采伐影响下人工林木材生产与固碳功能权衡特征——以湖南会同森林生态实验站为例

中国人工林面积居世界首位,在全球气候变暖背景下,人工林在提供木材和固定CO₂等方面同时具有重要意义。然而木材生产与碳储量之间存在此消彼长的权衡关系,如何综合考虑二者权衡过程,实现区域森林综合效益最大化,是中国森林生态建设中亟待解决的问题。选择会同森林生态实验站磨哨林场作为研究区,采用人工林固定样地多年观测数据以及InVEST模型,定量评估木材生产与碳储量,构建了不同管理模式下的权衡分析方法,提出了研究区森林生态系统综合效益最佳的权衡对策。研究发现：① 在采伐活动的影响下,木材生产与碳储量显著负相关（R = -0.907, P < 0.001）,表现出强权衡关系;② 随着采伐强度增加,木材生产与碳储量的综合效益逐渐增加,权衡值先下降后上升;每10年采伐总面积10%~20%的管理模式下,收获木材量和碳储量的综合效益相对较高且权衡值最低,是最佳森林管理模式;③ 研究区当前采伐强度略高于最佳采伐强度,适当降低采伐强度能够使森林获取更多的综合效益。因此,在明确森林管理目标的基础上,可借助基于标准差的权衡分析方法,提出中国南方人工林生态系统服务提升与可持续经营的权衡对策。     

鄂尔多斯市生态系统服务权衡与协同分析

鄂尔多斯市是中国北方农牧交错带的中心,经济快速发展的同时带来生态环境巨大的压力,该区域生态系统服务及其相互关联的变化对半干旱地区的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于2000、2010年鄂尔多斯市的食物供给、碳储存、产水量以及土壤保持4种关键生态系统服务供给核算,采用相关分析探究栅格尺度上4种服务之间的权衡与协同关系,并引入玫瑰图对比不同土地利用类型的生态系统服务关联特征差异。研究结果表明：①2000-2010年鄂尔多斯市生态系统服务整体增强,平均食物供给量由99.5 kg·hm^-2增至224.2 kg·hm^-2,碳储存量由8.32 t·hm^-2增至8.41 t·hm^-2,平均产水量由153.64 mm增至291.90 mm,土壤保持量平均值由47.79 kg·hm^-2增至59.04 t·hm^-2;②产水与土壤保持之间存在协同关系(相关系数分别为0.972和0.771),食物供给与土壤保持之间存在协同关系(相关系数分别为0.505、0.736),食物供给和碳储存之间存在权衡关系(相关系数分别为-0.584、-0.512);③多重生态系统服务供给的热点区主要分布在鄂尔多斯市东部;④产水量和土壤保持、碳储存在耕地和林地中呈现此消彼长的变化方式,而在草地中4种生态系统服务同时增加。     

Spatial Patterns of Forest Ecosystem Services and Influencing Factors in the Ganjiang River Basin

As the major component of terrestrial ecosystems, forests play an irreplaceable role in providing ecosystem services and products (e.g. biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water yield and timber). Spatially quantifying ecosystem services and interactions will shed light on sustainable forest management. Main forest ecosystem services including carbon storage, water yield, soil retention and wood volume in the Ganjiang River Basin (GRB) were evaluated and mapped through the integrated use of InVEST3.1.0, CASA modeling and ArcGIS10.2, and relationships between forest ecosystem services and natural or social-economic factors were quantified and discussed based on ArcGIS10.2 and SPSS19.0. Results showed that the spatial pattern of the four ecosystem services is heterogeneous. Forests dominated by broad-leaved forest and bamboo forest in mountainous regions around the GRB provided the largest carbon storage and wood volume services, while forests dominated by Masson pine plantations or Chinese fir plantations in the northeast provided the largest water yield service. The spatial pattern of the soil retention service is more discrete than others, and forests in the southwestern regions showed larger soil erosion modulus than in the northeastern regions. Ecosystem services are closely related to the environmental process and human activities. With altitude or slope increases, the carbon storage and wood volume of forests increased and water yield depth and soil retention decreased. When the regional total population decreased or GDP per capita increased, carbon storage and wood volume increased. Further research into the interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem services is needed in order to understand environmental constraints when dealing with ecological problems.     

