模糊数学在郑州市水资源价值评价中的应用

水资源的价值主要体现在水资源的稀缺性、资源产权及劳动价值等方面。由于影响水资源价值的不确定因素众多,宜采用模糊数学方法进行评价。依据所建立的模糊数学模型,针对郑州市的具体情况选取水质、水资源量、国民生产总值、人口密度作为评价因子,对其水资源价值进行了计算,计算得到郑州市水资源价格为2.11 元/m³。目前郑州市的平均水价为1.28 元/m³,明显偏低,应进行水价改革。     

大同市水资源开发利用存在问题浅析

大同市是全国煤炭能源重化工基地之一，由于水资源量匮乏，制约着城市的经济发展和人民生活水平的提高。水资源量的不足，致使城市有效给水量不足，给水量不足又加深了水资源的强化开采乃至破坏性开采，加之该市在水环境综合消费治理上的落后，产生了一系列有害的环境工程地质问题。本文通过对该市近十年来在水资源开发利用方面的分析及存在问题的探讨，提出了该市今后合理利用水资源的意见和措施。     

京津冀地区可持续发展的主要资源和环境限制性要素评价——基于景观可持续科学概念框架

京津冀地区是我国社会经济发展的重要引擎,及时评估该区域的资源和环境限制性要素,对评价区域可持续性、促进该区可持续发展具有重要意义。鉴于目前对资源和环境限制性要素进行综合评价和分析的研究工作还比较缺乏,基于景观可持续科学概念框架,评估京津冀地区的资源和环境限制性要素。选择了地形、地质环境、水资源、土地资源和大气环境5种限制性要素,利用单要素评价法和多要素综合评价法,对京津冀地区资源和环境限制性要素以及区域本底特征进行了综合评价。在此基础上,划分出生物多样性优先保护区、地质灾害易发区、水资源严重短缺区、大气严重污染区和耕地优先保护区。结果表明,京津冀地区北部地形限制性较高,中部地质环境限制性和水资源限制性较高,而南部以土地资源限制性和大气环境限制性为主。同时,水资源是该地区人口增长和经济发展过程中所要面临的主要限制因素。2010年,在水资源严重短缺区中,人口总量为3 959.27万,城镇人口比例为76.90%,国内生产总值为24 555.66亿元,均高于其他区域。在当前推进京津冀地区协同发展的过程中,应从强可持续性角度出发,充分考虑资源和环境限制性要素,因地制宜地开展土地利用优化工作,保持土地利用方式和管理体制的多样性,促进区域可持续发展。     

水资源资产价格模糊数学综合评价指标体系构建——以黑河中游张掖市为例

针对水资源本身的模糊性和不确定性,基于模糊数学综合评价模型,从水量、水质、人口、社会经济和生态环境5个方面选取18个评价指标,结合AHP法与熵权法确定指标权重,对张掖市2010-2014年的水资源价格进行动态评价,水价计算模糊数学模型由水资源价值评价和水资源价格计算两部分组成.结果表明：采用水资源价值模糊综合指数对水资源价值进行测算,5 a间张掖市水资源模糊综合指数介于水资源价值指数的“中等”与“偏低”之间,说明张掖市水资源价值属于中等偏低;在2010-2014年5 a间水资源价格呈明显上升趋势,核算期初的2010年为2.12元·m^-3,证实了张掖市目前水资源价格偏低,水资源资产价格存在较大的上升空间,而核算期末的2014年最高达4.96元·m^-3.基于熵权与AHP相结合确定权重的水资源价格模糊数学综合评价模型,评价结果更客观合理,为下一步水资产负债表编制中水资产与负债价值核算提供数据支持.     

珠江三角洲水资源可持续利用综合评价分析

按照复合系统理论。水资源可持续利用系统是一个由水资源、社会经济和环境等子系统组成的复合系统．且各子系统包含多个要素。由此，本文构建珠江三角洲水资源可持续利用评价层次结构多指标体系．采用主成分分析法和层次分析法对珠江三角洲水资源可持续利用进行综合评价，评价结果客观地反映了珠江三角洲各地区的水资源可持续利用状况。在评价结果的基础上，对珠江三角洲各地区的水资源可持续利用问题提出了相应的建议。     

合肥市地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价

为查明合肥市地下空间开发地质环境影响因素,评价该市地下空间开发地质环境的适宜性,通过研究地质环境条件,选取工程地质条件、水文地质条件、地壳稳定性、地面及地下空间条件4个要素作为地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价因子.在单因子地下空间开发适宜性评价的基础上,利用层次分析法确定权重,以MAPGIS为平台,运用模糊数学综合评价方...     

基于人水关系的邯郸市水资源承载能力评价

邯郸市是一个水资源极度匮乏的城市,水资源可利用量不足,供需矛盾相当突出。采用近几年邯郸市水资源、人口、经济等相关统计数据,通过水资源基础评价、基于水资源负载指数的水资源开发利用潜力评价和基于人水关系的水资源承载力评价三个方面的内容,辅以GIS技术,对水资源承载力进行评价。研究结果表明,邯郸市水资源先天不足,空间分布不均且季节性变化大,该市入市水量和降水量有逐渐减小的趋势,加之地下水的严重超采,整个邯郸市的自然拥有水量正逐渐减少。但同时邯郸市的需水量却随邯郸市的发展而不断地增加水资源负载指数和承载指数都比较大,说明水资源开发程度较高,开发潜力小,水资源处于超载状态。要实现邯郸市的可持续发展,必须在节约用水、合理配置的基础上,合理从外市调水及开发出新的可利用水资源,以提高邯郸市的水资源承载力,保证邯郸市经济社会的健康可持续发展。     

甘肃省天水市区水资源可持续利用探讨

天水市是一个相对缺水的城市，按可供水资源量，现状尚可维持．预计2010年和2030年缺水824万m^3和5482万m^3，水资源的可持续开发利用已经成为确保该市经济发展的关键性因素之一。本文通过对天水市水资源量、供水现状及污染现状的分析，以可持续发展观为基础，对市区水资源的开发和保护提出建议。     

基于支持向量机的开封市水资源承载力研究

以开封市为例,研究水资源承载力。针对开封市水资源短缺,本文建立了新的基于支持向量机的水资源承载力模型。阐述了水资源承载力的评价方法,评价结果准确客观地反应了水资源承载力的情况。结果表明：影响开封市承栽力的主要因素有人均水资源量等10个指标;开封市水资源承载力总体水体偏低。     

淮南市水资源开发利用与保护

在详细阐述了淮南市水资源开发利用现状及存在问题的基础上，对加强该市水资源的合理开发利用与保护提出了对策措施，为城市的规划发展提供了科学依据。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the