Bernese 5.0软件下的精密单点定位精度分析

Bernese软件是当前国内外广泛应用的高精度GPS数据处理软件之一。本文简单介绍了Bernese5.0软件精密单点定位的数据处理策略,采用bjfs、harb两个IGS站1570周的数据,分析了静态精密单点定位时不同星历产品、钟差采样间隔对定位精度的影响;选取bjfs、harb站1570周第一天的数据,分析了动态精密单点定位中卫星截止高度角、先验对流层模型、钟差采样间隔对定位精度的影响。最后,结合2011年日本"3·11"地震时mizu站的数据,提取GPS地表同震形变,验证了Bernese 5.0精密单点定位的可靠性。     

基于GAMITTRACK和BernesePPP的地震监测比较

概述了精密单点定位与双差GPS定位的基本原理,采用了Bernese软件中精密单点定位模块与GAMIT软件动态定位模块,处理了加州地震与汶川地震的数据,实现了精密单点定位及双差定位实时监测地震变化。     

基于Bernese非差的GNSS大网分布式解算

非差精密单点定位(PPP)是大规模GNSS网络数据处理的主要模式之一。分析了基于Bernese自动处理引擎BPE的非差定位解算流程,通过修改配置文本文件实现BPE功能自动调用。针对单机集中处理模式下解算规模受限、时效性差的问题,采用分布式技术,利用C#编程实现了GNSS精密单点定位的并行处理。采用IGS数据进行实验,算例结果表明:在分布式环境下调用Bernese自动解算功能进行并行数据处理,能够实现快速、准确的GNSS大网高精度PPP定位解算,计算效率明显提高。     

基于GAMP软件的GNSS精密单点定位研究

研究利用开源的GNSS数据处理软件GAMP进行精密单点定位解算,阐述了GAMP软件在精密单点定位中使用的数据预处理方法以及电离层、对流层、频间偏差等误差项的改正方法,设计了精密单点定位的解算策略并配置了相关的软件关键参数,对IGS跟踪站jfng站的实测数据进行了解算。结果表明,利用GAMP软件,利用适当的解算策略处理静态数据,约10 min可收敛至亚米级,3 h左右可收敛至厘米级,经过全天的解算其最终精度可达近毫米级。     

基于精密单点定位技术的航空测量应用实践

讨论了基于精密单点定位技术来实现无地面基准站的航空测量。计算结果表明，用观测值的验后残差计算得到的实测动态及静态模拟动态进行精密单点定位的三维RMS均优于3cm；用动态数据精密单点定位的结果同多基准站的双差解求较差计算出的RMS．南北分量和东西分量均优于5cm，高程分量优于10cm；用基准站的静态数据模拟动态单点定位解算得到的坐标同已知坐标求较差计算出的RMS，南北分量和东西分量均优于3cm，高程分量优于5cm。     

Bernese5．0软件的安装与使用

BerneseGPS数据处理软件是目前国际上最优秀的GPS定位和定轨软件之一,该软件最新版本为5．0。介绍了Bernese5．0在WindowsXP下的安装方法,并阐述了该软件的程序结构、文件结构和数据处理流程。     

不同解算条件下PANDA软件静态精密单点定位分析

分析了PANDA软件精密单点定位的数据处理策略,并采用SDCORS网 81个测站2012年第一周的GPS观测数据进行静态精密单点定位处理,通过得到的各测站年积日001～007的单天解进行统计分析,验证了该软件在山东区域进行精密单点定位的精度及可靠性。通过对比分析,研究了不同卫星截止高度角、不同对流层映射函数、不同星历钟差产品以及不同观测数据时长对其精密单点定位精度的影响。结果显示,当卫星截止高度角设置为10°、采用GMF对流层映射函数、利用精密星历和钟差、观测数据时长超过18 h时,PANDA软件静态精密单点定位的精度能够达到2 cm.      