基于土地利用的河北省生态系统服务权衡/协同关系研究

在分析土地利用变化的基础上,基于InVEST模型计算1985-2015年河北省农作物生产、碳储量、生境质量和土壤保持4种生态系统服务,利用ESCI指数、相关分析法、ESTD模型及双变量局部空间自相关方法识别不同尺度生态系统服务空间格局变化及权衡/协同关系。结果表明:1)1985-2015年河北省土地利用变化剧烈,建设用地、林地面积不断增加,耕地、草地、未利用地逐渐减少,但不同时段变化趋势不同。受土地利用变化影响,河北省4种生态系统服务变化趋势迥异:农作物生产水平不断提升,碳储量呈先增后减趋势,生境质量变化平稳,土壤保持呈波动减少态势。2)从省域尺度看,河北省各类生态系统服务之间相互影响,碳储量与农作物生产以及土壤保持与生境质量均呈现协同关系,农作物生产与生境质量、土壤保持以及碳储量与生境质量、土壤保持均呈现权衡关系;从区域空间分异看,供给服务与支持服务间权衡/协同关系空间变化明显,支持服务中碳储量与生境质量总体上呈现西北协同—东南权衡关系,生境质量与土壤保持以协同关系为主,碳储量与土壤保持以权衡关系为主;从县域尺度看,土壤保持与碳储量、生境质量以及农作物生产与碳储量、土壤保持的权衡/协同关系集聚特征明显,而生境质量与农作物生产、碳储量的权衡/协同关系集聚特征较为分散。理清不同区域生态系统服务间的关系,可避免不必要的权衡风险,为优化河北省土地利用空间布局、实现社会经济发展与生态系统服务双赢奠定研究基础。     

Spatiotemporal change of carbon storage in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,based on the In VEST Model

In recent years, land use and land cover have under gone tremendous change on the Loess Plateau, leading to temporal and spatial variation over many ecological factors, such as carbon storage. Based on four series of land-use data from remote-sensing imaging, spatiotemporal changes of land-use types and volume changes were analyzed. Combined with carbon-stock-assessment modules of the In VEST(integrated valuation ecosystem services and tradeoffs) model, the carbon-storage change was estimated and analyzed at the subcounty and subbasin scales. The results show that(1) cultivated land and grassland area decreased, while woodland and urban land area increased in northern Shaanxi;(2) the average carbon storage in Huangling County and the Beiluo River Basin is the largest, while that of Yuyang County and the Xinshui River Basin is the minimum, and that of Wuqi County showed the greatest growth;(3) carbon storage in the study area showed a definite decrease in 2000, but in general has increased from 1995 to 2010;(4) carbon-storage figures of subbasins and counties are all restricted by the natural status and land-use landscape of the whole study area. From the results,it can be seen that the effect of ecological policies is remarkable. This study has important implications for the rational planning of land use, adjustment of the ecosystem carbon cycle, and related policies.     

Effects of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon of rangelands in Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia,China

Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in rangelands has been extensively investigated. Grazing in outlying rangeland areas has caused severe impacts on ecosystem functions. To reveal the effects of grazing on SOC, we evaluated the grassland in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China. Grazing intensity was determined by using two image sets of vegetation index with normalized differences in grazing periods (July 12th and 28th). The range of variation in vegetation index was then used to measure the grazing intensity. The SOC storage and density were obtained by conducting experiments on field soil samples. Results showed that 1) the grazing intensity in Xilin Gol League declined gradually from west to east; by contrast, the spatial distribution of SOC density increased gradually. 2) As grazing intensity increased, the carbon storage of rangeland decreased evidently. Minimum carbon storage was observed in grasslands classified under extreme overgrazing; by comparison, maximum values were found in areas classified under light overgrazing to moderate grazing. 3) The estimated soil carbon storage was 8.48 × 10¹¹ kg, and the average carbon density was 4.08 kg/m². Our research demonstrated that grazing intensity likely affects soil carbon. Moderate grazing is an optimum strategy to maintain carbon storage and ensure sustainable grassland utilization.     

