澜沧江杂岩带小黑江-上允地区蓝片岩的成因及变质演化

通过对澜沧江杂岩带小黑江-上允地区蓝片岩的岩相学、地球化学、成因矿物学以及相平衡模拟的综合研究,阐述蓝片岩的原岩以及变质演化过程。地球化学分析结果显示,蓝片岩具有一致的稀土元素配分模式,具弱Eu正或负异常,稀土元素和微量元素特征与OIB相似,其原岩可能为OIB型玄武岩。详细矿物学研究表明,本区蓝片岩记录了俯冲峰期蓝片岩相变质和峰期后绿片岩相变质两个变质阶段,其矿物组合分别为蓝闪石+钠长石+多硅白云母+绿泥石+绿帘石和蓝闪石+钠长石±阳起石+绿泥石+绿帘石。通过Na_2O-Ca O-Fe O-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O-O体系相平衡计算,得到两个阶段的压力范围分别约为0.95 GPa和0.40 GPa。     

甘肃玉门昌马地区的蓝闪片岩

蓝闪片岩产于一套含放射虫硅质岩、硅质大理岩、板岩、变质基性火山岩中,与此相伴的超基性岩块,以一系列向南逆冲的断片产出。蓝闪片岩中的蓝闪石往往和黑硬绿泥石、钠长石、绿泥石以及钠钙闪石(蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等)、钙闪石(阳起石等)共存。据钠角闪石、绿泥石计算的生成压力是0.65GPa至0.8GPa,略大于美国佛兰西斯科的瓦尔德溪蓝片岩中该矿物对生成的压力。稀土元素分析证明蓝片岩的原岩是典型洋底(中脊)玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,这是蓝片岩沟-弧俯冲-碰撞的证据之一。     

甘肃玉门昌马地区的蓝闪片岩

蓝闪片岩产于一套含放射虫硅质岩、硅质大理岩、板岩、变质基性火山岩中,与此相伴的超基性岩块,以一系列向南逆冲的断片产出。蓝闪片岩中的蓝闪石往往和黑硬绿泥石、钠长石、绿泥石以及钠钙闪石(蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等)、钙闪石(阳起石等)共存。据钠角闪石、绿泥石计算的生成压力是0.65GPa至0.8GPa,略大于美国佛兰西斯科的瓦尔德溪蓝片岩中该矿物对生成的压力。稀土元素分析证明蓝片岩的原岩是典型洋底(中脊)玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,这是蓝片岩沟-弧俯冲-碰撞的证据之一。     

吉林延边开山屯地区蓝片岩相变质作用——来自硬绿泥石＋纤锰柱石＋多硅白云母组合的证据

吉林延边开山屯低级变质作用发育于兴凯地块西南晚古生代活动大陆边缘，这里产出二叠纪末的消减增生杂岩。低级变质作用矿物除冻蓝闪石、阳起石、玉髓、黝帘石、多硅白云母、绿泥石、钠长石外，还在灰黑色变泥质岩中发现硬绿泥石 纤锰柱石 多硅白云母组合。这是国内首次报道的以泥质岩为原岩并具有硬绿泥石 纤锰柱石标志矿物组合的蓝片岩相岩石。研究表明，该组合的形成温度290．14(或370．8)℃，具明显的低温特征。     

