Tall building vibration control using a TM‐MR damper assembly: Experimental results and implementation

This paper summarizes the relevant results of the design, construction, testing, and implementation of a nominal 120 kN magnetorheological damper developed to control a free‐plan tall building in Santiago, Chile, equipped with two 160‐ton tuned masses. Cyclic as well as hybrid simulation tests were performed on the prototype damper. Global building responses using measured MR properties showed good correlation with analytical estimations. Also, a proposed physical controller for the MR damper was validated through hybrid and building pull‐back tests. Its performance is essentially equivalent to that of an LQR controller, but the information needed in its implementation is considerably less. Pull‐back tests of 10 cm amplitude were performed on one mass along the flexible edge of the building and its response controlled using the passive and controlled modes of the MR damper. The MR damper was capable of controlling the TM displacements very effectively, as well as the simulated building response for different ground motions and harmonic excitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

逆变型磁流变阻尼器的实验和分析

磁流变液是一种性能优良的智能材料,用其制成的MR阻尼器是一种理想的半主动控制装置。本文提出了一种新型MR阻尼器——逆变型MR阻尼器,给出了逆变型MR阻尼器的设计方法,并设计了一个足尺的阀式逆变型MR阻尼器。实验证明逆变型MR阻尼器阻尼力可调,在电源失效或无电源时能够在大阻尼状态工作,这提高了半主动控制装置在地震中的使用安全性。逆变型MR阻尼器具有良好的可靠性、实用性和经济性。本文最后针对试验中阻尼器出力的可调范围比较小的问题给出了几种改进的思路。     

Experimental verification of torsional response control of asymmetric buildings using MR dampers

This paper proposes a semiactive control system to reduce the coupled lateral and torsional motions in asymmetric buildings subjected to horizontal seismic excitations. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are applied as semiactive control devices and the control input determination is based on a clipped‐optimal control algorithm which uses absolute acceleration feedback. The performance of this method is studied experimentally using a 2‐story building model with an asymmetric stiffness distribution. An automated system identification methodology is implemented to develop a control‐oriented model which has the natural frequencies observed in the experimental system. The parameters for the MR damper model are identified using experimental data to develop an integrated model of the structure and MR dampers. To demonstrate the performance of this control system on the experimental structure, a shake table is used to reproduce an El Centro 1940 N–S earthquake as well as a random white noise excitation. The responses for the proposed control system are compared to those of passive control cases in which a constant voltage is applied to the MR damper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MR阻尼器耦联的带裙房高层建筑的半主动逻辑控制方法

针对MR阻尼器耦联的带裙房高层建筑的特点，提出了一种MR阻尼器耦联的带裙房高层建筑的半主动逻辑控制方法，并用此方法对12层带3层裙房的高层建筑进行了试验控制。结果表明，此种方法简单，工程实现容易。     

可调滞回模型的磁流变阻尼器及其试验

本文在现在磁流变阴尼器性能研究的基础上，提出了可调滞回模型的磁流变阻尼器及其试验方法，并进行理论、试验及算例分析。首先，根据恒定电流下磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力滞力特性，利用磁流变材料特性的电流（即磁场）可控特点，建立了变电流下的阻尼力滞回模型；其次，在中通过电路板控制外加电流与装置变形间的函数关系，实现了变电流调节的阻尼力滞回模型；最后，将磁流变阻尼器与橡胶隔震装置结合，形成智能磁流变隔夺装置，并对一个单自由度隔震结构进行了数值仿真分析。     

Semiactive fuzzy control of the seismic response of building frames with MR dampers

A fuzzy‐logic control algorithm, based on the fuzzification of the MR damper characteristics, is presented for the semiactive control of building frames under seismic excitation. The MR damper characteristics are represented by force–velocity and force–displacement curves obtained from the sinusoidal actuation test. The method does not require any analytical model of MR damper characteristics, such as the Bouc‐Wen model, to be incorporated into the control algorithm. The control algorithm has a feedback structure and is implemented by using the fuzzy‐logic and Simulink toolboxes of MATLAB. The performance of the algorithm is studied by using it to control the responses of two example buildings taken from the literature—a three‐storey building frame, in which controlled responses are obtained by clipped‐optimal control and a ten‐storey building frame. The results indicate that the proposed scheme provides nearly the same percentage reduction of responses as that obtained by the clipped‐optimal control with much less control force and much less command voltage. Position of the damper is found to significantly affect the controlled responses of the structure. It is observed that any increase in the damper capacity beyond a saturation level does not improve the performance of the controller. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁流变阻尼器在受控结构中的优化布置

高层建筑结构中由于地震引起的结构体系的振动是十分严重的,利用磁流变阻尼器进行振动控制的方法可以有效减小体系的振动反应、这种振动控制的效果,不仅取决于阻尼器出力大小和控制算法的优化,也取决于阻尼器在高层结构中的布置位置。首先对近年来出现的许多优化布置方法进行了阐述,论述了这些方法的优缺点,然后选用了一种优化布置方法并结合一个结构体系进行了阻尼器的优化布置研究,最后给出了阻尼器优化布置的几个原则。研究的结果表明通过阻尼器在高层结构中的优化布置可以有效提高振动控制的效果．     

