浅部缺陷桩反射波法检测与波形分析

基础施工中,由于种种原因,混凝土灌注桩有时会出现某些缺陷.使用低应变反射波法可对桩身进行完整性检测.检测中,浅部离析桩、缩颈桩占缺陷桩很大一部分.本文结合工程实例,介绍采用RSM-12H基桩动测仪检测这两类缺陷桩的经验及工作方法.     

低应变测桩常见缺陷分析

低应变法检测桩身完整性,作为一种快速、经济、可靠的方法目前得以广泛应用。当桩身存在明显缺陷(缩径、扩径、离析、断桩等),传感器在接收到桩底反射信号前会记录下桩身缺陷的反射干扰,熟练掌握动测曲线的分析方法,则能够快速、准确的判断出桩身完整性。本文结合传统的行波理论知识,通过理论分析和图文说明,对低应变反射波法动测曲线常见缺陷给出理论分析,并结合工程实例加以验证。     

旋挖钻孔灌注桩低应变检测与分析

本文以水阳江特大桥的旋挖钻孔灌注桩低应变检测为例,分析了桩头浮浆及桩身扩径对低应变检测曲线的影响。桩头浮浆可以产生多次反射波或使波形畸变。桩身扩径产生扩径上界面的反相反射波和下界面的同相反射波;桩身扩径很大时,无桩底反射波及扩径下界面反射波,只有扩径上界面的多次反射波。     

低应变检测基桩扩径现象

对于基桩扩径现象,从低应变反射波法检测原理入手,列出在不同位置不同程度的扩径所表现出的时域曲线,分析其易误判的主要原因,给出了正确评判扩径桩桩身完整性的方法。     

谈低应变反射波法判定桩身完整性的误区

低应变反射波法判定基桩完整性存在着一定的局限性和误区,在运用过程中应慎重把握,结合施工工艺及地质地层情况仔细分析,减少误判、漏判,避免造成重大安全隐患和不必要的经济损失.     

浅谈运用两种方法检测桩身完整性的必要性

简要地介绍了采用低应变反射波法检测桩身完整性的主要原理,说明了该方法的局限性,并结合工程实例强调了用两种方法检测桩身完整性的必要性.     

桥梁桩低应变反射波法检测及分析探讨

低应变反射波法检测技术作为一种成熟的桩身完整性检测方法,正在被广泛的应用到工程实践中。本文结合铜陵市沿新路互通立交工程桩低应变检测实例,简要介绍了低应变反射波法的基本原理,假定桩为一维线弹性直杆,建立了桩-土动力模型,结合现场测试数据对几个典型实测波形进行了分析,并且通过拟合计算,分析了桩的完整性。     

低应变反射波法动力检测原理及其应用

本文介绍基桩低应变反射波法用于桩身完整性检测的原理及桩身缺陷类型、缺陷位置的判释,并通过几个工程实例说明它的检测效果．     

桩周土对低应变反射波法检测的影响

桩基为建筑的主要承重部件,广泛应用于各类建筑工程,其质量直接影响到建筑物的安全,成桩后必须进行严格的检测。低应变反射波法能对桩身完整性做出较准确的判断,但也受到观测方法及桩周土物理力学性质的影响。这里主要讨论桩周土波阻抗对反射波法检测的影响,为提高资料解译的可靠性提供帮助。     

施工工艺及地质条件在基桩低应变反射波波形分析中的应用

由于桩基工程的复杂性、桩基施工的隐蔽性，使之容易存在质量隐患，因而做好基桩质量的检测工作是至关重要的，利用反射波法检测基桩桩身质量，除了对反射波波形本身进行分析外，还要结合施工工艺及地质条件对基桩桩身质量做综合分析评价。通过检测实例论述了对低应变反射波波形进行综合分析判断的方法。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.