一次聊城强降雨天气过程诊断分析

利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、NCEP1°×1°逐日再分析资料和济南多普勒雷达资料,对2015年8月3—4日聊城市一次强降雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明:此次强降水天气的主要影响系统有500hPa西风槽、850~700hPa切变线、850hPa西南急流;降水前边界层逆温层有利于不稳定能量积聚,是产生雷电、大风的有利条件;强降水前低层大气高温、高湿,冷空气从700~850hPa入侵,触发不稳定能量释放造成强降水;850hPa以下水汽大量积聚到鲁西北地区,强水汽输送为本次强降水的发生提供了有利的水汽条件;降水时间内整层大气都存在强上升运动,加强了低层水汽辐合和不稳定能量释放;雷达回波显示本次强降水过程分为2个时段,3日14:16—15:37主要为对流性降水,3日16:01—4日00:00为层状云降水。     

2012年7月鲁东南地区连续大暴雨过程成因分析

通过常规观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和加密自动站资料,对2012年7月7—10日连续发生在鲁东南地区的两次大暴雨过程进行了成因分析。分析表明：副热带高压的西伸北抬和稳定维持使西南低空急流长时间维持为大暴雨连续发生提供了充足的水汽和能量。第一次过程鲁东南位于切变线南侧和西南急流左侧;第二次过程鲁东南位于低涡东南象限和地面气旋东北象限。强降水中心位于850hPa高能舌顶端和925hPa高能中心重合处。第一次过程无明显冷空气,是边界层的强辐合和上升运动造成了强降水;第二次过程近地面有冷空气侵入,辐合和上升运动中心到达700hPa把水汽输送到较高的高度,有利于高效率降水的产生。     

青藏高原东部“7.29”区域性强降水天气特征分析

利用micaips系统常规资料、物理量产品、卫星云图、区域自动站实测资料,对2012年7月29-30日发生在青藏高原东部的区域性强降水天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)强降水是在冷空气与西南暖湿气流交汇的过程中产生的,500hPa副高外围槽前西南暖湿气流与西移冷空气交绥是造成此次区域性强降水天气原因。(2)南亚高压和西太副高位置变化对此次强降水有重要影响。(3)此次降水过程前期有稳定的水汽输送和较强的水汽辐合;大气不稳定有利于强对流云团发展。(4)中尺度对流系统(MCSs)是造成这次区域性强降水,局地暴雨的直接原因。     

山东一次区域性暴雨中尺度特征分析

利用常规资料、地面自动站资料、FY2C卫星云图TBB和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2009年5月9—10日发生在山东的春季区域性暴雨进行分析和研究。结果表明:①强降水是在低层冷空气和深厚西南暖湿气流交汇的过程中产生的,副高异常偏强,制约850～700hPa切变线和地面辐合线停滞少动,产生较长时间的降水。②地面辐合线的形成和维持激发了边界层的辐合上升运动,为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽,冷空气从边界层楔入,与暖湿气流汇合并抬升暖湿气流辐合上升,使上升运动加强,降水增幅。③中尺度对流系统是造成暴雨的主要中尺度系统,多个单体更迭并移经同一区域,形成"列车效应"而产生区域性暴雨。④雷达径向速度图中逆风区和不同高度(超)低空急流的大小对短时强降水预报有一定的指示意义。     

2012年载人航天主着陆场区极端降水事件的形成机制

利用卫星资料、航天主着陆场区观探测资料和NCEP的1o×1o再分析资料,对场区2012年6月一次极端降水事件进行研究。结果表明：极端降水是在异常偏强的冷、暖空气交汇对峙过程中产生的;500 hPa为贝加尔湖低涡东南部西南气流,850 hPa为东北-西南向冷切变,高空构成北槽南涡形势,地面由前期冷锋演变为后期地面倒槽;大气高温高湿,中层对流不稳定;异常偏强的冷空气来自北方,从底层楔入,一方面与暖湿空气汇合产生辐合上升,另一方面抬升暖湿气流,使上升运动加剧,降水增加。由于暖湿气流势力偏强,冷空气在南下过程中减弱变性,移速减慢,鄂霍次克海阻塞高压脊稳定少动,促使冷暖空气在场区对峙时间延长,异常降水事件出现。     

