PMS粒子测量系统工作原理及飞行采样方案设计

介绍了ＰＭＳ粒子测量系统中ＡＳＡＳＰ－１００、ＦＳＳＰ－１００、２ＤＣ、２ＤＰ探头及数据采集系统（２Ｄ－６４）的工作原理、在云物理和人工增雨中的应用及我省几种采样飞行探测方案的设计。     

农业技术转移决策支持系统(DSSAT)新进展

农业技术转移决策支持系统ＤＳＳＡＴ Ｖ３是现阶段比较成熟的作物生产管理计算机决策支持系统，和其前代版本ＤＳＳＡＴＶ２．１相比，它具有更大的灵活性和更完善的功能。作者以近年来对ＤＳＳＡＴ的研究和实践为基础，从ＤＳＳＡＴ Ｖ３外壳和作物模型两方面来阐述其新特点以及应用前景。     

GrADS在数值产品分析中的开发应用

介绍了ＧｒＡＤＳ图形分析系统的编程方法,应用ＧｒＡＤＳ软件对数值模式的输出结果进行了编程处理,并结合实例介绍了它在实际中的多种程序设计和图形分析方法。     

断电或死机后找回输入文字的方法

在使用计算机ＷＰＳ系统输入文字时,有时会遇到意外断电或“死机”的现象。出现这种情况如何迅速找回已输入的文字呢,下面介绍两种救回方法。设编辑的文件名为ＡＢＣ。方法一：在ＤＯＳ下用ＤＩＲ找ＡＢＣ·ＢＡＫ（这是ＤＯＳ留下的后备文件,可保存最后一个ＡＢＣ内容...     

小麦栽培模拟优化决策系统(WCSODS)介绍及应用

作物生长过程的计算机模拟是国际上近 30年来迅速崛起的一项新技术 ,它的应用与发展已引起农学家、作物生理学家、作物生态学家和农业气象学家与日俱增的重视[1] 。在此背景下 ,江苏省农科院高亮之、金之庆先生从 1 992～ 1 997年主持完成了国家自然科学基金项目小麦栽培模拟优化决策系统ＷＣＳＯＤＳ (ＷＨＥＡＴＣＵＬＴＩＶＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＤＥＣＩ ＳＩＯＮ -ＭＡＫＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭ )的研制工作。ＷＣＳＯＤＳ是继水稻栽培模拟优化决策系统之后 ,我国自行研制的又一个大型综合性的农作物…     

基于ＤＳＰ的Ｌｉｕ混沌系统的实现

介绍了一种用ＤＳＰ实现Ｌｉｕ混沌系统的方案．采用ＴＭＳ３２０Ｆ２８１２和ＤＡ转换芯片ＴＬＣ７５２８Ｃ作为工具,将Ｌｉｕ系统离散化后用ＤＳＰ进行迭代计算,再进行ＤＡ转换,输出到示波器上得到相图,并与Ｍａｔｌａｂ仿真结果比较,证明了该方法的正确性．使用该方法不仅观察到了数字电路中的混沌现象,应用到实际中还可与其他数字器件完好地对接,拓宽了混沌理论的应用领域．     

GrADS使用简介

１ 前 言 ＧｒＡＤＳ（Ｇｒｉｄ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ａｎｄ Ｄｉｓｐｌａｙ Ｓｙｓ－ｔｅｍ）是美国马里兰大学气象系 Ｂｒｉａｎ Ｅ．Ｄｏｔｙ开发的气象数据分析与显示软件。ＧｒＡＤＳ提供一个全３２位交互操作的气象格点数据与站点数据的分析与显示环境,具有强大的气象数据分析能力、丰富的地图投影坐标,以及彩色动画等功能,因此迅速成为国内外气象数据显示的标准平台之一。近几年,随着ＰＣ机的普及、性能的不断提高,ＧｒＡＤＳ推出了基于ＰＣ机的ＤＯＳ版本,为需要用到ＧｒＡＤＳ,却不具备ＵＮＩＸ图形工作站的广大气象工作者带…     

农业气象试验站温室土壤温度控制系统

采用８０３１,８２７９,８２５５,ＡＤＣ０８０９,２８６４,６２６４等芯片组成一实用的温室土壤温度控制系统。由键盘输入温室土壤的上,下限温度,通过ＡＤＣ０８０９对温室土壤温度进行采样,并实时显示土壤温度。当土壤温度超越上,下限时,系统报警,并进行自动处理。     

