灾害性天气实时预报警报系统研究

本文结合格尔木地区特殊的地理条件,根据各类灾害性天气的气象标准,通过查阅整理气象历史资料,在分析当地主要灾害天气类型及其特征、总结灾害性天气预报指标及方法、运用VisualFoxPro中的定时器控件编程及数据库管理等功能的基础上,建立了格尔木地区灾害性天气实时预报警报系统。     

修文县主要农业气象灾害及影响

通过对修文县近10 a的气象资料进行分析,寻找各季灾害性天气发生的规律以及对农业生产的影响,以期更好地掌握修文县的灾害性天气变化规律,合理安排农业生产,利用优势资源引进气候适宜的特色农业项目,将气象灾害对农业生产的不利影响减到最小。     

陕西省2017年气象灾害特征及服务

2017年陕西省先后经历了霾、雨雪、冰雹、大风、寒潮、高温、暴雨等多种灾害性天气过程,尤以暴雨、冰雹、高温和干旱灾害影响最重。经综合评估,2017年陕西省气象灾害影响属于一般年份。对于每一次灾害性天气过程,陕西省气象台均提前发布预报预警,加强服务,大力提升服务效益,得到各级领导和部门的肯定。通过对2017年气象灾害分析体会到,灾害性天气的预报服务需要：提高突发灾害性天气监测预报能力;加强信息传播能力建设;加强政府主导、部门合作。     

基于业务网站实时资料的气象灾害监测短信发布平台

介绍基于实时资料的气象灾害监测平台,通过对业务网上的林火监测和全省wp3103自动站实时数据动态网页进行定时分析,加强监控行政区域或关键区域,准确、及时发现灾害性天气,并利用WaveCom调制解调器通讯产品搭建灾害短信警报平台,以最快速度和最快捷的方式通知相关人员。     

湖北省主要气象灾害分类及其特征分析

利用湖北省1961-2006年气象灾害普查资料,对发生在湖北境内的气象灾害进行了分类,并对其特征进行了分析.结果表明:气象灾害可按灾害性天气和灾情两个方面来分类,在灾害性天气方面可分为直接灾害和衍生灾害2类,并可细化为12种直接灾害和14种衍生灾害,灾情可分为4类19种;湖北省主要气象灾害为暴雨、干旱、强对流及其衍生灾害.其特征是危害大、灾情重,时空分布不均、发生频率高等.随着我国经济快速发展,因灾造成的经济损失也在逐年增加.     

隆林县1997年重大气象灾害及主要影响系统分析

１９９７年夏秋两季隆林县先后几次出现重大灾害性天气过程,是灾害性天气出现最频繁、损失最重的一年。本文对这几次气象灾害及导致灾害的环流形势、影响系统作初步分析,得到灾害性天气出现的前期天气变化特征     

降林县1997年重大气象灾害及主要影响系统分析

１９９７年夏季两季隆林县先后几次出现重大灾害性天气过程,是灾害性天气出现最高频繁、损失最重的一年。本文对这几次气象灾害及导致灾害的环流形势、影响系统作初步分析,得到灾害性天气出现的前期天气变化特征。     

雷暴对航空飞行的灾害分析

文章从雷暴的形成、发展及各个时期的天气特点入手,利用T639和NCEP数值模式再分析资料结合天气预报技术,个例性的分析雷暴天气对航空飞行中存在的危险和不安全因素,总结雷暴在即将爆发到消散时的各项物理指标,并描述机载雷达在实时探测雷暴时雷达回波特点和对雷暴进行避险措施。通过对民航气象服务中雷暴自然灾害性天气特点的总结,为更好的保障航空气象专项服务,提供雷暴灾害影响分析和减灾的参考性分析性总结。     

息烽县冰雹规律及防治对策分析

冰雹是息烽县春夏季的主要灾害性天气之一,每年都有不同程度的冰雹灾害发生,利用息烽县40 a历史气象资料,从冰雹的结构、成因、形势特征、气候特征、移动路径、短期预报等方面进行分析和研究,总结出息烽县冰雹天气发生发展规律,并根据这些规律进行防治对策分析,为防治息烽县冰雹灾害提供理论依据,最大限度地减轻冰雹灾害带来的损失,切实为"三农"服务,为息烽县经济建设作出贡献。     

藏北的干旱与冰雹

藏北高原初夏的干旱和冰雹,是两种主要的灾害性天气,对畜牧生产影响很大。这里有一种说法是:若6月或7月干旱,则当年多冰雹灾害。 为了对这两种灾害性天气作进一步分析研究,以作好预报服务,我们对位于藏北西部的申扎气象站1960—1975年的资料进行了统计分     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.