多情景模拟下粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务评估与权衡研究

城镇化快速发展导致区域的生态系统服务衰减,威胁城市的生态安全;掌握城市群地区生态系统服务权衡/协同关系量化,对提升生态系统服务总体效益和维护区域生态安全至关重要.以粤港澳大湾区为研究区域,利用InVEST模型对粤港澳大湾区1995-2018年间产水服务、固碳服务、土壤保持服务、食物供给服务共4项生态系统服务进行评估,设...     

Values of the Farmland Ecosystem Services of Qingdao City,China, and their Changes

The values of farmland ecosystem services are composed of several components: provisioning service value, regulating service value, supporting service value and cultural service value, so it is important to make a full assessment of the values of farmland ecosystem services for agriculture and farmland protection. Here, we assessed the values of farmland ecosystem services in Qingdao City in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 by using various methods (market value method, carbon tax method, afforestation cost method, substitute cost method, equivalent factor method, etc.) based on establishing an assessment index system for the farmland ecosystem services value. The results show that the total yearly value of farmland ecosystem services increased from 499.74×10 ⁸ Yuan to 681.74×10 ⁸Yuan in the period of 1997-2017, and the yearly value of farmland ecosystem services per hectare increased from 6.57×10 ⁴ Yuan to 9.73×10 ⁴Yuan. The product provisioning service, carbon fixation service and oxygen release service, as well as the soil conservation service, are the main farmland ecosystem services, and the proportions of these four ecosystem service values to the total value of farmland ecosystem services in Qingdao City were large and kept increasing. Some countermeasures are put forward to adequately use the indirect service value of the farmland ecosystem and provide improved well-being for humans, such as protecting and wisely using farmland, developing agriculture that is rooted in local conditions, promoting agricultural production efficiency, speeding up construction of modern agriculture gardens, deepening the supply-side structural reform of agriculture, developing agricultural eco-tourism, etc.     

甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务变化及权衡与协同关系

甘肃白龙江流域是长江上游主要的水源涵养区和环境脆弱区,近几十年来高强度的人类活动加剧了生态环境压力,因此开展白龙江流域生态系统服务变化及权衡协同关系研究对该区域的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文通过生态系统服务变化指数（ESCI）、空间自相关、相关系数法,定量分析了1990-2014年甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务时空变化过程、空间集聚特征及生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系。结果表明：① 1990-2014年间产水量、碳储量、土壤保持和农作物生产4种典型生态系统服务的ESCI值变化迥异,空间分布各具特色,具体表现为：产水量ESCI极值变化超过1倍且前后两时段（1990-2002年,2002-2014年）分布格局有较大出入,而两时段内的碳储量ESCI值变化相同,分布格局也相似,土壤保持ESCI值两极化趋势较农产品生产不明显,但这两者后一时段均与前一时段的ESCI分布相反;② 4种典型生态系统服务存在空间自相关,局部上正相关类型“组团”出现,集聚性较强,负相关类型散布,集聚性低,空间异质性显著;③ 两种供给服务（产水量与农作物生产）呈负相关的权衡关系,两种调节服务（碳储量与土壤保持）呈正相关的协同关系,不同的供给和调节服务之间关系既有权衡也有协同关系;④ 数值关系上,不同生态系统服务之间的权衡/协同关系在Moran's I和相关系数上表现不一;空间格局上,生态系统服务间的权衡/协同关系异质性显著。     

国家屏障区生态系统服务权衡与协同

对不同服务间存在的此消彼长的权衡关系和相互增益的协同关系的正确认知,是开展多种生态系统服务可持续管理决策的前提。2018年国家重点专项“典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究”中明确指出要优化“两屏三带”生态系统服务格局,而服务的优化离不开对权衡与协同关系的准确认知。因此,在国家尺度上开展国家屏障区生态系统服务权衡与协同研究具有重要性和迫切性。本文采用RUSLE模型、CASA模型和InVEST产水模型分别评估国家屏障区2000—2015年土壤保持、固碳和产水服务的空间分布格局,并分析三种服务的变化趋势,采用相关分析法和均方根偏差法量化不同服务在各子屏障带整体和空间上的权衡与协同关系。结论如下：① 国家屏障区的三项服务在空间上均呈现由东南向西北减少的格局, 而在时间上,土壤保持与产水显著增加(p<0.05),增加量分别为 20.64 t/(km ²·a)和4.13mm/a,而固碳呈现微弱的上升趋势(p=0.96),服务的提升有利于保障国家生态安全。② 在各子屏障带整体上,土壤保持、固碳及产水间相关系数基本大于0（p<0.05）,表明三者以协同为主;而在空间上,两两服务间的权衡与协同关系存在着极强的空间异质性,如东北森林带固碳与产水、固碳与土壤保持的权衡关系像元比例分别达49%和27%,且均集中在北部。因此,在进行生态环境建设时,需要同时考虑到整体与局部空间的服务权衡与协同关系的不同,以制定更为合理的生态保护政策。     

