Equations of motion of the moon retaining higher harmonics in the force function

u u u u uu smu um ¶rt;um ¶rt; a, s¶rt;a ¶rt;a ¶rt;u suu (n — mn, k — n¶rt;): saumauo n u: n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; n=3, k=0, 1, 2, 3; n=4, k=0; n=4, k=3; saumau n : n=2, k=0; n=2, k=2; saumau n a: n=2, k=0.

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Dedicated to Prof. RNDr. Emil Buchar, DrSc., Corresponding Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, on the Occasion of His 75^th Birthday     

Palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field during upper cainozoic derived from palaeo-slags and porcellanites in north Bohemia

Summary Porcellanites and palaeo-slags from North Bohemia are natural materials which can be used to derive the palaeomagnetic directions and palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field active at the time of caustic alteration. The origin of these rocks, called erdbrands, was due to the caustic alteration of predominantly pelitic sediments as a result of underground fires conditioned by spontaneous ignition of coal seams. The caustic alteration occurred during the Upper Pliocene to the Quaternary. Three procedure based on the methods by Thellier and Nagata are presented in the paper. The newly developed apparatus MAVACS (Magnetic Vacuum Control System) was used for the thermal demagnetization of samples. A procedure based on multi-component analysis was also proposed and tested. Besides some methodic results, it was found that the geomagnetic field intensity varied during the respective period within the limits of 48%±4% to 154%±32% of the present geomagnetic field intensity.

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aum u na au a mumuu uu n¶rt;mam nu¶rt; amua, m n¶rt;¶rt;um ¶rt; ¶rt;u naaum anau u naumumuaum n, ¶rt;m amu uu. mu n¶rt;, aa ¶rt;a¶rt;, uu n¶rt; uu amu uu num num a¶rt; n¶rt; ¶rt;mu aau . amu uu u m nu¶rt; m nua ¶rt; mmu nu¶rt;a. am n¶rt; mu umnmau nua, n¶rt;¶rt;u ¶rt; ¶rt;u naumumu, nuau a m¶rt; u aama. a aamaa annaama MAVACS (Magnetic Vacuum Control System) a unaa ¶rt; mu aauuau ¶rt; amu aa. n¶rt; u n n¶rt;¶rt;, a a munm aau amuauu. nu m¶rt;uu au, ma ma, m umumaum n u¶rt; nu¶rt; a n¶rt;a 48%±4%-154%±32% au umumu aum n.

     

Linear modelling in vertical ionospheric sounding

Summary Applying the methods of computing N(h) profiles to scalar product spaces provides a more general view of the differences between the individual ionospheric models, which enables a better selection of the optimum model.

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u n¶rt; m¶rt;uu ama N(h) nu nmama a nu¶rt;u anauam u ¶rt; a au ¶rt; m¶rt;u uu ¶rt;u, m nm nmm uam nmua ¶rt;.

     

On one possible type of upper cyclogenesis

Summary Based on model considerations it is shown that, under certain assumptions, upper cyclogenesis may be expected in the region of the auroral oval as a result of heat released at the time energetic particles of extraterrestrial origin penetrate into the lower stratosphere or even troposphere.

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a auu ¶rt; a¶rt;u naa, m nu m n¶rt;nu u¶rt;am u amu aa aa mam ¶rt;u mna nuu muu amu nu¶rt;u u mam uu mn.

     

On the possibility of combining functional optimality criteria in a geodetic net

Summary The procedure of computing the optimum plan, satisfying the conditions of the criterion generated by a convex linear combination of two convex functional optimality criteria is discussed. A numerical example of computing the optimum plan of a geodetic positional net combining criteria of L-optimality and D-optimality is given.

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m¶rt; uu nmua naa, n u umu, ¶rt;a n n u uauu ¶rt; n ua umu nmuamu. u nu ama nmua naa¶rt;u na mu nu uauu umu L-nmuamu u D-nmuamu.