GPS动态精密单点定位与差分定位结果比较

首先简要介绍了精密单点定位和差分定位原理,然后重点结合精度鉴定任务中的航空动态GPS数据,用WayPoint8.5软件分别进行不同星历和钟差产品下的精密单点定位解算和差分定位解算,并比较它们之间的差别.比较结果表明,精密单点定位与差分定位解算结果差别在80 cm以内,可以利用IGU星历产品进行精密单点定位解算,以对测控设备状态进行预估.     

单频非差相位观测值的周跳探测方法及其比较

介绍了当前单频精密单点定位周跳探测的主要方法.采用IGS跟踪站1s采样率的观测文件,并使用TEQC软件分别生成15s和30s采样率的另外两组观测数据,在事先利用Bernese软件确定三组数据无周跳的前提下,人为加入不同周数的周跳,通过自编软件,采用不同周跳探测方法对其进行周跳探测,并对结果进行比较与分析,探讨了各方法探测周跳的能力及适用范围,为单频非差相位观测值中选择合适的周跳探测方法提供了一定的依据.     

基于PANDA软件的实时精密单点定位研究

基于PANDA软件，研究了全球以及中国境内实施实时精密单点定位的模式及可行性。实际数据分析结果显示，采用IGS中心提供的超快速预报星历（Ultra—BRD），利用全球40个左右均匀分布的IGS站实时数据，PANDA软件实现了10～20cm精度的实时精密单点定位；国内仅需6～7个测站的实时观测数据，PANDA软件就可以提供全国范围精度为10～20cm的实时精密单点定位服务。     

The application of GPS precise point positioning technology in aerial triangulation

In traditional GPS-supported aerotriangulation, differential GPS (DGPS) positioning technology is used to determine the 3-dimensional coordinates of the perspective centers at exposure time with an accuracy of centimeter to decimeter level. This method can significantly reduce the number of ground control points (GCPs). However, the establishment of GPS reference stations for DGPS positioning is not only labor-intensive and costly, but also increases the implementation difficulty of aerial photography. This paper proposes aerial triangulation supported with GPS precise point positioning (PPP) as a way to avoid the use of the GPS reference stations and simplify the work of aerial photography.Firstly, we present the algorithm for GPS PPP in aerial triangulation applications. Secondly, the error law of the coordinate of perspective centers determined using GPS PPP is analyzed. Thirdly, based on GPS PPP and aerial triangulation software self-developed by the authors, four sets of actual aerial images taken from surveying and mapping projects, different in both terrain and photographic scale, are given as experimental models. The four sets of actual data were taken over a flat region at a scale of 1:2500, a mountainous region at a scale of 1:3000, a high mountainous region at a scale of 1:32000 and an upland region at a scale of 1:60000 respectively. In these experiments, the GPS PPP results were compared with results obtained through DGPS positioning and traditional bundle block adjustment. In this way, the empirical positioning accuracy of GPS PPP in aerial triangulation can be estimated. Finally, the results of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from GPS PPP are analyzed in detail.The empirical results show that GPS PPP applied in aerial triangulation has a systematic error of half-meter level and a stochastic error within a few decimeters. However, if a suitable adjustment solution is adopted, the systematic error can be eliminated in GPS-supported bundle block adjustment. When four full GCPs are emplaced in the corners of the adjustment block, then the systematic error is compensated using a set of independent unknown parameters for each strip, the final result of the bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from PPP is the same as that of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from DGPS. Although the accuracy of the former is a little lower than that of traditional bundle block adjustment with dense GCPs, it can still satisfy the accuracy requirement of photogrammetric point determination for topographic mapping at many scales.     