Do protected areas networks ensure the supply of ecosystem services? Spatial patterns of two nature reserve systems in semi-arid Spain

Protected areas are essential for conserving biodiversity, and these lands have traditionally been set aside for this purpose alone. However, the increasing global demand for agricultural and forestry commodities creates conflict and tradeoffs between dedicating land for conservation versus food production. Efforts to set aside new lands for biodiversity conservation are compromised by the globally rising demand, creating trade-offs between lands dedicated to conservation versus food production. Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that protected areas provide social and economic benefits that can be used to build political support and raise funds for conservation. We analyzed the capability of current protected area networks in the semi-arid region of Spain to provide intermediate regulating services (habitat preservation for threatened species, climate regulation, erosion control and water flow maintenance) to support the final provisioning service of cultivated crops to support local communities. We found that existing networks of protected lands supply considerable quantities of ecosystem services, in particular carbon stocks and groundwater recharge. Our results demonstrate that the integration of systematic analyses of ecosystem services gaps in protected area planning could contribute substantially to safeguarding ecosystem services and biodiversity jointly. However, our study also reveals substantial differences in intermediate ecosystem services supplied by different of protected areas networks, with category VI areas (Natura-2000 sites) generally showing the highest potential for ecosystem services supply. This demonstrates the important role of Natura-2000 sites for preserving regulating services in the European semi-arid region.     

基于InVEST模型的宁夏盐池县禁牧草地生态补偿标准空间识别

以农牧交错带宁夏盐池县草地为研究对象,综合集成草地植被与土壤调查、草地信息提取、遥感反演、空间分析等技术方法,基于本地化的InVEST模型,选取碳储存、土壤保持和水源涵养3项关键生态系统服务类型,对禁牧前后(2000年,2015年)草地生态系统服务物质量进行精准评估,在此基础上,采用市场价值法对其价值化,测算禁牧前后草地生态系统服务价值变化量,以此确定生态补偿标准,并借助冷热点、三维趋势分析对生态补偿标准进行不同尺度的空间识别。结果显示:①禁牧以来,盐池县草地生态系统服务显著增强,其中碳储量增加45.66×10⁴ t、强度增加0.42 t/hm²,水源涵养量增加9 351×10⁴ t、强度增加211.14 t/hm²,土壤保持量增加2 091×10⁴ t,强度增加44.93 t/hm²;②草地生态补偿标准县域为309.21元/hm²、乡镇尺度介于7.25～1 146.36元/hm²、村级介于3.04～2 074....     

生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展及地理学研究议题

由于生态系统服务的多样性、空间分布的不均衡性以及人类使用的选择性,在人为活动和自然因素作用下,服务之间的关系出现了此消彼长的权衡、相互增益的协同等变化。理解服务权衡与协同的表现类型、形成机理、尺度依存和区域差异,对于制定区域发展与生态保护"双赢"的政策措施具有重要意义。从相互作用与联系、类型与形成机制、研究方法与工具、尺度效应以及不确定性等方面评述了生态系统服务权衡与协同的国内外研究进展和局限性,并对研究趋势进行了展望。在此基础上,提出从地理学视角研究生态系统服务权衡与协同的主要议题,包括服务供需的时空异质性、权衡与协同的形成机制、尺度依存和区域差异等。可为拓展生态系统服务权衡与协同研究的深度和广度,提升地理学综合研究水平提供借鉴与参考。     

Ecosystem Services in a Transitional Forest Landscape: Shifting Trajectories in Southeast Michigan,USA

North American forests provide multiple ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, biodiversity, and recreation. These services are often coordinated through multifunctional management, whereby various users and owners contribute to collective agendas. Forests in exurban “transition” zones are crucial components in the sustainability of broader metropolitan landscapes, but represent a particularly understudied confluence of ecosystem services and multifunctional management. In this paper, we develop a place-based approach to assess ecosystem services in transitional forests (those between rural and urban). We demonstrate how trajectories of forest composition are linked with shifting ecosystem services that both shape and are shaped by management activities. Sited in Stinchfield Woods, a forest in southeast Michigan, this study draws on a household survey, interviews, ecological data, and archival information. Given variations in priorities over time and among different users, we suggest that coordinated, adaptive management may improve provisioning of ecosystem services in ways that benefit multiple users.     