磁流变阻尼器对高层建筑风振舒适度的半主动控制分析

高层建筑风振舒适度的控制是结构抗风设计的一项重要内容。本文提出了磁流变阻尼器对高层建筑风振舒适度控制的一种设计方法。由于加速度是舒适度的判别标准，因此，首先通过对依据现行规范计算和用计算机模拟两种方法下得到的加速度进行比较，进而对模拟的脉动风荷载进行合理的修正，并以此作为抗风设计的依据；其次，根据磁流变阻尼器在不同位置时的控制效果，合理地布置控制装置，在此基础上，通过对加速度的有效控制来满足结构舒适度要求；最后，对磁流变阻尼器的参数进行合理的设计，达到优化的目的。     

基于瞬时最优算法的磁流变阻尼隔震结构半主动控制

采用瞬时最优控制算法，对附加了磁流变阻尼器的多自由度隔震结构进行了半主动控制的数值模拟。首先，将被动隔震装置——叠层钢板橡胶垫与磁流变阻尼器相结合，形成磁流变智能隔震系统。其次，根据瞬时最优控制算法的基本原理，针对磁流变阻尼器的特点，建立与之相适应的半主动控制算法。最后，以六层隔震结构为例，进行数值分析。比较了被动与半主动控制的结构反应，并得到较好的控制效果。     

基于自供电磁流变阻尼器的隔震高架桥半主动控制

为解决结构振动控制的能量源问题,提出了一种新型自供电MR阻尼器智能减振系统。该系统由电磁调节式MR阻尼器、齿条齿轮加速器、永磁电机与控制器组成。基于广泛采用的隔震高架桥两自由度线性模型,定义了位移控制性能评价指标,引入了在汽车悬架系统设计中常用的Sky-hook控制策略,对隔震高架桥的减震性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明:通过优化设计的参数,自供电MR阻尼器的LQR-Clipped半主动控制与Skyhook控制都可以完全达到其相应的采用外部供电的MR阻尼器的控制效果,且接近理想的主动控制结果。     

An experimental study on using MR damper to mitigate longitudinal seismic response of a suspension bridge

In this paper, the seismic response reduction performance of magnetorheological (MR) damper is experimentally investigated for a suspension bridge. First, the force–displacement and force–velocity curves under a range of excitation frequencies, amplitudes and currents are obtained by mechanical behavior test of the RD1097 type MR damper. Then a new non-linear hysteretic model is proposed to model the mechanical behavior of the MR damper and the model parameters are identified from test data. An experimental method, as well as a set of testing setups with the MR damper for longitudinal seismic response reduction of a SDOF generalized system representing the fundamental longitudinal mode of suspension bridge, is developed. Finally, the seismic response reduction experiment subject to three kinds of earthquake excitations, including the Pingsheng Bridge earthquake wave, the El-Centro wave and the Taft wave, is carried out, and nine control cases, including uncontrolled, six passive control schemes with different input currents and two semi-active Bang–Bang control schemes, are tested. The results verify that the seismic response reduction experimental method is feasible and the good performance of seismic longitudinal response reduction of the suspension bridge can be achieved by MR damper. It is also shown that the passive control with optimum input current outperforms the semi-active Bang–Bang controls.     

导管架式海洋平台结构磁流变阻尼隔震的振动台试验

本文针对渤海JZ20-2MUQ导管架式海洋平台,进行比例为1：10的模型结构的振动台试验研究.首先,根据原结构的基本参数,确定试验模型的几何参数,并通过试验结构的扫频分析,确定其基本力学性能以及隔震层的相关设计参数;其次,对模型结构进行数值计算分析,以确定磁流变阻尼器的基本参数;最后,对模型结构进行振动台试验研究,分别考察3种地震作用下的结构反应.试验结果证明：导管架式海洋平台结构的磁流变阻尼隔震方案对于减少导管架结构的振动、平台甲板的加速度和隔震层相对位移是非常有效的.     

无源自适应磁流变阻尼器设计与研究

针对防震、航空航天、野战军械等领域对能源的限制,以及车辆减振中对阻尼器拉压行程不同阻尼力大小的要求,设计制作了一个无源自适应磁流变阻尼器。该阻尼器采用磁致伸缩逆效应及磁流变液的特性,把负载力的变化转化为磁流变液间隙处磁场的变化,解决了常规的磁流变阻尼器需要外配能源装置及控制电路的问题。对该阻尼器进行了建模,并进行了阻尼特性试验,结果表明:试验数据与模型符合得较好,阻尼力大小和负载有关,拉力越大,阻尼力越大,压力越大,阻尼力越小,具有负载自适应的特点,验证了设计的可行性。     

