X波段双线偏振天气雷达双通道一致性测试及分析

对房山X波段双线偏振天气雷达的天线性能、接收动态范围、噪声系数、系统定标能力以及接收双通道一致性进行测试分析,结果表明:天线增益和交叉极化隔离度最小值分别为44.73dB和36.1dB、双通道差分反射率ZDR和差分传播相位ΦDP标准差分别为0.02dB和0.26°、双通道的噪声系数最大平均值为2.02dB,均满足该雷达系统相应的指标设计要求;双通道的动态曲线特征和回波强度定标性能一致性存在差异,会对雷达系统探测数据质量造成不利影响。同时对该雷达系统的差分反射率ZDR标定方法进行了探讨,对雷达探测降水个例数据进行了分析。     

双线偏振雷达标定技术应用

正随着双线偏振雷达技术的成熟和广泛应用,对双偏振量标定方法、精度和稳定性提出了更高的要求。使用双偏振标定技术可以全面检查雷达系统的状态,实时在线校正雷达系统偏差,提高双线偏振雷达数据质量。随着双线偏振天气雷达技术不断成熟和部署,对雷达数据质量和数据稳定性提出了更高的要求。双线偏振雷达较传统的单偏振雷达新增的三个基本物理量分别为水平和垂直线极化幅度差异差分反射率(ZDR)、相位差异差分传播相移(φDP)和两通道     

X波段双线偏振多普勒雷达资料质量评估

以山东省首部X波段全固态双线偏振多普勒天气雷达724XSP观测的几次降水过程资料为例,与济南站多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)资料进行对比分析,并利用XSP雷达观测的层状云降水资料进行偏振参量的质量分析。结果表明:XSP雷达波束在穿越层状云云体时的衰减比较均匀,与SA雷达探测的云体结构比较接近,但XSP雷达对45 dBZ以上强回波的探测能力较差,尤其探测冰雹云云体结构时二者差别较大。对偏振参量分析发现,当SNR10 dB时,Z_(DR)、CC、Φ_(DP)和K_(DP)等偏振参量受噪声影响明显,误差较大不可信;当SNR位于15~23 dB时,Z_(DR)和CC的测量值有明显波动,质量较差;XSP雷达的Z_(DR)测量值较理论值偏低0.5 dB;Φ_(DP)和K_(DP)资料受衰减影响较小,当SNR10dB时,质量比较可靠。     

CINRAD/SA雷达双偏振升级数据质量分析评估

广州CINRAD/SA雷达完成双偏振升级改造后,本文评估分析了其探测灵敏度、地物抑制能力以及差分反射率ZDR,差分相移Φ_(DP)、差分相移率K_(DP)及相关系数的数据质量,结果表明:双偏振升级后雷达灵敏度与升级前基本一致,地物杂波抑制效果有明显改善;ZDR系统偏差变化稳定,随Z的增长趋势与经验值一致,测量误差不超过0.2dB;Φ_(DP)的初始相位具有较好的稳定性,K_(DP)对强降水敏感,与强降水有很好的对应关系;相关系数能够很好地区分气象和非气象回波。     

国产双偏振天气雷达差分反射率测量性能分析

双偏振天气雷达对气象目标差分反射率(Z_(DR))的精确测量是我国新一代天气雷达双偏振升级过程中的一个重要环节。本文介绍了采用机外仪表、机内测试信号、太阳、小雨等方法对双偏振天气雷达系统引入的Z_(DR)偏差进行测量的原理,分析了影响Z_(DR)测量精度的关键因素,即发射机、接收机和方位旋转关节引入的Z_(DR)动态偏差。比较了各种标定方法的优点和局限性。以南京大学C波段双偏振雷达为例,给出了采用机外仪表、太阳、小雨方法对雷达系统引入的Z_(DR)偏差的实测结果,并对测量结果进行了比较分析,发现3种方法的测量结果具有较好的一致性;且Z_(DR)测量值随方位角的变化具有一定的规律,因此随着双偏振雷达的长期运转,方位旋转关节的影响不可忽略。本文对未来我国双偏振雷达的业务运行和组网观测具有一定的参考价值。     

车载X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达及其数据处理系统

文章介绍了车载X波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达及其数据处理系统,并对其资料质量和应用问题进行了分析和讨论。该雷达采用的单发双收的工作机制,实现对Z_H、Z_(DR)、Φ_(DP)、K_(DP)、ρ_(HV)(0)以及L_(DR)等参数的探测。这些信息反映了云和降水粒子的范围、大小和运动变化等特征,是研究云和降水特别是灾害性天气的形成机制及其物理过程变化的有效工具。基于该雷达的数据处理系统是在利用这些测量参数的基础上,可以实现降水处理和降水粒子相态识别功能,为用户提供有效的气象服务。     

广州S波段双线偏振天气雷达双通道一致性测试及分析

双线偏振天气雷达双通道的一致性,是新一代天气雷达双线偏振升级的技术关键。本文分别采用机外仪表和机内测试信号,测试分析了广州CINRAD/SA-D双线偏振雷达接收机双通道的一致性。结果表明:①接收机双通道的动态范围、噪声系数、强度定标等满足设计指标,但测试结果也存在一定的差异,导致偏振参量差分反射率因子ZDR和差分相移ΦDP产生误差,需要对这种差异进行定期检查和修正,以确保双通道一致性;②旋转关节对整个接收链路的信号幅度和相位一致性有影响,这种影响随着方位的变化呈现出一定的周期变化规律,因此随着双线偏振雷达的长期运行,方位旋转关节的影响不可忽略。     

双线偏振雷达双通道一致性及测试方法研究

从偏振天气雷达通道一致性的重要性出发,分析了雷达系统本身特性(天线、接收机、旋转铰链和馈线)对双通道一致性的影响。结合目前国内外偏振雷达所能达到的指标,提出了双通道一致性的测试内容和方法,并给出性能指标要求。根据上述方法,获得了北京市气象局C波段双线偏振天气雷达天线和双通道的测试结果,对如何提高双线偏振雷达的性能及评估性能好坏具有一定的参考意义。     

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的优劣将直接影响雷达探测能力和气象目标定量测量的精度。双线偏振雷达主要采用交替发射和双发双收两种模式,即水平和垂直线偏振波交替发射同时接收和同时发射同时接收两种形式。本文基于双线偏振天气雷达天线误差对气象目标探测精度影响的研究和分析,提出了双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法,特别对如何在雷达工作现场利用太阳和专用信号源检测评估双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的方法进行了说明。     

我国双线偏振雷达探测理论及应用研究

在１９８４～１９９５年期间，中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所研制完成了我国第一部Ｃ波段双线偏振雷达系统，并首先在国内开展了双线偏振雷达探测理论及应用研究，取得了一些成果，可供雷达气象及相关部门参考。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.