共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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我国气象卫星及应用发展与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
截止到2008年6月底,我国已成功发射了4颗风云一号极轨气象卫星、1颗风云三号极轨气象卫星和4颗风云二号静止气象卫星.目前,风云一号D星、风云二号C和D星在轨业务运行,风云三号A星正在在轨测试中.我国的气象卫星已初步实现了业务化、系列化,率先实现了国防科工委提出的我国遥感卫星从试验应用型向业务服务型转变的目标.同时,我国也已成为世界上同时拥有极轨和静止两个系列气象卫星的3个国家或国家集团之一.世界气象组织已将风云一号系列、风云二号系列和风云三号系列卫星纳入全球业务应用气象卫星序列,使我国风云卫星成为全球综合地球观测系统的重要成员.我国气象卫星在我国国民经济建设和防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用,也为区域,乃至全球许多国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献.回顾了我国气象卫星及地面应用系统的发展历程,简要总结了我国气象卫星应用所取得的重要成绩,同时对未来我国气象卫星的发展趋势和发展目标等进行了展望. 相似文献
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中国气象卫星和卫星气象研究的回顾和发展 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:14
气象卫星和卫星气象是大气科学中发展最迅速、成就最显著的一项大气探测技术和新兴的分支学科。目前 ,气象卫星已经成为地球大气探测系统中的主要成员 ,而卫星气象学则正在覆盖地球系统科学中的主要方面。文中从 3个方面综述自 2 0世纪 70年代以来的 30多年时间内 ,中国在这一领域内取得的主要成就 :(1)中国气象卫星的发展历史和现状 ,重点介绍了中国的极轨和地球静止气象卫星的发射、运行状况和主要技术指标及发展史。 (2 )气象卫星遥感原理和方法等方面的主要成果 ,重点评述了大气温湿廓线遥感反演、云特性反演、气溶胶特性反演、降水反演和云迹风生成等 5个方面的主要成果。 (3)气象卫星资料应用研究成果 ,主要包括气象卫星资料在天气分析和预报中的应用、在数值预报中的应用和在气候监测和短期气候预测中的应用。此外还包括同化和气候监测与预测研究的最新成果。 相似文献
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李工 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1997,20(4):54-55
气象卫星在国民经济发展中的作用,已经为各方面所共识,无论是在天气预报、气候预报、环境和自然灾害监测、航空航海及军事应用等各方面,其效益都是十分巨大的。1997年6月10日20时01分,我国第一代静止气象卫星“风云二号”发射成功;从1960年世界上第一颗气象卫星发射算起,至今已有6个国家和地区组织发射了129颗气象卫星,其中极轨98颗(含1994年12月美国发射的NOAA-14),静止31颗(含1994年4月美国发射的GOES-8、1994年10月俄罗斯发射的GOMS和1995年5月美国发射的GOES-9)。我国是继美国、前苏联之后第三个把极轨气象卫星送… 相似文献
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介绍了我国新一代风云气象卫星风云三号研发进展,有效载荷及每种探测仪器的基本特征和探测能力,同时概述了风云四号静止气象卫星的发展目标及研究计划。 相似文献
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气象卫星发展是国家气象现代化的重要标志,卫星资料在气象预报预测、防灾减灾、应对气候变化和开发利用气候资源中充分应用是气象卫星发展的根本目的。文中回顾了2005—2015年我国气象卫星业务服务能力提升进展情况,并对气象卫星资料在数值预报、天气分析、气候与气候变化、环境与灾害监测评估、农业气象等领域应用进行了分析总结,并对未来气象卫星技术发展和应用趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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Review and Development on the Studies of Chinese Meteorological Satellite and Satellite Meteorology
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Meteorological satellite and satellite meteorology are the fastest developing new branches in the atmospheric sciences. Today the meteorological satellite has become a key element in the global atmospheric sounding system while the satellite meteorology is covering the main components of earth's system science. This article describes the major achievements that China has made in these fields in the past 30 years. The following contents are involved: (1) History and present status of China's meteorological satellites. It covers the development, launch, operation, technical parameters of China's polar and geostationary meteorological satellites. (2) Major achievements on remote sensing principle and method. It describes the retrieval of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, cloud character retrieval, aerosol character retrieval, precipitation retrieval as well as the generation of cloud wind. (3) Achievement on the studies of meteorological satellite data application. This part covers the applications of meteorological satellite data to weather analysis and forecast, numerical forecast, climate monitoring, and prediction of short-term climate change. Besides, the new results on data assimilation, climate monitoring, and forecast are also included. 相似文献
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Peng ZHANG Qifeng LU Xiuqing HU Songyan GU Lei YANG Min MIN Lin CHEN Na XU Ling Sun Wenguang BAI Gang MA Di XIAN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):1027-1045
