前期500hPa高度场变化对贵州降水可预报性的影响

通过对北半球近50年各月500hPa高度场格点资料和贵州15个站近50年各月降水资料的分析,得出前期500hPa高度场变化对贵州降水可预报性及降水分布都有重要影响.     

国家气候中心海气耦合模式汛期降水预报的一种订正方案及其试验

用奇异值分解(SVD)方法,分析了1983～2003年夏季国家气候中心海气耦合模式500hPa高度预报场与中国特别是华中区域降水场、1971～2000年夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场与中国特别是华中区域降水场的关系.结果表明:夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场与中国特别是华中区域降水场关系明显较模式500hPa高度场密切,若夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场南、北半球副热带高压较强(弱),北半球副热带高压主体偏南(北),则长江流域、东北地区中部及青藏高原东侧将降水偏多(偏少).对比分析结果,发现国家气候中心海气耦合模式存在一定程度的预报误差,如长江流域误差就较为明显.作者提出一种订正方案,利用SVD从模式500hPa高度预报场中提取大尺度信号,借助最优化技术,合理订正误差,改进降水场的预报.经试验表明:订正后降水场预报的距平同号率有可能接近NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa高度场相当的技巧水平.     

前期环流相似法在重庆延伸期天气过程预报中的应用

利用1960年以来NCEP/NCAR北半球500hPa逐日环流场资料,应用动态相似集成预报方法,对离预报月最近若干时段内的东亚500hPa逐日高度场环流场进行EOF展开,提取前期环流场的主要特征量及恢复场,运用相似算法分别与1961年以来各年同期EOF主要特征恢复场进行比较,寻找最佳相似年份。调整前期资料长度,再用相同的方法找出5个相似年,累计预报区域5个相似年预报时段内逐日降水频率,并将其结果绘制成曲线,根据曲线峰谷变化,即可对延伸期预报时段内可能性较大的区域性主要降水过程出现日期进行预报。预报试验结果表明,该方法对重庆延伸期内降水、降温等天气过程预报有一定参考价值。     

应用符号相似概率差分型预报汛期(6-8月)降水

本文应用500hPa（9－2月）高度距平场资料，通过对多雨年和少雨年的资料进行客观分型及滤波，确定对汛期（6－8月）降水有预报意义的500hPa（9－2月）高度距平场模型，利用实况资料与模型资料进行距平符号对比，计算出符号相似概率差来预报汛期（6－8月）降水的多少。     

降尺度方法在安徽省月降水量预测中的试用

基于NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa高度场、T63月动力延伸预报500 hPa高度场和安徽省降水资料,依据动力预报产品释用方法中所建立的月降水距平百分率预报方程,从月和旬两种不同时间尺度以及固定资料和选择资料来反演方程系数共4种降尺度方法来预报安徽省20个代表站月降水。1995—2005年11 a的回报检验表明了4种方法都具有较好的预报能力,从旬时间尺度较月尺度来预报月降水具有优势,在汛期和汛期降水偏多年更为明显。     

贵州西部冬季低温（凌冻）预报专家系统之中,长期预报子系统

本子系统主要用贵州西部23个站中的8个代表站（威宁、大方、水城、毕节、六枝、盘县、安顺、兴义）的凌冻日数与SOOhPa月平均高度场的格点资料找出相关，建立预报规则库。然后统计规则库中各项因子的概率，判断概率的大小，得出中、长期凌冻情况的趋势预报。下面以长期预报为例具体地介绍本子系统的建立、应用。1规则库的建立利用1959～1983年500hPa月平均高度场的格点资料求出50OhPa各月的年平均高度场的格点资料，然后，用各月年平均高度场与历年各月平均高度场的格点资料比较，求出历年各月的50OhPa高度场的格点资料距平值（文件名：…     

SVD方法在前期500hPa环流与贵州春季降水关系中的应用

基于500hPa高度场资料和贵州春季降水场资料,采用奇异值分解(SVD)方法,分析高度场与降水场的关系。结果表明:奇异值分解方法前8个奇异向量占总方差的80%以上,取前8个奇异向量已能代表贵州春季降水的主要分布;春季降水与前期冬季500hPa高度场分布有很好的匹配关系,且不同年份可能呈反位相分布;贵州春季降水除了通常的一致偏多(或偏少)外,还存在东南—西北准对称型分布;当冬季500hPa高度场距平场呈反位相分布时,即除北美地区负距平外,其余地区均呈中低纬负距平、高纬度正距平分布,贵州春季降水为一致的正距平分布。     

神威中期集合数值预报产品的业务应用

目前神威中期集合数值预报产品包括 500 hPa 集合平均预报图、850 hPa 温度距平概率分布图、不同降水级别的降水概率分布图。 其中 500 hPa 集合平均预报场对欧亚大型环流形势演变趋势、春季风沙天气、降水天气过程以及夏季副热带高压变化趋势等的预报中得到应用, 850 hPa 温度距平概率分布图对未来气温变化趋势以及冷空气过程的预报有很好的使用价值, 而降水概率分布图可供预报员在做降水预报时参考。     

NCC_CGCM产品对长江中下游夏季降水预报的释用

通过对1983-2002年国家气候中心NCC_CGCM季节预报模式的2月初始场的5个预测场(500 hPa高度场,200 hPa经向风、纬向风场,850 hPa经向风、纬向风场)与NCEP实况场的相关检验,指出模式预测与实况有一定差距,但也存在预报效果好的区域,其中预报效果最好的是200 hPa和850 hPa纬向风场,正相关达到95%信度的点数最多;500 hPa高度场正相关达到95%信度的点数最少;利用模式预报效果好的区域的预测值,对2003-2007年长江中下游区域夏季降水指数进行释用,预报准确率达到80%;对比模式在该地区的降水预报以及仅用模式高度场的解释预报发现,用挑选有用信息后的预报效果更好.该方法在全国其他14个区夏季降水的释用中,江南区和内蒙古区预报准确率也可达到80%.     

相似离度在山东省9月份降水趋势预测中的应用

利用山东省9月份平均降水量、NCEP再分析500hPa高度场资料和NOAA再分析海温资料，采用相关分析方法，在前期500hPa高度场和海温场上挑选出影响山东省9月份降水的关键区域，把关键区域内的资料进行区域平均，并做归一化处理，形成因子集，进行相似离度计算，确定出相似年份，预报9月份降水量距平百分率。将1997-2005年作为试报年，结果报对7年，准确率为77．8％，可见，相似离度方法在月尺度短期气候预测中有一定的应用价值。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.