GNSS精密单点定位技术及应用进展

综合分析讨论了GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)技术及应用的最新进展。重点对GNSS精密单点定位实数解、固定解、实时精密单点定位、PPP-RTK和多频多系统精密单点定位等5个方面的核心关键技术和实现方法进行了总结和讨论。结合PPP技术的特点和优势,论述了PPP在低轨卫星定轨、地震、对流层和电离层等方面的典型应用。针对多频多系统GNSS的最新发展动态,展望了PPP技术今后的发展趋势,并指出了精密单点定位技术和推广应用还有待进一步研究的问题。     

北斗区域导航系统的PPP精度分析

北斗卫星导航系统的开放运行为其在高精度领域的应用提供了可能,系统精密单点定位性能受到了极大关注。本文首先介绍了北斗区域导航系统的星座和BDS/GPS跟踪网,分析了基于国内布站定轨的北斗卫星精密轨道和钟差精度。在此基础上研究了北斗区域导航系统静态、动态精密单点定位精度,并与GPS定位结果进行比较。实测算例表明:北斗精密单点定位可以实现静态厘米级、动态分米级的定位精度,达到目前GPS精密单点定位水平。     

利用高度角与MP组合随机模型提高PPP的收敛速度

在当前科学技术不断创新发展下,很多的技术都被应用到各个领域当中,其中精密单点定位技术(英文简称PPP)便是比较先进的技术,被当前地质勘察和航空测量广泛的应用。此次研究的目的是为了提高PPP收敛速度,这是由于当前PPP存在收敛速度比较慢的问题,不利于该项技术在科技发展领域的推广应用,针对这一问题,本文首先对多路径效应及MP组合观测值进行了实验分析,然后,对基于MP定权的GPS PPP方法进行详细的阐述,最后,通过实验分析,得出利用高度角与MP组合随机模型(ELE_MP模型)提高PPP的收敛速度。     

单频北斗手持终端PPP定位与精度分析

传统的无电离层组合精密单点定位技术(PPP)只适用于双频观测值,无法充分利用多频观测值的观测信息,限制了PPP技术的发展。对于GPS、GLONASS的PPP静态、动态事后解算研究已比较成熟,但实时北斗PPP还处于研究阶段。鉴于此,对单频北斗实时PPP进行了研究;基于BDS系统,建立了单频北斗PPP模型;利用定制手机进行了测试实验,以验证模型的正确性,并分析了单频北斗手持终端实时PPP的定位精度。     

Using external tropospheric corrections to improve GNSS positioning of hot-air balloon

High accurate global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) require to correct a signal delay caused by the troposphere. The delay can be estimated along with other unknowns or introduced from external models. We assess the impact of the recently developed augmentation tropospheric model on real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP). The model is based on numerical weather forecast and thus reflects the actual state of weather conditions. Using the G-Nut/Geb software, we processed GNSS and meteorological data collected during the experiment using a hot-air balloon flying up to an altitude of 2000 m. We studied the impacts of random walk noise setting of zenith total delay (ZTD) on estimated parameters and the mutual correlations, the use of external tropospheric corrections, the use of data from a single or dual GNSS constellation and the use of Kalman filter and backward smoothing processing methods. We observed a significant negative correlation of the estimated rover height and ZTD which depends on constraining ZTD estimates. Such correlation caused a degraded performance of both parameters when estimated simultaneously, in particular for a single GNSS constellation. The impact of ZTD constraining reached up to 50-cm differences in the rover height. Introducing external tropospheric corrections improved the PPP solution regarding: (1) shortened convergence, (2) better overall robustness, particularly, in case of degraded satellite geometry, (3) less adjusted parameters with lower correlations. The numerical weather model-driven PPP resulted in 9–12- and 5–6-cm uncertainties in the rover altitude using the Kalman filter and the backward smoothing, respectively. Compared to standard PPP, it indicates better performance by a factor of 1–2 depending on the availability of GNSS constellations, the troposphere constraining and the processing strategy.     

Equivalence of network-solution and PPP-solution

The technique of precise point positioning (PPP) is gradually becoming a popular method in GPS data-processing. In GPS observation equation, the unknown parameters can be separated into two parts: global parameters and local parameters. The global parameters include orbit, satellite clock and geodynamic parameters. The local parameters are site-occupation-spectific, such as position, tropospheric delay, etc. The formulas of local parameters are firstly derived under the network-solution and the PPP-solution conditions respectively. If the weight matrix of global parameters in PPP-solution is small enough, the cofactor matrices of local parameters are the same as that in network-solution. Then, 16 daily solutions are obtained in both PPP mode and network mode. Three sites are selected to compare the solutions. The experimental results demonstrated that the difference between two solutions in coordinates and tropospheric delays are only few millimeters. This level of difference can be neglected so that the solutions from both PPP mode and network mode can be taken as the same in the actual application.     