     

Derived geometrical constants of the geodetic reference system 1980

Summary A large number of the users of the geomtrical constants of the reference ellipsoid know only the IAG resolutions and not the related special publications; consequently, the numerical values of the derived geometrical constants may be interpreted differently. Some values of possible differences (max. 32 mm) are given, and it is proposed that the GRS-80 geometrical constants be defined by the values of a and f ^–1 with unlimited accuracy in the next IAG resolution.

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¶rt;a um nam zmuuu nmu n-unu¶rt;a am m uu ¶rt;a¶rt; auauu n z¶rt;uu, a nua nuauu; nm m num a mau u au nu¶rt; zmuu nm. mam nu¶rt;m m au am (a. 32 ) u n¶rt;azam n¶rt; uu n¶rt;m muu nm GRS-80 uuau a, f ^–1 zau mm.

     

СРАВНЕНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ГЛУБИННОГО СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОЛН В РАЙОНЕ VII МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПРОФИЛЯ

m¶rt; ¶rt;VII ¶rt;a¶rt; nu auma mmuu ¶rt;unu u . ¶rt;u mu u na mmua ¶rt;unua ua ¶rt; nu aa—ua, ¶rt;ma a¶rt; ¶rt;a.     

On hydrometeorological conditions of microseisms generation

Summary The data of the seismic stations Mirny and Poulkovo have shown that microseims are essentially caused by coastal effect of sea disturbance caused by stormy winds directed towards the coast. Amplitude of microseisms in this case grow in step with the square of wind velocity and is inversely proportional to the distance of the source.

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uu () , , . .

     

The new radiation chart

Summary Basing on the analysis of the most reliable data concerning the atmospheric absorption of long-wave radiation by water vapour, carbon dioxide and ozone, was obtained the integral transmission function of long-wave radiation by the atmosphere. The results are used for plotting the new radiation chart intended for calculating the thermal radiative fluxes in the atmosphere. Comparison of the results of calculations of thermal radiative fluxes has been carried out according to the new chart as well as by the preceding ones.

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Propagation velocity and radiation properties of induced tensile cracks

nua ¶rt;u a¶rt;am m aa ¶rt;uaaa . ¶rt;u aam ¶rt; ¶rt; uu umuo au uu m a u a u am mu ma. mu anmau mu ma n¶rt; auumu m a aa u anau nu au. num ma uu nu un u n mu ma n¶rt;mauu n¶rt;um uu m umua. mam ¶rt;umum mu u aua n au muna ma a umua uu un. ¶rt; aauua am na mu ma, m uam ua u.     

Global geoidal undulations as inferred from the Bruns formula and from inversion of the geopotential series

Summary The problem of inverting the geopotential series with respect to the geoid radius has been solved. A linearization of the radius powers, making use of a reference surface, has been applied. The body given by the Bruns' formula has been chosen as the reference surface. Corrections to the Bruns' formula in an analytical explicit form have been derived. An internal linearization accuracy of the order of 1 mm has been achieved. The geoid radius coefficients for the GEM-L2 model have been evaluated numerically. The corrections have been found to range from –90 to 90 cm.

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m¶rt; uauauu ¶rt; aaumuu u ¶rt; ama a¶rt;ua — ma, m una uum au aumau n u u naam unu¶rt;a. u u¶rt; una um uum u nmuaa u uum au a¶rt;ua — ma. ¶rt;a¶rt;amua ua, aa uauau, n¶rt;a 1 . u¶rt; u am ¶rt; ¶rt;uaumau n GEM-L2. au na nm mm m am nu annuauuu¶rt;a, a a m a, n¶rt;a ± 90 .

     

Theoretical pv-magnitude calibrating curves for deep foci

Summary The theoretical medium period PV-magnitude calibrating curves were computed for the Earth model PREM and a wide range of focal depths. The calculated set of curves reflects the distribution of model parameters, the influence of source radiation was not taken into account. The widely used Gutenberg's empirical calibrating curves were compared with the theoretical ones. Pronounced deviations in the shape and differences in the level of isolines were found. Thus, if model PREM is considered to be representative of the Earth's structure, the empirical calibrating curves (D, h) for magnitude determination currently used in seismological practice, have to be verified.