黑龙江东部滚突岭地区斜长角闪岩的原岩性质与变质作用演化

黑龙江杂岩主要出露于牡丹江断裂以东,并沿其呈南北向带状展布于佳木斯地块西缘.有关于该杂岩的矿物成分和变质作用演变方面的报道很少,且前人的研究多集中在变质程度为绿片岩相-蓝片岩相的典型黑龙江杂岩.通过对出露于黑龙江东部滚突岭地区的斜长角闪岩进行了地球化学与变质演化研究,其岩石类型主要包括石榴黝帘斜长角闪岩和石榴黑云角闪片岩,结果表明该地区石榴黝帘斜长角闪岩样品明显富集元素K、Ti,亏损Hf,Ta/Yb比值低（0.09~0.16）,轻稀土（LREE）相对重稀土（HREE）稍有弱亏损,稀土元素配分曲线为平坦型,类似于MORB的特征.石榴黑云角闪片岩样品微量元素K、Th、Ti明显富集,轻稀土（LREE）相对重稀土（HREE）弱富集,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型,与洋岛玄武岩相似.斜长角闪岩的原岩既有形成于洋中脊环境的大洋拉斑系列玄武岩,也有少量形成于板内（大陆边缘）或洋岛环境的钙碱性系列玄武岩.斜长角闪岩经历了3个变质演化阶段,分别为高绿片岩相的进变质阶段（T=400~500 ℃,P=400~500 MPa）、低角闪岩相的峰期变质阶段（T=550~640 ℃,P=590~630 MPa）和高绿片岩相的退变质阶段（T=530~560 ℃,P=530~560 MPa）,记录了从早期升温升压到后期近等温降压的顺时针P-T演化过程,表明斜长角闪岩的变质作用可能与佳木斯地块与松嫩地块的碰撞有关.      

黑龙江杂岩蓝片岩—云母片岩矿物成分及变质作用P-T条件

黑龙江构造混杂岩中保留着一套曾遭受过中高压变质作用的岩石,其代表性岩石为:蓝片岩-云母片岩;蓝闪石、铁蓝闪石和多硅白云母(单位结构中Si=3.37～3.46>3.30)等具有中高压性质的典型变质矿物在岩石中平衡共生.蓝片岩-云母片岩组合至少经历了早期和晚期两阶段变质,早期为绿帘蓝片岩相,变质温压条件为T=320～460℃,P=7.8×108～11×108Pa.晚期为高绿片岩相,出现富镁绿泥石(XMg=0.565～0.646)交代早期钠质角闪石和多硅白云母等高压变质矿物现象,变质温度升高而压力有所降低,由石榴石云母片岩所限定的高绿片岩相变质条件为T=536～598℃,P=6.8×108～9.5×108Pa,属中温和中高压变质.     

牡丹江地区蓝片岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

牡丹江地区的蓝片岩分布于牡丹江东部的椅子圈、磨刀石等地。野外调研表明：牡丹江蓝片岩主要呈透镜体状或构造残片状发育在长英质片岩中,并部分可见变余枕状构造和气孔状构造;主量元素岩石化学分析得到这些蓝片岩为亚碱性玄武岩组合;稀土元素标准化配分曲线与洋中脊环境（E-MORB）配分曲线一致;微量元素蛛网图曲线也与E-MORB一致,部分易活动元素（Ba,Sr等）一定程度的分异应与海相玄武岩形成时遭受海水蚀变或后期绿片岩相变质有关。代表性蓝片岩的地球化学特征表明,牡丹江地区蓝片岩的原岩形成于大洋板块内的洋中脊环境。因此,黑龙江蓝片岩应为佳木斯地体向西与松嫩地块之间碰撞拼贴而形成的具有蛇绿岩性质的高压变质带;而目前保存下来的蓝片岩带应为遭受高压变质作用并仰冲到佳木斯地块之上的大规模增生杂岩带的残余部分。结合作者近年取得的牡丹江地区蓝片岩SHRIMP锆石年龄210~250 Ma和变质云母等单矿物180~190 Ma的年代学证据,证明它们为晚二叠世-晚三叠世的玄武岩经过印支期前后高压变质而形成。黑龙江蓝片岩带的形成是印支期前后古亚洲构造域向环太平洋构造域转换的结果,即黑龙江杂岩带为典型的构造转换带-古亚洲洋构造拼合的结束和环太平洋构造带俯冲开始的标志。     

