广西横县六景中泥盆统牙形刺生物地层

<正> 广西横县六景的中泥盆统,由于多含白云岩,研究较粗略,在地层划分与时代对比上存在一些问题。1978年以来,笔者等在该地发现了中泥盆统的六个牙形刺带化石,自上而下为:Palmatolepis disparilis带,Schmidtognathus hermanni-Polygnathus cristatus带,Polygnathus varcus带,Polygnathus xylus ensensis带,Tortodus kockelianus kockelianus带,     

晚泥盆世牙形刺及软骨鱼类在西准噶尔塔克台组中的发现及意义

新疆西准噶尔哈拉也门地区原有一套地层划分为下石炭统和布克河组,岩性组合与标准剖面差异较大,因此,新建塔克台组.在该组参考剖面TK01第3层含化石的灰岩透镜体中,发现了少量非常重要的浅水相牙形刺,包括3属6种1未定种:Icriodus alternatus alternatus、Icriodus cornutus、Icriodus expansus、Polygnathus krestovnikovi、Polygnathus procerus、Polygnathus makhlinae、Ancyrognathus sp.,与这些牙形刺共生的还有软骨鱼类化石Protacrodus sp.和Phoebodus sp..该化石组合表明,新建的塔克台组的时代为晚泥盆世法门期早期.      

新疆北山黑山口东南1∶20万区调空白区发现科化石

新疆北山地区由于邻近罗布泊 ,自然环境异常恶劣 ,地质调查研究程度相对较低 ,有些地层划分和时代确定的依据还显不足 ;新一轮国土资源调查工作的开展使得笔者有机会对该地区的地质问题重新认识 ,2 0 0 2年我们在黑山口东南(N:4 0°35′;E:92°2 2′) 1∶ 2 0万区调空白区前人划分的石炭纪灰岩中新发现了丰富的科化石 (照片 )。　　在其下伏层位的钙质泥岩中发现了保存完整的珊瑚化石 ,为该套地层划分和时代的确定提供了可靠依据 ,主要化石属种如下 (科化石为长安大学汪名洲教授鉴定 ;珊瑚化石为西安地质矿产研究所曹宣铎研究员鉴定 ) …     

重庆北碚长兴期腕足动物群落的划分及其地层意义

重庆北碚地区晚二叠世长兴期地层出露良好,剖面位于北碚代家沟东北部,经过详细调查研究,在厚度为110.5m的长兴组石灰岩地层中发现有丰富的腕足动物,共有28属46种。按照识别与划分化石群落的5个基本条件,本区长兴期腕足动物可以划分为3个化石群落,本区长兴期生态地层建立3个化石群落带,自上而下为:Uncinunellina-Peltichia带、Haydenella-Perigeyerella带、Oldhamina-Meekella带。从而将本区长兴期地层三分。     

甘肃省文县关家沟组微古植物化石的发现及地质意义

通过对甘肃省文县关家沟组剖面的系统采样,获得大量微古植物化石,鉴定出16个属28个种。依据中国南方及其他地区南华系、震旦系资料,将本区关家沟组的微古植物化石组合特征与峡东、川西北等地区的晚南华世南沱期的微古植物化石组合进行对比,确认关家沟组地层时代为晚南华世南沱期。这一结果对研究关家沟组地层对比、时代划分提供了依据。     

河南省淅川—内乡泥盆系的划分与对比

区内泥盆系可以划分三个组,分属上统和中统,但各家划分不尽一致。本文依据近几年的野外工作,在大量古生物化石和地层层序方面的研究基础上,发现原划为中统的王冠沟组应属上统的层位。     

安徽萧县白土剖面有孔虫动物群研究

实测描绘了安徽萧县白土镇石炭纪—早二叠世的地层剖面,对剖面中采集的样品进行了磨片,并在偏光显微镜下对磨片进行了系统鉴定,共鉴定出9科16属34种,且进行了系统的描述。建立了有孔虫化石组合带Tetratax-is-Nodosaria-Palaeotextularia组合带,为晚石炭世晚期(C22)。将研究区内的有孔虫化石组合带与国内不同地区有孔虫化石组合带进行了对比,探讨了石炭纪—早二叠世有孔虫化石在地层中的分布特征,探讨了有孔虫化石对地层划分对比中的作用,认为有孔虫化石对于石炭—二叠纪的地层界线也有重要的意义。     

藏南江孜地区早白垩世甲不拉组钙质超微化石的特征及其地层意义

藏南江孜一带的侏罗纪—白垩纪海相地层被划分为维美组和甲不拉组。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察和分析,发现甲不拉组黑色页岩中含有保存较为完好的钙质超微化石。研究区的生物丰度和分异度偏低,经鉴定以椭圆球石科(Ellip-sagelosphaeraceae)生物群为主,数量相对丰富,但属种比较单调。超微化石指示甲不拉组为早白垩世沉积的产物。结合菊石和双壳类化石,认为甲不拉组地层时代属于早白垩世贝利阿斯期至凡兰吟期(Berriasian-Valanginian)。这一发现标志着西藏特提斯东部早白垩世地层中钙质超微化石的存在。甲不拉组早白垩世钙质超微化石的发现,为该地区海相地层的时代划分、对比提供了新的资料,也为寻找海相侏罗纪—白垩纪地层界线指示了目标。     

