量、包裹体成分和生物标志化合物分析结果综合表明,次生油气包裹体记录的第二次油气运移是本区最主要的一次油气聚集成藏过程,其油气来源于下第三系湖相泥质烃源岩。结合地质演化特征分析认为,渤中坳陷目前油气勘探的重点应是浅部下第三系地层,而不是深部其它地层。早第三纪晚期构造运动、沉积间断和次生溶蚀孔隙特征研究,以及与之相关储层预测是本区油气勘探获得突破的关键所在。     

渤中坳陷新生代断裂构造特征与油气聚集

渤中坳陷断裂构造有其独有的特征, 这表现在： ①郯庐断裂带表现出明显的分带性, 负花状构造发育。②坳陷主体渤中凹陷周围主要断裂断面陡且对断, 使得渤中凹陷成为 “平底锅”式地堑, 而不是中国东部盆地中广泛发育的箕状断陷。③耙式断裂系是渤中坳陷上第三系中广泛发育的一种独特的断裂样式,其特征为断裂密集、断面陡、断距小, 是浅层油气藏的有利聚集场所。坳陷内主要断裂的长期活动控制了烃源岩的发育与分布,促进了油气的垂向运移, 形成了丰富的圈闭类型, 并且对油气的保存条件也有一定的影响。总的来说, 断裂带是渤中坳陷有利的油气聚集带。     

渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷油气晚期成藏的流体包裹体证据

本文主要采用油气地球化学和包裹体分析技术,研究了渤中坳陷蓬莱19-3和渤中25-1二类油气田的油气成藏特征.指出两处明化镇组和馆陶组等浅层油气藏均为晚期(第四纪)形成,为相对连续的二期充注,早期注入的原油普遍遭受降解,之后注入的油相对较轻,成熟度较高.渤中25-1深层沙河街组油气藏为二-三期运聚成藏,中新世为主要成藏期,上新世末-第四纪时受区域新构造运动的影响,油气藏发生调整,油气藏中的部分油气向浅层运移,同时有较高成熟度的油气注入深部储层.     

渤中坳陷中部地区构造应力场光弹模拟实验研究

在对渤中地区沉积构造详细分析的基础上,明确了其中部地区断裂的分布特征,采用以E44-6101型环氧树脂为基体,顺丁烯二酸酐为固化剂,邻苯二甲酸二丁脂为增塑所配制的材料制成渤中中部地质结构模型,对渤中坳陷中部地区构造应力场进行了光弹实验模拟,再现了近北北东向和近东西向断裂在晚近构造格局下的应力状态及分布。试验证明,在构造应力场的作用下,油气往往由高应力值区向低应力值区迁移,而且渤中地区自新近系以来,最大主压应力方向比较稳定。基于试验结果的分析,对北北东向和近东西向两组断裂在晚近应力场的作用下的构造特征及其对油气的控制作用进行讨论。由于渤中坳陷是中国的油气主要产地,通过研究盆地构造应力场的分布,可为盆地的油气勘探和开发提供依据。     

储层超压流体系统的成因机制述评

储层超压流体系统的基本要素包括压力封闭层、超压流体、岩石骨架和输导通道；由于储层超压系统所处环境的差异，其超压强度可以大于、等于和小于环境的超压强度；超压传递、不均衡压实、裂解气的生成和浮力作用是储层超压形成的重要机制；大多数储层超压是油气聚集的结果；超压释放是超压流体系统内部油气成藏的必要条件，研究储层超压流体系统将更直接地揭示超压盆地中油气运移和聚集的过程。     

济阳坳陷车西地区地层超压的展布特征及成因机制分析

通过研究区剩余压力的纵向和平面展布特征分析,认为车西地区深层普遍存在超压现象,纵向上超压一般出现在2000多米深处,往下开始时剩余压力与深度呈线性关系,随着深度增大,剩余压力值波动较大;在平面分布上,剩余压力等值线呈北东向延伸,与埕南断裂走向基本相同,超压的空间分布与生油洼陷基本一致。结合区域沉积-构造演化对超压的成因进行了分析,认为车西地区超压的形成与区域构造演化中强烈断陷阶段(T6-T2)关系最密切,进入强烈断陷阶段后,车西地区快速沉降,引起地层不均衡压实和有机质生烃作用,是深层超压形成的主要因素。     