内蒙古北部苏尼特左旗蓝片岩岩石学和年代学研究

在苏尼特左旗以南地区的中古生代造山带的混杂岩带内发现了以岩块形式出现的蓝片岩,其矿物组合为斜长石+阳起石+蓝闪石+绿帘石+榍石。蓝片岩化学成分说明由基性火山岩变质而成。矿物化学分析表明,蓝片岩中角闪石可分为钙质、钙钠质和钠质3类。钙质闪石均为阳起石,钙钠质闪石为蓝透闪石和冻蓝闪石,钠质闪石为蓝闪石和青铝闪石及少量镁钠闪石。利用Na(M₄)和Al^Ⅳ的含量推测本区钙质、钙钠质和钠质3类闪石的压力从0.3～0.7Gpa,表明蓝片岩相变质作用的压力约为0.7GPa。用化学反应限定蓝片岩的形成温度为200～375℃左右。⁴⁰Ar³⁹Ar同位素年代学测定蓝闪石的等时线年龄为383±13Ma(1δ)。这些结果进一步证实沿贺根山—苏尼特左旗南是一条中古生代的缝合线,其俯冲—碰撞的标志即为混杂岩带以及其中的蓝片岩。     

阿拉斯加Seward半岛区域前进高压变质作用

在Seward半岛蓝片岩相岩石构成了一个构造上连贯的岩带,其出露面积至少有15000km~2。放射性年龄数据表明,高压变质作用多伴发生在侏罗纪,而不象以前推测的古生代或前寒武纪。原岩属内陆盆地或大陆边缘类型的沉积物(Nome Group),并具有早古生代或许是晚前寒武纪的年龄。这样在年龄上就早于高压变质作用的年龄200Ma之多。蓝闪石片岩相矿物组合几乎在Nome Group的所有岩性中都有发育,在富含Fe、Ti的变质基性岩(篮闪石+铁铝榴石+绿帘石)和泥质岩(蓝闪石+硬绿泥石+多硅白云母)中,硬柱石—青铝闪石亚相在Darby山东侧发育,可能在Nome Group岩石中有所发育,半岛西南部钠长石—绿帘岩—角闪岩相组合代表Nome Group岩石的特征。岩带中部地区的变质作用从早期的硬柱石,到后来的绿帘石—铁铝榴石—篮闪石片岩亚相,局部发育有榴辉岩组合(Nome河以东)。高压变质矿物是同构造期的,并拥有中等规模的层内等斜褶皱和方向一致的压扁的叶理,隆起的开始很可能相当于在较早的钠质和阳起石质角闪石环边上有冻蓝闪石的生长,部分构造后绿片岩相的各种交代作用记录了后来的减压阶段,蛇绿岩及混杂岩不与Seward半岛的蓝片岩伴生,高压变质作用是由一个不定成因的外来体所引起的大陆板块的构造负荷所引起的,高压变质作用的P—T 条件大约是 9～11Kb,400～450℃,介于Shuksan和Franciscan岩区的P—T轨逆之间。     

新疆西天山高压变质带的变质矿物与变质作用演化

新疆西天山高压变质带主要由石榴石，角闪石，绿辉石，多硅白云母，钠云母，绿帘石，绿泥石，钠长石，石英，榍石和金红石等组成，石榴石主要含铁铝榴石组份，角闪石有蓝闪石，亚铁蓝闪石，青铝闪石，冻蓝闪石等类型，变质矿物组合显示高压变质带经历了由硬柱石蓝片岩相，榴辉岩相，绿帘蓝片岩相至绿片岩相的变质作用演化进程。     

Petrology of metabasites from the Terekta Complex as a constituent of ancient accretionary prism of Gorny Altai

The blueschist/greenshist Terekta Complex is the only blueschist locality known in the Russian Altai. The Terekta metabasites contain Na and Na–Ca amphibole, actinolite, phengite, epidote, albite, quartz, calcite, magnetite (or hematite). Depending on the amphibole composition, these rocks were subdivided into blueschist, transitional blueschist/greenschist and greenschist. Both blueschists and transitional blueschist/greenschists (glaucophane-bearing and winchite–actinolite schists) have compositions similar to alkaline basalts of oceanic islands, whereas the greenschists correspond to ocean-floor tholeiitic basalts, or MORB. Available geothermobarometry yielded the following estimates of metamorphic conditions: T=350–400 °C and P=6–8 kbar. The different mineral assemblages of the metabasites are believed to be a result of their different lithologies. The presence of matabasalts with ocean island basalt and MORB affinity, as well as the occurrence of layered metachert, marble, metagraywacke, and plates of serpentinized dunites, pyroxenites indicate that the complex was very likely a subduction-accretionary complex. The complex contains rocks of accretionary wedge, and fragments of oceanic crust which are regarded to be a remnant of an Early Paleozoic subduction zone in the Russian Altai.     