内蒙古大青山地区早古生代生物化石的发现及意义

大青山地区发育一套以白云岩、灰质白云岩和少量石英砂岩为主的地层。以往由于缺少生物化石依据，对其划分对比及时代归属一直存在不同意见。通过工作，在该套地层中采到了三叶虫、笔石、头足、腹足和腕足类等多门类生物化石，经鉴定有相当部门属种是华北地区寒武－奥陶系常见的标准化石主要组成分子，为解决磁地层的划分对比及时代归属提供了可靠依据。     

化石形态学中的对数螺线及其应用

许多化石都呈对数螺线形(ρ=Ae~(aθ))旋圈,其两条重要性质常用于数学模拟。数学模拟可以广泛应用于生物学及地层学研究:1、恢复残破及变形化石,从而避免了复形过程中的随意性;2、解释生物谱系的演化趋向(常表现为a值的递变)及其生理功能特征;3、依据同一谱系内各物种形态上的线性递变性,我们不仅可以确定地层的连续性及缺失数量,而且能将a值作为划分新物种的客观标准并预言新物种的存在;4、呈对数螺线形旋圈的化石在分析地层变形时具有其他形态的化石所不具的特殊优越性。     

早寒武世宽川铺生物群中Punctatus卵裂胚胎化石的发现及其意义

陕南早寒武世宽川铺生物群中保存了大量磷酸盐化动物胚胎化石和小壳化石.在已报道的这些胚胎化石中, 主要是囊胚期之后不同发育阶段的胚胎化石标本, 缺少卵裂期胚胎化石材料.报道了从宽川铺生物群中新发现的多枚从4分细胞、64分细胞、128分细胞、512分细胞到千分级细胞的卵裂期胚胎化石, 以及大量囊胚期、原肠胚期和不同孵化幼体阶段的化石标本, 他们共同构成了从单个细胞(Olivooides)经卵裂到囊胚、原肠胚, 再到孵化的锥形幼体(Punctatus)的完整胚胎发育序列.从卵裂子细胞数量的变化、形态的变化、排列方式及囊胚腔形态等特征, 基本上可与贵州瓮安生物群(地质时代为伊迪卡拉纪Ediacaran)中卵裂细胞化石对比.同时也可与一些现生的低等动物卵裂胚胎对比.新化石材料的发现, 不仅填补了宽川铺生物群中卵裂期胚胎化石的空白, 而且对揭示Olivooides胚胎的卵裂过程和特点, 探讨其亲缘关系, 以及后生动物的早期演化都具有十分重要的科学意义.      

Cleiothyridina obmaxima McChesny的个体发育、生态特征及进化途径

本文通过对Cleiothyridina obmaxima在同一化石点产出的大量个体的统计研究,讨论了该种个体发育的阶段及其种群动力学特征,并做出了相应的解释。同时根据该种个体形态的特征及其在个体发育不同阶段的变化,结合其所赋存的群落及其围岩特征,讨论了其个体生态学及其环境意义,进而探讨了该种的演化途径。     

Rickettsial-like cells in the Cretaceous tick,Cornupalpatum burmanicum (Ixodida: Ixodidae)

Rickettsial-like cells are reported from the body cavity of the Myanmar amber larval tick, Cornupalpatum burmanicum (Ixodida: Ixodidae). These cells are characterized and described in a new collective fossil genus erected for putative rickettsia in fossil ticks. The size and shape of the fossil cells resemble those of present day members of the Rickettsiaceae, many of which occur in the body cavity of present day ticks.     

邯郸-峰峰矿区构造应力场分析及其影响

通过野外露头共轭剪节理的产状测量，采用数学统计方法进行分期配套，总结了邯郸-峰峰矿区地台盖层沉积以来主要经历的三期构造应力：第一期为印支期，主压应力近南北向，影响较弱；第二期为燕山中期，主压应力为南东一北西向，影响较强烈；第三期发生在中生代末期至古近纪喜山期，主压应力为北北东一南南西向，主要表现为北西西-南东东方向的拉张。     

Larval development of the caridean shrimp,hippolyte pleuracanthus (Stimpson), reared in the laboratory

Ovigerous Hippolyte pleuracanthus (Stimpson) were collected from eelgrass beds in Bogue Sound, near Morehead City, N. C. Eggs were hatched in the laboratory and development was followed through eight zoeal stages and one postlarval stage. The zoeae were described and figured. Average temperature and salinity during rearing were 25.2°C and 33.9%; the larvae were fed nauplii of Artemia salina. H. pleuracanthus larvae differ from those of other Hippolyte species in number of stages, color and position of chromatophores, and a few points of appendage morphology. As a result of this larval study, two species which have long been confused, H. zostericola (Smith) and H. pleuracanthus (Stimpson), can be differentiated more clearly.     

Stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian boundary: Formal definition of the susceptibility magnetostratotype in Germany with comparisons to sections in the Czech Republic, Morocco and Spain

One major difficulty in geology is high-resolution correlation among widely separated sections, especially in the Paleozoic where magnetostratigraphy polarity is not well established because rocks are often remagnetized, where critical biostratigraphic zonation may be poor or lacking, or where structural complexities make correlations very difficult. To address this problem, we have been using magnetostratigraphy susceptibility measurements. Here, we report our work from the Middle Devonian in Europe and North Africa. The Middle Devonian (Emsian–Eifelian) global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP), located in the Eifel Hills, western Germany, was ratified by the International Subcommission on Stratigraphy in 1985, after careful evaluation of the biostratigraphy for this and many other sections. The boundary interval has been characterized using biostratigraphy, and the beginning of the Eifelian stage has been specifically defined by the first occurrence of the conodont Polygnathus costatus partitus. We have collected the Eifel Hills section for magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurement and here we establish it as the magnetostratotype for the Emsian–Eifelian stage boundary, by formally defining the magnetostratigraphy susceptibility for the section. We then collected, measured and compared the magnetostratotype to four other sections for which conodont biostratigraphy has been studied and where P. costatus partitus is present; two Emsian–Eifelian sections in Morocco and two sections in the Czech Republic (including the Emsian–Eifelian parastratotype). Finally, we have measured the MS for the El Puerto Creek section in the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain and identified the location of the Emsian–Eifelian boundary within the section based on MS comparison to the GSSP in conjunction with excellent biostratigraphic indicators, primarily brachiopods. While the conodont zonation in the El Puerto Creek section is poorly defined, we believe that the correspondence between the MS and biostratigraphy in the section allows the identification of the Emsian–Eifelian boundary. These results indicate that this method can be successfully applied to marine sequences where ambiguities in correlation exist.     

广西罗城—鹿寨地区石炭系沉积相类型及沉积环境演化

本文据区内6个石炭纪地层剖面的岩性组合,垂向层序及生物组合特征的研究,将沉积相区分为陆源碎屑潮坪沉积、三角洲沉积、浅水开阔台地和极浅水局限台地碳酸盐沉积以及半深水台盆沉积五种类型。研究表明,在石炭纪不同时期的沉积环境具有不同的组合特点。早石炭世沉积类型比较复杂,具有陆源碎屑潮坪-三角洲-开阔台地-台盆环境组合形式;而中晚石炭世则主要为极浅水局限台地环境,总体上表现出向上变浅的环境演化特点。本文指出台地向上变浅的机理是在总体浅进超覆的背景下由碳酸盐沉积物的快速沉积造成的。     

永泰县旗山滑坡深部位移监测分析

有效防治旗山滑坡,在主剖面前、中、后位置布设测斜管,进行深部位移监测。位移数据分析结果表明,滑坡演化呈现后缘倾倒拉裂、中部推移剪切和前缘锁固失稳三个阶段,目前处于中部推移剪切阶段,急需滑坡工程治理;主滑面为砂土状强风化岩软弱夹层,目前滑面部分贯通;持续强降雨后深部位移明显,对滑坡稳定影响显著。     

A new titanosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil

Here we describe a new record of a sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Barremian) Rio Piranhas Formation, Sousa Basin, NE Brazil. Dinosaur fossil bones from this deposit were unknown until now. Thus, the discovery of a sauropod fibula from this locality is highly significant. Our discovery represents an indeterminate titanosaur and the earliest stratigraphic occurrence of this group in central Gondwana. When compared to chronocorrelate titanosaur trackmakers of this geological unit, this fossil specimen appears substantially smaller. Histological analysis of the fibula suggests that this is a relatively young individual (approximately 40–50% adult body size) that had passed its most rapid phase of early juvenile growth, but had not yet attained somatic maturity. Thus, the fibula recovered is from a young individual rather than from a small-bodied adult titanosaur.     

Buchanosteus(节甲鱼类)的新材料及其生物地层学意义

记述了采自广西永福附近泥盆系的一鱼类化石标本。根据头甲轮廓和内颅特征，将其归入节甲鱼类。头甲的宽度大于后松果区长度，中颈片为梯形，后边缘片有较长的后突。内颅吻囊与筛后一枕区分开，耳区短；前眶后突不明显，位置靠后；后眶后突明显，远端不分叉。因此新材料应归入巴坎鱼属（Buchanosteus）。但眼孔大并朝向背侧上方，骨片上粒状突起纹饰的冠部和基部没有星状嵴等特征与Buchanosteus confertituberculatus（Chapman）不同，所以新材料应代表一新种，即Buchanosteus兴guangxiensis sp．nov．。还对澳大利亚与中国华南地区当时的古地理关系进行了讨论。