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auma mmuu au u u ¶rt; n¶rt;u aum¶rt; - n ¶rt;nu¶rt; annaam ¶rt; ¶rt;u u RE u ¶rt;uanau aa. uu maam an¶rt;u naam ¶rt;u ma uu u umua. u nu nuuu au u ma u a mmuuu uu. u a¶rt; mu auu n u u. au a, u num ¶rt; RE n¶rt;maum ¶rt; mu u, m ¶rt;u num nuuu au u (D, h) ¶rt; n¶rt;u aum¶rt;, m am unm u namu.

     

Some results of investigating the electric field with the interkosmos 10 satellite

¶rt; aau ua au u¶rt;a, umu a nmu m-10 n uum mau mu n (). am au ¶rt;uana amm. aa ¶rt;¶rt;auma umnmau uuu u, auau nu ua au u¶rt;a.     

Flow of a homogeneous electric field round a non-conducting hemisphere perpendicular to the axis of symmetry

au ¶rt; nmuaa mu n, a¶rt;u a, ¶rt;a ¶rt;¶rt; maua mu n na n¶rt;a na umuu, nn¶rt;u m nmmu ma nu n. a¶rt;aa a u um ¶rt;uam. a u ¶rt;m um u au. u m amamu n¶rt;¶rt; u u nu¶rt;um au nmuaa u¶rt; ¶rt;a nu¶rt;u u a¶rt;a mu uumau A _2k u B _2k+1 , n¶rt;mau au uua uum u uuu nmn au ¶rt; u nma a¶rt;au.     

Characteristics of the mid-latitude ionosphere suitable for modelling ionospheric filtration of ULF waves

Summary An approximate method of one-dimensional modelling of the plasma of the Earth's ionosphere is demonstrated for purposes of studying the ionospheric filtration of ULF waves (micropulsations). Apart from the basic local parameters, characterizing the plasma, also derived local characteristics have been defined, i.e. the mass of the so-called effective ion and its effective collision frequency . Drawing on existing empirical models of the mid-latitude ionosphere, vertical profiles (50 km h 1000 km) were determined of the characteristics N_e N_i, v_e, and for the daytime and nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere under low and enhanced solar activity, which can be used to study the ionospheric ULF filter.

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aa nu uum m¶rt; ¶rt;a ¶rt;uau na ¶rt; u ¶rt; nmm uu u umauu (unau). ¶rt; u mu naamau na n¶rt; mu m aamumuu — aa m. a. mu ua, , u mua amma mu, . a mu nuuu ¶rt; ¶rt;um u u n¶rt; mua nuu (50 h 1000 ) aamumu N_e N_i, v_e, u ¶rt; u u ¶rt;u um nu u u amumu. ¶rt;u nam nu uuu u uma.

     

On some effects connected with electromagnetic induction in a rotating earth

muu aamuam mauma u¶rt;u, aa uauu n aum n aa , ma n¶rt;mam ¶rt;¶rt; n¶rt;u a. aam, m mam mum au u u ¶rt;a n, a¶rt;am, m a , a¶rt;am n u amm ¶rt;au, ¶rt;a n ( aa um ¶rt;uam). a aamuam u m maua ¶rt;¶rt; aum n a au ¶rt;¶rt; n¶rt; aa. a am uu n S_q auau a m au u u n m mu, m na a, mum a¶rt;a au a¶rt;u mu au u.     

Explanation of the internal air pressure effect on the worden gravity meter dial constant

Summary A model, explaining the effect of air pressure changes in the space of the measuring system on the fine dial counter constant of the Worden and similar gravity meters, is presented. It is based on the changes of the bellows volume with compensating the gravity changes. It is shown that the resetting the gravity meter in the whole range has practically no influence on the fine dial counter constant.

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u¶rt;a ¶rt;, na m uu ¶rt;au ¶rt;a nmam uum um a nm a umaauma ¶rt; u nuaum. ¶rt; aa a uu a ua umu uma nu nauu uu u mmu. aa, m nma ¶rt;uanaa um namuu um a uu nm a uma.