黑龙江杂岩中蓝片岩的地球化学特征和云母片岩的4期40Ar-39Ar年龄对佳木斯地块晚古生代至中生代构造演化的制约

黑龙江杂岩作为存在于佳木斯地块西缘的牡丹江洋俯冲—增生的唯一直接记录,对限定佳木斯地块晚古生代—中生代的构造演化具有关键作用。本文主要对依兰和牡丹江地区出露的黑龙江蓝片岩和云母片岩分别进行了地球化学和⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学方面的分析。研究结果显示,依兰和牡丹江地区的蓝片岩原岩均为碱性玄武岩,与 OIB的地球化学性质相一致,指示其形成于洋岛环境。结合作者在依兰地区发表的蓝片岩原岩结晶年龄为～288 Ma,表明在早二叠世时期,佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间存在古洋盆,即牡丹江洋。此外,在牡丹江地区黑龙江杂岩中获得的云母片岩白云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为187±2 Ma,其与变基性岩常常相伴产生,表明二者共同经历了牡丹江洋的俯冲消亡过程,因此代表了黑龙江蓝片岩的形成时代,即早侏罗世。综上,本文对佳木斯地块晚古生代—中生代的构造演化历史提出了新的解释,即：早二叠世,牡丹江洋一直存在于佳木斯地块与松嫩地块之间;早侏罗世,牡丹江洋向松嫩地块之下发生俯冲消减,进而造成佳木斯地块与松嫩地块发生碰撞拼贴。     

Relicts of an intra-oceanic arc in the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone (Ladakh, NW Himalaya, India): implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean

In the Ladakh–Zanskar area, relicts of both ophiolites and paleo-accretionary prism have been preserved in the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone. The paleo-accretionary prism, related to the northward subduction of the northern Neo-Tethys beneath the Ladakh Asian margin, mainly consists of tectonic intercalations of sedimentary and blueschist facies rocks. Whole rock chemical composition data provide new constraints on the origin of both the ophiolitic and the blueschist facies rocks. The ophiolitic rocks are interpreted as relicts of the south Ladakh intra-oceanic arc that were incorporated in the accretionary prism during imbrication of the arc. The blueschist facies rocks were previously interpreted as oceanic island basalts (OIB), but our new data suggest that the protolith of some of the blueschists is a calc-alkaline igneous rock that formed in an arc environment. These blueschists most likely originated from the south Ladakh intra-oceanic arc. This arc was accreted to the southern margin of Asia during the Late Cretaceous and the buried portion was metamorphosed under blueschist facies conditions. Following oceanic subduction, the external part of the arc was obducted to form the south Ladakh ophiolites or was incorporated into the Sapi-Shergol mélange zone. The incorporation of the south Ladakh arc into the accretionary prism implies that the complete closure of the Neo-Tethys likely occurred by Eocene time.     

Petrogeochemical conditions and geodynamic settings of volcanic rocks in the Kiselyovka–Manoma accretionary complex (Russian Far East)

The Kiselyovka–Manoma accretionary complex formed at the end of the Early Cretaceous during subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate underneath the Khingan–Okhotsk active continental margin along the east of Eurasia. It is composed of Jurassic–Early Cretaceous oceanic chert, siliceous mudstone, and limestone that include a significant amount of basic volcanic rocks. The known and newly obtained data on the petrogeochemistry of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous basalt from various parts of the accretionary complex are systemized in the paper. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these data, the possible geodynamic settings of the basalt are considered. The petrogeochemical characteristics provide evidence for the formation of basalt in different parts of the oceanic floor within the spreading ridge, as well as on oceanic islands far from the ridge. The basalts of oceanic islands are mostly preserved in the accretionary complex. The compositional variations of the basalts may be controlled by the different thickness of the oceanic lithosphere on which they formed. This is explained by the varying distances of the lithosphere from the spreading zone.     