渤中坳陷埕北30潜山储层流体包裹体特征与成藏时间研究

流体包裹体研究表明,渤中坳陷潜山构造CB302井奥陶系储层中流体包裹体丰富,主要发育有盐水包裹体与石油包裹体。与石油包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一温度有两组,分别为122￣133℃与130￣140℃,结合石油包裹体特征,认为存在两期油气运聚过程。根据埕北30潜山沉积埋藏史、古地温史及成藏地质背景,推导出这两期油气运聚时间分别出现在5～3Ma与3～1.5Ma。第一期油气可能来源于邻近的黄河口凹陷下第三系沙河街组,烃源岩属局部油气充注;第二期油气来源于渤中坳陷斜坡带东营组二段,对埕北30潜山轻质油油气藏的形成起了主要作用。     

渤南洼陷超压系统划分及结构特征

沾化凹陷的渤南洼陷为富油洼陷, 实测超压出现在沙三、四段, 埋深为2 300~4 200 m。综合大量的地压测试、测井和地质资料, 研究了现今超压分布和超压的测井及地震响应, 对单井、剖面超压发育特征和影响超压结构的地质要素进行了深入分析。超压带内泥岩声波时差偏离正常趋势线, 而泥岩密度没有明显偏低的响应。研究表明:渤南洼陷存在3个超压系统, 上超压系统为浅层沙一段发育的弱超压, 沙三段中下部的强超压构成中超压系统的主体, 下超压系统位于沙四段中;砂质质量分数大于20%的沙二段为常压。超压源层、低渗封隔层和断裂构造带3类地质要素控制着超压幅度和超压结构。泥质源岩产生的多相流体是形成超压系统的物质基础;沙一段压实泥岩、沙三中亚段的互层致密砂岩和泥岩、沙四上亚段的膏盐层作为压力系统封隔层, 对超压系统的形成和分布起到控制作用;断裂具有泄压和封堵双重性, 对地层压力和油气层横向分布具有重要影响。利用地震层速度计算得到了渤南洼陷现今大规模超压系统分布特征的整体认识。     

Fluid Dynamic Field in Bozhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The physical accumulation process of oil and gas, as thenatural nuids buried in the underground, follows the mechanism of fluid flow dynamics (Tao, 19831 Hubbert, 1953,1940). More and more lines of evidence show that the underground fluid dynamics not only controls hydrocarbon expulsionand accumulation directly, but also influences hydrocarbongeneration and preservation. Therefore, this research has beenpursued with great interests by worldwide petroleum geologists(GOng and Yang, 19993 Ye et…     

Late-stage Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Bozhong Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin as Controlled by Neotectonism

Neotectonism occurred intensively in the Bozhong depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, which was reflected vertically by dramatic subsidence and a number of uplifts and laterally by notable fault movements. This particularity has resulted in the special petroleum geological conditions of the Bozhong depression which are different from those of adjacent lands. For example, the source rocks of the Shahejie Formation were overpressured and hydrocarbon generation occurred in the late stage; the Dongying Formation was deeply buried below the hydrocarbon-generating     

歧深地区双超压系统发育特征及油气成藏效应

在钻井实测储层压力(DST)、计算泥岩压力及地震资料解释的基础上,对歧深地区超压体系发育特征、分布规律和成藏效应进行了深入分析,认为歧深地区具有"三层压力结构,两个超压系统"特征。压力结构在纵向上可以划分为常压系统、上部弱超压系统和下部超压系统。超压从东营组开始出现,歧口凹陷中心超压最强,北大港东翼、歧口凹陷及板桥凹陷超压次之。双超压结构对歧深地区油气聚集有明显的控制作用,从而形成了"上油下气"分布格局,由此建立了"双压控藏"模式。     

渤中凹陷深层储层裂隙发育程度实验研究

渤中凹陷作为渤海深层油气勘探最现实的有利区,其资源潜力和勘探前景有待得到进一步验证.由于深部潜山储层地质情况复杂,岩性繁多且差异明显,对深部有效储层类型及分布的研究是渤中地区深层勘探的关键.本文通过对渤中地区太古宇二长花岗岩、片麻状花岗岩、花岗质片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、古生界灰岩以及中生界安山岩6种潜山代表性岩石,开展张应...     