The response of key ecosystem services to land use and climate change in Chongqing: Time,space, and altitude

Mountainous landscapes are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to climate change and human activities,and a clear understanding of how ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships continuously change over time,across space,and along altitude is therefore essential for ecosystem management.Chongqing,a typical mountainous region,was se-lected to assess the long-term changes in its key ES and their relationships.From 1992 to 2018,the temporal variation in water yield (WY) revealed that the maximum and minimum WYs occurred in 1998 and 2006,which coincided with El Ni(n)o-Southern Oscillation and se-vere drought events,respectively.Soil export (SE) and WY were consistent with precipitation,which reached their highest values in 1998.During this period,carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) both decreased significantly.ES in Chongqing showed large variations in altitude.Generally,WY and SE decreased with increasing altitude,while CS and HQ in-creased.For spatial distribution,WY and SE showed positive trends in the west and negative trends in the east.In regard to CS and HQ,negative trends dominated the area.Persistent tradeoffs between WY and soil conservation (SC) were found at all altitude gradients.The strong synergies between CS and HQ were maintained over time.     

基于FLUS-InVEST模型的中国未来土地利用变化及其对碳储量影响的模拟

基于代表性浓度路径情景（Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs）,耦合FLUS-InVEST（Future Land Use Simulation-Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs, FLUS-InVEST）模型,以土地利用视角模拟了中国2100年的陆地生态系统碳储量,探讨其空间分异。结果表明：1）历史土地利用变化作用下,中国生态系统碳储量减少中心由华北地区转向东北地区,增加中心由西北地区转向西南地区;碳储量的减少由林地生态系统转向草地生态系统。2）未来RCPs情景下,中国林地生态系统碳储量都将持续增加,草地生态系统碳储量持续减少。RCP 6.0情景下,中国林地面积将增加9.43%左右,草地面积减少5.42%,全国林地碳储量较2010年增加2 332.64 Tg,而草地碳储量将损失1 719.03 Tg。在RCP 8.5情景下,全国林地面积增加5.15%,草地面积将减少5.10%,林地碳储量较2010年将增加1 754.59 Tg,草地碳储量将损失2 468.80 Tg。3）RCP 6.0情景对未来碳汇贡献度较RCP 8.5情景大。在RCP 6.0情景下,植被地上碳储量和表层土壤碳储量分别净增加127.12和83.67 Tg。但在RCP 8.5情景下,植被地上碳储量和表层土壤碳储量分别净减少24.67和32.41 Tg。4）不同RCPs情景下,碳储量增长均集中在横断山-秦岭-太行山-大兴安岭和雪峰山-太行山-大兴安岭两带;减少区域主要分布于云贵高原、四川盆地和京津冀地区。     

浑善达克沙地景观结构变化对生态系统服务的影响

京津风沙源治理是中国政府实施的具有重大战略意义的生态工程,实施近20年,区域生态环境状况发生了根本转变。为了定量评估京津风沙源治理工程实施以来景观结构变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响,以浑善达克沙地为研究区域,以生态调节服务（风蚀防治、水蚀防治、碳固存）、生态供给服务（牲畜养殖、粮食生产）、生境支持服务（自然生境多样性、人口居住支持服务）等指标,利用生态系统服务复合指数（Multiple ecosystem services landscape index,MESLI）和景观格局指数,运用冗余分析（redundancy analysis,RDA）和变差分解（Variation Partitioning）方法,研究了生态系统服务及集成的时空格局,以及植被景观组成与景观配置对区域生态系统服务贡献的变化。结果表明：（1）2000—2015年,浑善达克沙地的林地、草地面积减少,沙地面积则增加了110%;林地的景观结构改善,而草地与沙地的景观破碎化明显,连通度降低。（2）研究区东部和南部的生态系统服务价值增加了19%—85%,主要与林地景观的空间配置结构改善有关;中部和西部生态系统服务总体降低了...     