Architecture and composition of ocean floor subducted beneath northern Gondwana during Neoproterozoic to Cambrian: A palinspastic reconstruction based on Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS)

The Blovice accretionary complex, Bohemian Massif, hosts well-preserved basaltic blocks derived from an oceanic plate subducted beneath the northern active margin of Gondwana during late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian. The major and trace element and Hf–Nd isotope systematics revealed two different suites, tholeiitic and alkaline, whose composition reflects different sources of melts within a back-arc basin setting. The former suite has composition similar to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), yet with striking enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and Pb paralleled by depletion in Nb, in agreement with its derivation from depleted mantle fluxed by subduction-related fluids. In contrast, the latter suite has composition similar to ocean island basalts (OIB) with variable contribution of ancient, recycled crustal material. We argue that both suites represent volcanic members of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) and indicate that the oceanic realm consumed by the Cadomian subduction was a complex mosaic of intra-oceanic subduction zones, volcanic island arcs, and back-arc basins with mantle plume impinging the spreading centre. Hence, the basalt geochemistry implies that two distinct domains of oceanic lithosphere may have existed off the Gondwana’s continental edge: an outboard domain, made up of old and less buoyant oceanic lithosphere (remnants of the Mirovoi Ocean surrounding former Rodinia?) that was steeply subducted and generated the back-arcs, and young, hot, and more buoyant oceanic lithosphere generated in the back-arcs and later involved in accretionary complexes as dismembered OPS. Perhaps the best recent analogy of this setting is the Izu Bonin–Mariana arc–Philippine Sea in the western Pacific.     

全球洋岛和洋底高原海山中的中酸性岩——数据挖掘及其意义

洋岛类型的海山和洋底高原类型的海山主要由玄武岩组成, 中酸性岩出露很少, 因此很少引起学术界的关注。 我们认为即便中酸性岩很少, 研究他们也是很有意义的, 因为这些中酸性岩不仅可能与洋岛和洋底高原玄武岩的构造背景有关, 也可能与洋岛和洋底高原在形成中酸性岩时的温度和压力变化有关, 这对正确认识洋岛和洋底高原形成的地球动力学背景是很有意义的。 本次研究收集了 GEOROC 数据库中的数据总量为 44 404 个, 经过清洗留下有效数据 3 908 个, 分为洋岛中酸性岩（OIG）、洋底高原中酸性岩（OPG）和洋底高原中酸性岩中的岛弧部分（OPAG）3 类。 学术界通常认为, 洋岛代表热点, 洋底高原温度相对较低, 属于大火成岩省。 然而, 本文对全球洋岛和洋底高原的中酸性岩浆岩的研究表明, 分布在洋岛和洋底高原的中酸性岩主要是板内环境的富碱性的粗面岩和碱性流纹岩, 洋底高原边缘可能受俯冲带的影响, 部分中酸性岩具有岛弧的地球化学特征。 按照中酸性岩的 Sr-Yb 分类, 可知洋岛中酸性岩大多属于南岭型和广西型, 洋底高原海山中酸性岩主要属于南岭型, 广西型很少, 指示洋底高原中酸性岩形成的深度比洋岛浅, 温度也比洋岛低, 同时表明中酸性岩大多形成的压力较低而温度很高, 指示伴有高热中酸性岩的洋岛和洋底高原是地球上的热点。 本文认为, 洋岛和洋底高原中酸性岩并非学术界普遍认为的是玄武岩和碧玄岩分离结晶形成的, 因为洋岛和洋底高原岩浆岩如果是双峰式分布的话, 则不大可能是分离结晶的, 其中的酸性岩部分可能是玄武岩部分熔融形成的。 同时有些岩浆演化的关系表明, 中酸性岩在哈克图解中与玄武岩受不同因素制约, 说明并非演化的关系。     