Dynamic Systems of Petroleum Accumulation in the Nanpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

<正>It is significant to distinguish the dynamic systems of petroleum accumulation(DSPA) for the understanding of petroleum accumulation and distribution.According to the formation pressure framework,genetic types of petroleum and characteristics of conduit systems,three dynamic systems of petroleum accumulation were identified in the vertical profile in the Nanpu depression,Bohai Bay basin.The deeper DSPA(including formations Es_3 to Es_2) is a sealed system with high-overpressure and high-mature self-sourced oil.Most of the crude oil in the system accumulated in the periods of late Oligocene(23.5 Ma) and late Pliocene(2.4 Ma).The middle DSPA(including formations Es_1 to Ed_1) is an overpressured half-sealed system with mature or lower-mature self-sourced oil.The accumulation of oil in the system also occurred in the late Oligocene(23.5 Ma) and late Pliocene(2.4 Ma).The shallower DSPA(including formations Ed_2 to Q) is a hydrostatic system with lower-mature aliensourced oil from the middle system.Oil within this system accumulated only in the late Pliocene period.The oil in the shallower system migrated vertically along the faults from the formerly accumulated oil in the middle system by lateral migration along the sandbodies,whereas petroleum accumulation in the deeper system was mainly derived from the system itself by lateral migration along the sandbodies and rarely migrated out of the system.In this case,it seems that the deeper system is a more potential exploration prospect in addition to the other two proved favorable systems.     

Original Sedimentary Pattern of an Inverted Basin: A Case Study from the Bozhong Depression, Offshore Bohai Bay Basin

The third member of Shahejie Formation(Sha-3 member; 42–38Ma of Eocene) in the Bozhong Depression,offshore Bohai Bay Basin was subject to multiple post-depositional modifications. The present structural framework of the Bozhong Depression,which is characterized by sags alternating with uplifts,does not reflect its original sedimentary pattern. Previous studies have not discussed the post-depositional modification of this succession,including the sedimentary pattern variations and the depositional geodynamic setting. This work determined the characteristics of the post-depositional modification and original sedimentary pattern of the Bozhong Depression through analysis of seismic data,well-log data and fission-track ages. The results demonstrate that the Shijiutuo rise,a major structural feature of the current basin,did not exist during the major depositional stage of the Sha-3 member,when the Qinnan sag was largely connected to the Bozhong sag to form a single contiguous deposition area within the basin. By contrast,the Shaleitian and Chengbei rises,located in the western part of the Bozhong Depression,have existed before the depositional period of the Eocene Sha-3 member; these features were manifested as syn-depositional tilted fault blocks,the uplifted footwall blocks of which provided sediments for the neighboring Shanan and Chengbei sags. The western part of the Bonan low rise,located in the southern part of the Bozhong Depression,did not experience uplifting during the depositional phase of the Eocene Sha-3 member. The Huanghekou sag was connected with the Bozhong sag in the western part of the Bozhong Depression. The original sedimentary boundary of the southern Miaoxi sag possibly extended eastward about 10 km and connected with the Bozhong sag at its northern part. The present-day Bodong low rise,which is bounded by the Tan–Lu fault zone,also formed after the depositional period of Eocene Sha-3 member. It is thus concluded that the Bozhong Depression formed a connected large-scale sub-basin during the depositional stage of the Eocene Sha-3 member. Several neighboring sags that are now separated by rises,including the Qinnan,Shanan,Chengbei,Huanghekou,Miaoxi and Bodong sags,formed a single contiguous depositional area during the Eocene. The significant differences between the present and original basin patter and framework provide valuable information for better understanding the history of basin inversion and its impact on related hydrocarbon-system evolution.     

渤中坳陷大型油气系统输导体系及其对油气成藏控制

渤中坳陷东营组沉积期以来快速沉降和强烈断裂活动的地质背景导致其呈现出不同于渤海湾盆地其他地区的油气成藏特征.凹陷周缘凸起带成为油气聚集的主要场所, 输导体系的分布与演化控制了油气运移和成藏.在阐明渤中坳陷大型油气系统烃源岩和油气分布规律的基础上, 综合利用多种资料分析了各类潜在输导通道的发育特征及其空间配置, 识别出断裂主导型、砂体主导型和不整合主导型3类控藏输导体系.凸起边缘继承性的长期断层充当了垂向流体释放和油气运移的主输导通道, 控制了凸起带上新近系储集层中的油气聚集.特别是在构造活跃期, 开启的长期断层成为油气快速垂向运移的首选通道.古近系沙河街组和东营组的连通性砂体与活跃烃源岩直接接触, 不仅是早期油气运移和聚集的主要场所, 也是晚期油气运移和聚集的始发站.因此, 它们不仅控制了古近系圈闭的油气聚集, 同时在很大程度上直接控制了凸起带新近系圈闭的油气供给.不整合T₈是中生代末区域构造变革的产物, 其渗透性因风化作用而得以提高, 充当了深部侧向油气运移的输导通道, 控制了潜山储集层中的油气成藏.3类输导体系对油气成藏的时间、部位、速率和规模等都具有不同程度的影响, 但断裂主导型输导体系的控制作用最为显著.