建立一个批命令从WIN95桌面直接进入AHDM系统

目前,大部分台站开展微机制作报表,计算机内已存有ＡＨＤＭ软件时,可以编辑一个简单的批处理命令,使系统从ＷＩＮ９５桌面直接进入到ＡＨＤＭ系统而不需要进行每一步繁琐的操作。具体编辑过程：启动计算机进入ＷＩＮ９５桌面。单击“开始”栏,选择“程序”中的“ＭＳ...     

SVD方法在气象场诊断分析中的普适性

本文首次从理论上推导证明两个气象场的奇异值分解（ＳＶＤ）在气象场时空分布耦合信号的诊断分析中具有普适性。结果表明，两个场的ＳＶＤ求解准则不同于典型相关分析（ＣＣＡ），且ＣＣＡ模型可视为ＳＶＤ之特例，尤其当各个场经ＰＣＡ滤波后，其ＣＣＡ完全与ＳＶＤ等价。ＳＶＤ分析的结果不但可完全代替ＣＣＡ，且计算更简便，所得耦合信号的物理解释更清晰，特别适合于大尺度气象场的遥相关型研究。     

基于模糊理论的气象科研项目风险与绩效评估

通过对项目风险进行综合分析、审定,确立一种气象科研项目的立项风险评估指标及体系的准则;从风险角度出发,构建出一组多级指标的项目风险评估指标体系;采用定性和定量相结合的方法,提出一种基于模糊理论的风险评估体系和模型,对科研项目的立项进行综合评估,给出评估意见,给决策提供指导意见;同时,提出一种气象科研项目绩效考核及推广方法.     

Prioritising resilience policies to reduce welfare losses from natural disasters: A case study for coastal Bangladesh

Quantified flood risk assessments focus on asset losses, neglecting longer-term impacts to household welfare via income and consumption losses. The extent of welfare losses depends upon resilience – the ability to anticipate, resist, cope, recover and learn from a shock. Here, we use a novel welfare loss modelling framework and perform a high-resolution spatial analysis in coastal Bangladesh to quantify welfare losses from a tropical cyclone under present and future climatic and socio-economic conditions. We further test various adaptation options that are intended to enhance resilience. Results show that poor households experience, on average, 7% of the asset losses, but 42% of the welfare losses. Combining dike heightening, post-disaster support and stronger housing can reduce welfare losses by up to 70%, and foster sustainable development by benefitting the poor, increasing resilience and demonstrating robustness under socio-economic and climatic uncertainties. Thus, a welfare-orientated perspective helps to identify adaptation options that enhance resilience and leave no-one behind.     

榆林市气象台短期预报业务平台

实行会计委派制，是会计管理体制的一次重大改革，有利于规范会计基础，提高会计信息质量，有利于增加财政收入，控制财政支出，加强资金管理。本文通过自己在实践中的体会进一步阐述了会计委派制的积极意义。     

Time and space matter: How urban transitions create inequality

An increase in transportation costs impacts the welfare of households living on the outskirts of the city more than the other inhabitants and, in the short term, limited housing supply stops them from moving toward the center. Over a longer period, however, urban adjustments cancel out this inequality: (1) in the center, rent level rises because of higher demand, inducing investment in additional housing and increasing city density; (2) on the outskirts, housing demand decreases until rent level decreases and compensates for higher transportation expenditures. Inertia in housing supply and household re-locations leads, therefore, to the development of spatial inequalities.To investigate this issue, we built a dynamic model that reproduces urban transitions in monocentric cities, and enables quantifying in continuous time their spatialized consequences. Applied to the implementation of a transportation tax, the model suggests that a rapid implementation would induce (i) higher welfare losses than can be inferred from traditional models and (ii) major redistributive effects throughout the city. Finally, the model suggests that an early and progressive implementation is to be preferred to late and aggressive action.These results challenge current assessment methods of climate change stabilization strategies and show that it is essential to take into account urban dynamics and inequalities in the design of climate policy.     