滇东南猛洞岩群斜长角闪岩成因及其构造意义

滇东南老君山地区发育猛洞岩群前寒武系斜长角闪岩,呈港湾状分布在片岩、片麻岩中,并为后期变质-变形作用叠加改造。斜长角闪岩SiO_2质量分数为47.0%~50.4%,西蒙尼图解、DF及A-K图解均显示其原岩为正变质岩,因此推测为一套变质基性岩。斜长角闪岩地球化学特征显示,稀土总量w(ΣREE)=(214~267)×10~(-6),高于洋岛玄武岩,其配分模式与洋岛玄武岩相似,为轻稀土富集的右倾曲线;蛛网图显示Ba、Zr、Hf、Y元素亏损,富集Rb、Th、Ta、Nb、Ce、Sm元素,与板内碱性玄武岩特征类似;Zr/TiO_2-Nb/Y、TiO_2-10MnO-10P_2O_5、La/10-Nb/8-Y/15、Th/Zr-Nb/Zr、Th/Hf-Ta/Hf等判别图解显示,原岩为一套亚碱性—碱性玄武岩岩浆系列,其形成可能与大陆裂谷环境有关。角闪石及斜长石内部指示的(亚)显微结构较为发育,主要有自由位错、位错列,偶见位错环或位错偶极,与角闪石-斜长石矿物对获得的平均温度和压力(646℃、0.88GPa)一致,最高变质程度达低角闪岩相;同时,前人获得榍石U-Pb年代学及南温河片麻岩状花岗岩变质增生锆石均为230 Ma左右,代表印支期构造-热事件,此时老君山变质核杂岩雏形开始形成。     

江山-绍兴构造带陈蔡岩群斜长角闪岩变质时代、地球化学特征及其构造演化意义

目前前人对于陈蔡岩群的变质时限和形成环境的认识观点不一.斜长角闪岩作为陈蔡岩群的重要岩石单元,是认识整个陈蔡岩群原岩性质和构造演化最重要的窗口之一.对陈蔡岩群中的斜长角闪岩开展了详细的年代学和岩石地球化学研究.SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果显示,斜长角闪岩锆石加权平均年龄为424.0±3.6 Ma,代表了峰期变质事件时间,并保留了新元古代晚期到早古生代早期的变质年龄记录;地球化学特征和判别图解表明,陈蔡岩群斜长角闪岩原岩为洋岛碱性玄武岩,结合野外观察到的斜长角闪岩与大理岩密切共生现象,认为其原岩可能为一套来自洋岛-海山体系的洋岛玄武岩-碳酸盐岩组合.陈蔡岩群的原岩可能是在古南华洋板块向扬子板块俯冲过程中形成的增生楔岩石组合,在早古生代晚期经历了角闪岩相变质作用.      

The origin and emplacement of the Lajishankou ophiolite complex in the South Qilian belt: evidences from geological mapping

Many ophiolite complexes like those of Oman and New Caledonia represent fragments of ancient oceanic crust and upper mantle generated at supra‐subduction zone environments and have been obducted onto the adjacent rifted continental margin together with the accretionary complexes and intra‐oceanic arcs. The Lajishan ophiolite complexes in the Qilian orogenic belt along the NE edge of the Tibet‐Qinghai Plateau are one of several ophiolites situated to the south of the Central Qilian block. Our geological mapping and petrological investigations suggest that the Lajishankou ophiolite complex consists of serpentinite, wehrlite, pyroxenite, gabbro, dolerite, and pillow and massive basalts that occur in a series of elongate fault‐bounded slices. An accretionary complex composed mainly of basalt, radiolarian chert, sandstone, mudstone, and mélange lies structurally beneath the ophiolite complex. The Lajishankou ophiolite complex and accretionary complex were emplaced onto the Qingshipo Formation of the Central Qilian block which shows features typical of turbidites deposited in a deep‐water environment of passive continental margin. Our geochemical and geochronological studies indicate that the mafic rocks in the Lajishankou ophiolite complex can be categorized into three distinct groups: massive island arc tholeiites, 509 Ma back‐arc dolerite dykes, and 491 Ma pillow basaltic and dolerite slices that are of seamount origin in a back‐arc basin. The ophiolite and accretionary complex constitute a Cambrian‐early Ordovician trench‐arc system within the South Qilian belt during the early Paleozoic southward subduction of the South Qilian Ocean prior to Early Ordovician obduction of this system onto the Central Qilian block.