2012年航天主着陆场区极端降水事件的形成机制

利用卫星资料、航天主着陆场区观探测资料和NCEP1白1?再分析资料,对场区2012年6月一次极端降水事件进行研究。结果表明：极端降水是在异常偏强的冷、暖空气交汇对峙过程中产生的;500hPa为贝加尔湖低涡东南部西南气流,850hPa为东北～西南向冷切变,高空构成北槽南涡形势,地面由前期冷锋演变为后期地面倒槽;大气高温高湿,中层对流不稳定;异常偏强的冷空气来自北方,从底层楔入,一方面与暖湿空气汇合产生辐合上升,另一方面抬升暖湿气流,使上升运动加剧,降水增加。由于暖湿气流势力异常偏强,冷空气在南下过程中减弱变性,移速减慢,鄂霍次克海阻塞高压脊稳定少动,促使冷暖空气在场区对峙时间延长,异常降水事件出现。     

一次西南涡引发MCC暴雨的中尺度分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、国家气象卫星中心云顶亮温和地面加密观测资料对2013年7月21—22日发生在陕南的暴雨天气过程进行中尺度诊断分析。结果表明:中尺度对流复合体(MesoConvectiveComplex,下简称MCC)是此次暴雨的直接影响系统;500hPa停滞的低槽,配合对流层高层急流分支出口的强辐散及对流层低层西南低涡的动力抬升作用,形成有利于MCC生成、发展的大尺度环流背景;700hPa西南低空急流、850hPa气流的南支分量为MCC的生成、发展提供充足的水汽和能量;西南低涡的东北移动伴随有MCC云团的生消发展,MCC的发展经历了生成、发展、成熟、消散四个阶段,陕南强降水位于云顶亮温等值线密集一侧;MCC发生在高能、弱对流不稳定区;露点锋加强暴雨区的垂直上升运动,系统北部冷空气与南侧西南暖湿气流导致低层锋生,大气斜压性增大,并在陕南地区产生辐合上升,形成次级环流,又触发对流不稳定释放,相互之间有正反馈的作用。     

闽北一次初春强降水的成因分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、新一代天气雷达资料,对2012年3月6日-7日福建省北部地区暴雨成因进行诊断分析。结果表明:此次降水过程在高空西风槽南下带来的冷空气与西南暖湿气流交汇的背景下产生,暴雨区位于低空西南急流北侧、低层切变南侧、地面冷锋附近;强降水落区位于层结不稳定的湿区中,低层辐合、高层辐散有利于对流发展;干冷空气的侵入时高层高值位涡库向北向下伸展,促使中低层气旋涡度发展,从而导致强降水的发生;雷达回波分析表明,低层暖平流、高层冷平流、区域上空辐合形势都有利于对流性降水的产生。     

一次陕北区域性暴雨过程的诊断分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°6h再分析资料,对2014年7月8—9日陕北一次区域性暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明:暴雨过程在河套北部冷空气和高原槽前的偏南暖湿气流共同作用下形成,高原槽、低涡切变是主要高空影响系统,西北路冷锋是地面的主要影响系统,降水主要发生在冷锋附近到其后部低层冷空气与高空暖湿气流交汇区域。雷达回波分析表明,暴雨过程有两个不同的降水时段,8日14—20时主要为对流性降水,回波强度大于55dBz的带状回波,造成陕北东部出现了20~50mm的降水;9日02—08时为冷锋后的层状云降水,回波以均匀的层云降水回波为主;速度图在2.4km高度上有18m/s左右的偏南急流,是降水持续的主要原因。物理量分析表明,暴雨落区与700hPa的水汽通量散度大值区对应很好;暴雨区上升运动层深厚,最大上升运动区在600hPa附近;在暴雨区北侧为冷锋后部的东北风下沉气流,同时暴雨区上空有西南风上升气流,这股气流沿着暴雨区北侧低层冷空气爬升,冷暖气流交汇,产生强降水;暴雨发生在能量锋区附近,陕北地区对流层中低层有显著锋生,有利于上升运动的加强,形成强降水。     

Analysis on Formation Mechanism of Rare ＇Thundersnow＇ Phenomenon in Shandong on 28 February 2010

利用各种常规观测资料、探空资料、T639模式资料和卫星云图,分析了2010年2月28日山东境内的一次罕见“雷打雪”过程。结果表明,此次过程是在有利的大尺度环流背景下产生的。西南暖湿气流强盛,对流层低层的低空急流不断向山东输送水汽和能量;同时,近低层冷空气的侵入,迫使暖湿空气沿冷空气爬升,触发不稳定能量释放,导致强对流天气发生。850hPa低涡及地面气旋的产生,使得气旋性辐合上升增强,加强了上升运动。随着近地层温度降到零度以下,雨转雪。降水过程后期,气旋向东北方向移动,造成鲁中和山东半岛的暴雪天气。卫星云图显示,MCC是造成此次强降水的直接原因。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.