500kN 足尺磁流变液阻尼器设计的关键技术

对我们制作的、目前出力居世界前列的500kN足尺MR阻尼器设计的关键技术、阻尼器的性能试验及力学模型的参数识别进行了研究。在对磁流变液材料的最大屈服剪应力、抗沉降稳定性以及磁滞响应时间等关键性能试验分析的基础上,确认该磁流变液的抗沉降稳定性和其他两项性能指标满足MR阻尼器的设计与工程应用要求。同时,对此500kN足尺MR阻尼器设计的关键技术,包括内置式碟型弹簧蓄能器、磁场防漏设计以及引线保护等进行了介绍;并通过对此MR阻尼器性能的试验,依据阻尼最小二乘法,对MR阻尼器采用的修正的B ingham模型的参数进行了识别,得到了与试验结果吻合的MR阻尼器的力学模型。通过研究可知,高性能磁流变液材料的制备以及MR阻尼器设计的关键技术是大吨位足尺MR阻尼器成功的关键。     

磁流变阻尼器对高层建筑风振反应的半主动控制

本文探讨了磁流变阻尼器在高层建筑风振控制中的应用，在经典线性最优控制理论的基础上，根据磁流变阻尼器的特点，提出了一种新型的半主动控制策略，应有该方法对一40层的钢结构的风振反应进行了计算机模拟，结果表明，采用磁流变阻尼器对高层建筑进行半主动控制的能够有效减小结构的风振反应。     

Actual seismic response controlled building with semi-active damper system

This paper presents the first application of a semi-active damper system to an actual building. The Semi-active Hydraulic Damper (SHD) can produce a maximum damping force of 1000 kN with an electric power of 70 W. It is compact, so a large number of them can be installed in a single building. It is thus possible to control the building's response during a severe earthquake, because a large control force is obtained in comparison with a conventional active control system. This paper outlines the building, the control system configuration, the SHD, the control method using a Linear Quadratic Regulator, the response analysis results of the controlled building, and the dynamic loading test results of the actual SHD. The simulation analysis shows that damage to buildings can be prevented in a severe earthquake by SHD control. The dynamic loading test results of the SHD are reported, which show that the specified design values were obtained in the basic characteristic test. The control performance test using simulated response time histories, also shows that the damping force agrees well with the command. Finally, it is confirmed that the semi-active damper system applied to an actual building effectively controls its response in severe earthquakes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

多自由度减振磁流变阻尼器的设计研究

针对磁流变阻尼器存在的磁流变液体沉淀、结构复杂、阻尼通道设计不尽合理等问题和工程应用中多自由度减振的实际需求,采用阻尼通道的锥形孔结构、平行圆盘缝隙式设计和分体式结构、实现磁流变阻尼器易安装、散热好、效率高和多自由度减振使用的目的.通过台架试验研究,分析了控制电流、激振频率和振幅对阻尼器阻尼特件的影响,结果表明所设计的...     

Simplified seismic analysis of asymmetric building systems

The paper reviews the uncoupled modal response history analysis (UMRHA) and modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure in the analysis of asymmetric structures. From the pushover curves in ADRS format, showing the relationships of base shear versus roof translation and base torque versus roof rotation, a bifurcating characteristic of the pushover curves of an asymmetric structure is observed. A two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) modal stick is constructed using lump mass eccentrically placed at the end of beam which is connected with the column by a rotational spring. By converting the equation of motion of a whole structure into 2DOF modal equations, all of the elastic properties in the 2DOF modal sticks can be determined accurately. A mathematical proof is carried out to demonstrate that the 2DOF modal stick is consistent with the single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) modal stick at elastic state. The bifurcating characteristic of modal pushover curves and the interaction of modal translation and rotation can be considered rationally by this 2DOF modal stick. In order to verify the effectiveness of this proposed 2DOF modal stick, a two‐storey asymmetric building structure was analysed by the UMRHA procedure incorporating this novel 2DOF modal sticks (2DMPA) and conventional SDOF modal sticks (SDMPA), respectively. The analytical results are compared with those obtained by nonlinear response history analysis (RHA). It is illustrated that the accuracy of the rotational response histories obtained by 2DMPA is much better than those obtained by SDMPA. Consequently, the estimations of translational response histories on flexible side (FS) and stiff side (SS) of the building structure are also improved. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滚动FPS和MR阻尼器混合基础动力学模型及仿真

本文中作者将新型双磙子FPS系统的动力学方程推广到由滚动FPS和MR阻尼器组成的混合隔震基础系统,得到了更便于应用的水平分量形式的运动微分方程,并将与FPS有关的力和MR阻尼力处理成力源项,构造了可以方便地考虑不同上部结构形式的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真模型。采用RD-1005型MR阻尼器和模糊逻辑控制器,在两个典型的地震输入情况下对混合系统进行了振动控制仿真。仿真结果表明,本文建立的混合隔震基础系统的动力学模型是正确和精确的,直接利用动力学模型进行前向计算可避免附加的模型误差且计算效率高,而仿真模型中将不同的力源由分开的块组成,使得仿真设计非常方便快捷。