     

Theoretical wiese induction vectors for a three-dimensional prism in the vicinity of a vertical contact

Summary With the use of the method of boundary integral equations, a stationary approximation of the magnetotelluric field for a three-dimensional prism located in the vicinity of a vertical contact of two quarterspaces, whereby the applied electric field is oriented parallel with the vertical boundary, is solved. In combination with the solution for the perpendicular orientation of the exciting electric field, the theoretical Wiese induction vectors for three positions of the 3-D prism are calculated. It was shown that the centre of divergence of the Wiese vectors is displaced from the epicentre of the prism, namely, if the prism is close to the vertical boundary.

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nu m¶rt;a ¶rt;a u¶rt;a au n¶rt;maa mauaa annuau u nu¶rt; mam u¶rt; ama a¶rt;ummu¶rt; n ¶rt; nu, an uu mua¶rt; mama ¶rt; mmnmam. ¶rt;a mu n n¶rt;na¶rt;am ana naa mua ¶rt;au. uau aamua¶rt; a a aauua a nn¶rt;u ana¶rt; ¶rt;a¶rt; n ¶rt;aa m uum mmuu u¶rt;u m u ¶rt; m nu m nu. aa, m m a¶rt;u m u mum numa nu, ¶rt;¶rt;a nua nuaam mua ¶rt;au.

     

Precipitation of electrons after geomagnetic substorms

Summary Precipitating electrons E_e>10 keV and E_e>30 keV and protons E_p=150 to 300 keV are analyzed using data obtained from the low-altitude polar-orbiting satellite Interkozmos-17 after the magnetic storm of December 2, 1977. On December 3, an isolated substrom occurred, and strong electron precipitation was observed in the midnigt sector, while the sequence of substorms of December 5 expanded its longitudinal extent from 22 MLT through the morning to 12 MLT. The different character of the precipitation, in the two cases mentioned, is discussed in relation to the changes of conditions for the generation of cyclotron instability as well as to the effect of particle injection. Proton precipitation occurred only in the night sector, most probably just inside the plasmapause.

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¶rt; aau nau m E_e>10 u E_e>30 u nm E_p=150–300 n uu n uuma nmua n um m-17 n aum u 2. ¶rt;a 1977. 3. 12. nua uuaa u u nau m aumua m mo u. a n¶rt;amm 5. 12. nua auu ¶rt;m umaa, m m nau, a u m 22 MLT mu m ¶rt; 12 MLT. a aam nau nu¶rt; ¶rt; a ¶rt;am aa uu u ¶rt; uu um mumu u ¶rt;mu uuu amu. nau nm n¶rt;u m m u m a naana mu naa.

     

On the role of vertical resolution in the analysis of shallow convective fields

Summary The present paper is an attempt to demonstrate the fact that misleading information about the thermodynamic structure of shallow cumulus fields is obtained when standard isobaric level (SIL) data input is used. The 1-D cumulus model serves as the main tool of examination and the reference input data are those of significant levels (SL) in soundings. The computed cloud tops (SIL) exceeded (SL) tops in nearly 80% of the cases and the excesses are more than 1 kilometre in 25% of the cases. Some discrepancies were also found in potential stability analysis. The local changes in equivalent potential temperature may be seriously affected and even falsified. The important role of high resolution in studies of mesoscale phenomena was again accentuated.

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mam mum ¶rt;aam, m u am u¶rt; ¶rt;a unam ¶rt;a ma¶rt;am uauu (SIL), m num uauu m¶rt;uau mm mu n. ¶rt;m, una nu u¶rt;auu, m ¶rt;a ¶rt; aa, a am n ¶rt; au unm ¶rt;a au ¶rt;aa. auma u a ¶rt; SIL n¶rt;m n au 80% a, a 25% a ¶rt;a a 1 . au ma ma nu aau nmua mumu. aQj uu uam nmua mnam m m aum ua. n¶rt;uam aa aua nmu nu uuu u a.