对生态系统服务研究的几点新认识

生态系统服务的研究因能更好地体现人与自然的相互作用关系而成为生态学研究热点之一。为了更准确的把握生态系统服务的未来工作重点,本文首先按照研究的时间和内容,依据代表性文章和大型国际研究计划,把生态系统服务的研究进展分为三个阶段,并指出了不同阶段的研究重点：{1}以基础理论研究为主的初步发展阶段;{2}以生态系统服务价值评估等实证研究为主的发展阶段;{3}以生态系统服务评估应用为主的蓬勃发展和自我完善阶段。其次,作者总结了目前研究过程中存在的亟待解决的若干问题,主要包括：对相关概念的正确理解和使用,对评价指标、评价尺度的选择,以及评价过程中的经济学问题、评价标准统一化问题等。最后,根据生态系统服务研究发展阶段以及当前实践工作中存在的问题,提出了生态系统服务研究的工作重点为：{1}引入模型,加强模拟研究;{2}确立统一评价标准,加强对比研究;{3}人类行为—生态系统服务—人类福利三者相互作用研究;(4)典型区的生态系统服务评价研究等。     

TIMBER HARVESTING AND THE HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE OF REDWOOD CREEK,CALIFORNIA

Timber removal on publicand private land surrounding Redwood National Park exacerbates naturally high rates of erosion that are common to this region and alters hydrologic processes within the park boundaries. These alterations of the natural environment complicate the efforts of the National Park Service to preserve a remnant of the once extensive coastal redwood ecosystem in the park. A watershed model for Redwood Creek calibrated to pre-logging conditions is employed to define and quantify changes in the hydrologic response of the basin during the years when timber harvesting reduced significantly the acreage of redwoods. Analysis of modeled and observed runoff indicates that timber removal is related to increased runoff during wet months and wet years, but runoff is reduced during dry months and dry years. These alterations in the hydrologic system occur at the least beneficial time because they augment high flows, whereas low flows are depleted. Such changes in runoff contribute to magnified erosion and deposition problems and increased stress for the flora and fauna that reside in and along Redwood Creek. [Key words: Redwood National Park, hydrology, watershed model, timber harvesting.]     

农业开发对生态系统服务价值的影响——以三江平原浓江—别拉洪河中下游区域为例

利用2010年Landsat TM遥感影像以及1954年、1980年、1995年、2000年和2005年的土地利用数据,采用面向对象方法,对三江平原浓江—别拉洪河中下游区域土地覆被数据信息进行提取,分析了研究区沼泽地因农业开发而逐渐消失的过程。结果表明,1954～1980年期间,研究区沼泽地面积共减少69.66×104hm2,平均年损失率为2.44%;1980～2000年期间,沼泽地面积共减少5.66×104hm2,平均年损失率为0.75%;2000～2010年期间,沼泽地面积共减少15.67×104hm2,平均年损失率为4.67%。利用中国陆地生态系统服务单位面积价值当量,以及补充的水田生态系统服务价值,对研究区各时期生态服务价值量进行了评估,结果显示,在1954年,研究区生态系统服务总价值为950.84×108元/a,之后,由于沼泽地被大规模开垦为农田,造成研究区生态系统服务价值总量锐减,至1980年,研究区生态系统服务总价值减少为590.08×108元/a,损失了360.76×108元/a,减少幅度为37.9%。1980～2000年,研究区生态系统服务总价值变化相对较小,减少了13.84×108元/a。2000～2005年,研究区生态系统服务总值出现较快速的下降,减少了87.65×108元/a。2005～2010年期间,随着水田面积的增加、旱田面积的减少,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,与2005年相比,共增加了7.15×108元/a。从研究区生态系统服务类型上分析,1954～2010年间,生态系统调节服务价值损失量最大,为399.36×108元/a,其次为文化服务价值,损失量为46.24×108元/a,再次为支持服务价值,损失量为17.1×108元/a,而供给服务价值增加了7.59×108元/a,仅弥补了总损失量的1.67%。