Equivalence of network-solution and PPP-solution

IntroductionIn GPS data-processing, the most accurate andpopular method is to solve the unknown parametersbased on a GPS network which includes many GPSsites. This mode is always called network-solution.The network-solution makes use of the spatial geom-e…     

Triple-frequency GPS precise point positioning with rapid ambiguity resolution

At present, reliable ambiguity resolution in real-time GPS precise point positioning (PPP) can only be achieved after an initial observation period of a few tens of minutes. In this study, we propose a method where the incoming triple-frequency GPS signals are exploited to enable rapid convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in real-time PPP. Specifically, extra-wide-lane ambiguity resolution can be first achieved almost instantaneously with the Melbourne-Wübbena combination observable on L2 and L5. Then the resultant unambiguous extra-wide-lane carrier-phase is combined with the wide-lane carrier-phase on L1 and L2 to form an ionosphere-free observable with a wavelength of about 3.4 m. Although the noise of this observable is around 100 times the raw carrier-phase noise, its wide-lane ambiguity can still be resolved very efficiently, and the resultant ambiguity-fixed observable can assist much better than pseudorange in speeding up succeeding narrow-lane ambiguity resolution. To validate this method, we use an advanced hardware simulator to generate triple-frequency signals and a high-grade receiver to collect 1-Hz data. When the carrier-phase precisions on L1, L2 and L5 are as poor as 1.5, 6.3 and 1.5 mm, respectively, wide-lane ambiguity resolution can still reach a correctness rate of over 99 % within 20 s. As a result, the correctness rate of narrow-lane ambiguity resolution achieves 99 % within 65 s, in contrast to only 64 % within 150 s in dual-frequency PPP. In addition, we also simulate a multipath-contaminated data set and introduce new ambiguities for all satellites every 120 s. We find that when multipath effects are strong, ambiguity-fixed solutions are achieved at 78 % of all epochs in triple-frequency PPP whilst almost no ambiguities are resolved in dual-frequency PPP. Therefore, we demonstrate that triple-frequency PPP has the potential to achieve ambiguity-fixed solutions within a few minutes, or even shorter if raw carrier-phase precisions are around 1 mm. In either case, we conclude that the efficiency of ambiguity resolution in triple-frequency PPP is much higher than that in dual-frequency PPP.     

GLONASS phase bias estimation and its PPP ambiguity resolution using homogeneous receivers

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) appreciably improves the position accuracy and shortens the convergence time of precise point positioning (PPP). However, while many studies are limited to GPS, there is a need to investigate the performance of GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution. Unfortunately, because of the frequency-division multiple-access strategy of GLONASS, GLONASS PPP IAR faces two obstacles. First, simultaneously observed satellites operate at different wavelengths. Second and most importantly, distinct inter-frequency bias (IFB) exists between different satellites. For the former, we adopt an undifferenced method for uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation and proposed an undifferenced PPP IAR strategy. We select a set of homogeneous receivers with identical receiver IFB to perform UPD estimation and PPP IAR. The code and carrier phase IFBs can be absorbed by satellite wide-lane and narrow-lane UPDs, respectively, which is in turn consistent with PPP IAR using the same type of receivers. In order to verify the method, we used 50 stations to generate satellite UPDs and another 12 stations selected as users to perform PPP IAR. We found that the GLONASS satellite UPDs are stable in time and space and can be estimated with high accuracy and reliability. After applying UPD correction, 91 % of wide-lane ambiguities and 99 % of narrow-lane ambiguities are within (?0.15, +0.15) cycles of the nearest integer. After ambiguity resolution, the 2-hour static PPP accuracy improves from (0.66, 1.42, 1.55) cm to (0.38, 0.39, 1.39) cm for the north, east, and up components, respectively.