加强省级气象部门业务项目管理内部控制的思考

气象部门垂直业务管理体系和双重计划财务管理体制的特点,决定其业务项目管理的特殊性和复杂性,特别是项目来源多样、资金来源多元,进一步增加了内部控制制定和执行的难度。为切实抓好项目内部控制管理,充分发挥资金的使用效益,该文就省级气象部门业务项目的立项、实施、验收等现状进行了调研、总结,对存在问题及原因进行了分析,并提出了对策措施,以期对做好业务项目内部控制管理有一定的借鉴作用。     

2021年度气象联合基金项目评审简析

2020年,国家自然科学基金委员会和中国气象局签署协议共同出资设立气象联合基金,备受大气科学界的广泛关注。2021年,气象联合基金项目指南首次发布,项目评审顺利完成。气象联合基金共接收申请71项,受理69项,资助14项重点支持项目,资助率20.3%,平均资助强度264.6万元/项,项目年均资助强度（66.2万元/年）超过了地球科学部常规重点项目。为优化组织管理方式,气象联合基金管理委员会特设立学术指导专家组,加强气象联合基金的顶层设计,充分发挥科学家在资助决策和管理工作中的重要作用。针对申请量不均衡、少数申请书科研代表作不实等问题,气象联合基金管理委员会拟通过多种渠道加强政策宣传,提高申请质量,汇聚优势科研力量,助力气象科技事业高质量发展。     

The special climate change fund: origins and prioritisation assessment

The Special Climate Change (SCC) fund was established by the Marrakesh Accords under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This fund will finance climate change activities in the areas of: adaptation, technology transfer, certain specific sectors, and activities to assist oil-exporting countries diversify their economies. These activities are to be complementary to those funded by the Global Environment Facility and by bilateral and multilateral funding. This paper describes the origins of the SCC fund and proposes a framework for the prioritisation of its activities. The fund has a complicated history that is intrinsically linked to numerous Convention issues, which explains the range of activities included in it. The framework proposed is based on certain principles: sound scientific knowledge, the ultimate objective of the Convention, “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” and the status of the climate negotiations. This appraisal suggests that the fund should prioritise adaptation, followed by mitigation and finally economic diversification.     

Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research

This paper outlines a framework for studying the multiple interactions of broadly defined food systems with global environmental change and evaluating the major societal outcomes affected by these interactions: food security, ecosystem services and social welfare. In building the framework the paper explores and synthesizes disparate literature on food systems food security and global environmental change, bridging social science and natural science perspectives. This collected evidence justifies a representation of food systems, which can be used to identify key processes and determinants of food security in a given place or time, particularly the impacts of environmental change. It also enables analysis of the feedbacks from food system outcomes to drivers of environmental and social change, as well as tradeoffs among the food system outcomes themselves. In food systems these tradeoffs are often between different scales or levels of decision-making or management, so solutions to manage them must be context-specific. With sufficient empirical evidence, the framework could be used to build a database of typologies of food system interactions useful for different management or analytical purposes.     

The effect of learning on membership and welfare in an International Environmental Agreement

Better information about the cost-benefit of abatement has an ambiguous effect on both the equilibrium membership and on aggregate welfare of an international environmental agreement. Previous papers claim that (complete) learning increases membership and decreases aggregate welfare. That claim is based on analysis of approximations to the relations between a damage parameter and membership and welfare. Those approximations have characteristics not shared by the functions they are intended to approximate, so conclusions based on the approximations are wrong. The correct result is that complete learning increases membership and welfare when the damage parameter is “very likely to be high” , and the reverse holds when the damage parameter is “very likely to be low”.     

国家自然科学基金大气科学学科二级申请代码下设研究方向与关键词解读:D0508行星大气

近年来,国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部地球科学五处（大气科学学科）调整了基金申请代码,优化了学科布局。其中,一个重要改变是新增了二级申请代码D0508行星大气。本文就这一申请代码下的3个研究方向和24个关键词的设置进行解读,说明其设置的具体缘由和相关联系。通过本文的介绍,基金申请人可以更好地了解这些研究方向与关键词的设置逻辑,为基金申请过程中更为准确地选择研究方向与关键词提供借鉴。新增该申请代码的主要目的是促进我国行星大气研究,壮大我国行星大气科学研究队伍,不断推进我国大气科学的发展。