In this paper,the latest progress,major achievements and future plans of Chinese meteorological satellites and the core data processing techniques are discussed.First,the latest three FengYun(FY)meteorological satellites(FY-2H,FY-3D,and FY-4A)and their primary objectives are introduced Second,the core image navigation techniques and accuracies of the FY meteorological satellites are elaborated,including the latest geostationary(FY-2/4)and polar-orbit(FY-3)satellites.Third,the radiometric calibration techniques and accuracies of reflective solar bands,thermal infrared bands,and passive microwave bands for FY meteorological satellites are discussed.It also illustrates the latest progress of real-time calibration with the onboard calibration system and validation with different methods,including the vicarious China radiance calibration site calibration,pseudo invariant calibration site calibration,deep convective clouds calibration,and lunar calibration.Fourth,recent progress of meteorological satellite data assimilation applications and quantitative science produce are summarized at length.The main progress is in meteorological satellite data assimilation by using microwave and hyper-spectral infrared sensors in global and regional numerical weather prediction models.Lastly,the latest progress in radiative transfer,absorption and scattering calculations for satellite remote sensing is summarized,and some important research using a new radiative transfer model are illustrated. 相似文献
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气象灾害灾情共享系统设计用于实时、历史气象灾害灾情数据的收集、上报、传输、处理、应用和管理。系统分为采集传输、数据逻辑和应用服务3层,由灾情直报客户端、数据传输分系统、灾情预处理和入库分系统、气象灾害灾情收集、整理、分析和评估网站、气象灾害灾情综合数据库组成。重点介绍构建气象灾害灾情系统的灾情数据规范化收集、质量控制和空间化分析等关键技术。在国家级气象部门的业务应用表明,系统实现了干旱、暴雨、台风、高温、低温等气象灾害灾情收集、处理、分析和共享,能够满足灾害性天气预报和服务需求,并对各级气象部门构建气象灾害灾情共享系统具有指导意义。 相似文献
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This study introduces some innovations in the data processing algorithm for Chinese FY meteorological satellites. Issues about satellite image navigation, radiation calibration, and data assimilation are discussed.
A time series of the earth's disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle (β) subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth's disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level.
The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared (IR) bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody (IBB) measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite's IR imagery of less than 1 K.
The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measurement conditions or may be 相似文献
A time series of the earth's disk center-line count provides information on the orientation of the satellite spin axis. With this information, the altitude parameters of the satellite and then the earth disk location in the south-north direction may be solved. In each spin cycle, the satellite views the sun and the earth. Given the satellite position and altitude, the angle (β) subtended at the satellite by the sun and the earth can be calculated and predicted. Thus, the earth's disk location in the east-west direction is fixed. Based on this principle, we derived an automatic image navigation algorithm for FY2 geosynchronous meteorological satellites with an accuracy approaching pixel level.
The FY2 meteorological satellite traveling in a geostationary orbit suffers a large amount of radiation from the sun. The radiation varies on both diurnal and annual scales, which causes radiation responses in the thermal infrared (IR) bands wherein the wavelengths greater than 3.5 μm vibrate periodically on scales of hours to years. These vibrations must be precisely calibrated. First, based on the accurate estimation of the radiant contribution from the front-optics, the variation characteristics of the calibration parameters are obtained on a temporal scale of hours from the space-borne inner-blackbody (IBB) measurement results. Second, the in-orbit measured radiation of the lunar surface is referenced and utilized to correct the sys- tematic bias of the IBB calibration from daily to annual scales. By using such algorithms, we achieved a calibration accuracy of the FY2 satellite's IR imagery of less than 1 K.
The on-orbit satellite instrument parameters play an important role in data quality; however, they may be mis-measured due to limitations in the measurement conditions or may be 相似文献
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气象卫星的通道选择及其开发应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了气象卫星通道选择的原则及现有各种卫星的通道,重点介绍了NOAA卫星AVHRR各通道及静止气象卫星水汽通道的用途,特别提出了多通道的应用是现有气象卫星资料开发应用的方向。 相似文献
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Liu Airong 《河南气象》2007,(Z1)
构建气象信息共享平台,即充分利用报纸、广播、电视、短信、互联网、警报器等载体,及时发布气象预报、预警,确保公众及时获得气象信息。通过研究气象信息共享平台及关键技术,为气象信息资源的整合与有效共享提供了技术解决方案。 相似文献