电阻率测深自动直接解释法的若干技术问题

讨论了应用Ｋｏｅｆｏｅｄ法自动直接解释电测深曲线中的数据采集、归化采样值的计算、反演计算、正演计算、图形显示以及计算精度等问题，并介绍了由作者开发的一套完整的电测深自动解释软件。     

电偶源频率电磁测深二维层状模型参数化反演

本文在大地电磁测深松弛（ｒａｐｉｄ）反演理论方法的基础上，探讨了电偶源频率电磁测深（赤道装置）阻抗视电阻率的二维反演问题。由二维层状模型反演目标函数的近似简化出发。将全剖面的二维反演约化为沿剖面各测点的逐一测点一维反演，从而构制了一个简易可行的二维层状模型参数化反演方案。反演试验表明，这一反演方法是实用和有效的     

Results of inversion of distorted magnetotelluric sounding curves (numerical experiment)

The paper presents the results of a joint inversion of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) curves taken at several stations without preliminary selection and normalization and distorted by the presence of lateral electrical-conductivity inhomogeneities in the medium. In the calculations, we used synthetic MTS data for a three-dimensional model. Preparation and interpretation of data are carried out by the Trefftz method using a numerical model of the field and MTS curve distortions. To solve the inverse problem and optimize the subsurface model, we used a nonlinear least-squares method and an iterative process with calculation of the sensitivity matrix and its singular decomposition. The target functional is determined by the discrepancies between the model and synthetic experimental apparent-resistivity curves corresponding to the elements of the impedance tensors on the lateral diagonal. The reliability of the reconstructed subsurface model is characterized by the dispersion of the deviations of its parameters from the parameters of the known model used for the preparation of synthetic experimental data. The joint consideration of distorted apparent-resistivity curves at several stations increases the reliability of interpretation results. The obtained solution to the inverse problem is approximate and can be used as a starting model for more complex algorithms and programs.     

瞬变测深视电阻率曲线的正演计算及其初步解释

本文以垂直磁偶极子发射,接地导线测量这样一种发一收装置为例,讨论了求解时间减电磁场问题的计算方法,具体思路是：用线性滤波法,先求解频率域问题,然后且Ｇａｖｅｒ－Ｓｔｅｈｆｅｓｔ逆拉氏变换法将频率测深正演问题转化为相对应瞬变测深（时间域）正演问题,得到了垂直磁极子场中,水平层状介质表面瞬变电磁场分量的近似表达式,由此计算了视电阻率曲线,并从理论上探讨了瞬变测深视电阻率曲线的垂向分辨能力,本文试图对中     

直流电阻率测深曲线解释中的直接反演法

本文根据在电导率随深度变化梯度不大的情况下，ＤａｒＺａｒｒｏｕｋ曲线与视电阻率曲线基本重合这一性质，通过各种变换，在电阻率测深中导出了一种可与大地电磁测深中Ｂｏ－ｓｔｉｃｋ反演方法相比美的直接反演方法，将视电阻率随极距变化曲线转换为电阻率随深度变化曲线。     

On the application of combined geoelectric weighted inversion in environmental exploration

Geophysical surveying methods are of great importance in environmental exploration. Inversion-based data processing methods are applied for the determination of geometrical and physical parameters of the target model. The use of this geoelectric inversion method is advantageous in environmental research where highly reliable information with large spatial resolution is required. The 2D combined geoelectric inversion (CGI) method performs more accurate parameter estimation than conventional 1D single inversion methods by efficiently decreasing the number of unknowns of the inverse problem (single means that data sets of individual vertical electric sounding stations are inverted separately). The quality improvement in parameter space is demonstrated by comparing the traditional 1D inversion procedure with a 2D series expansion-based inversion technique. The CGI method was further developed by weighting individual direct current geoelectric data sets automatically in order to improve inversion results. The new algorithm was named combined geoelectric weighted inversion, which extracts the solution by a special weighted least squares technique. It is shown that the new inversion methodology is applicable to resolve near-surface structures such as rapidly varying layer boundaries, laterally inhomogeneous formations and pinch-outs.     

Upgrading of the inverse slope method for quantitative interpretation of earth resistivity measurements

The present study is an attempt to upgrade the previously used semi-analytical inverse slope method. The upgrade method was applied to the interpretation of VES’s measured with different electrode arrays in two and three layers laboratory tank model. Then the method was applied on VES’s measured at different sites of different geologic conditions. The study showed that the inverse slope method is a quick method for obtaining depths to interfaces. The method can be implemented on a hand-held calculator or more efficiently on a small microcomputer where the data can be processed at a faster rate than that of conventional data acquisition systems. This allows the method to be potent tools for infield data analysis and more cost effective to assess the success of a sounding on-the-spot and modify the experimental set-up as appropriate. The comparison between the results obtained from this method and the traditional digital computerized methods indicated that the geoelectrical models derived from inverse slope method have a good correlation with the actual model. Also, when applying the method on VES’s measured by using Schlumberger and Wenner arrays at areas of different geologic setting, gave results in comfortable with the actual lithology obtained from the lithologic data of the neighboring wells. The results obtained from the lab experiment and field survey indicated that the inverse slope method has the potential to be applied on VES data collected with any electrode array, the advantage that is not available with all the traditional interpretation methods available nowadays.     

电偶源瞬变电磁测深一维全区视电阻率解释方法研究

本文从理论计算和野外实测资料处理两方面讨论了电偶源瞬变电磁测深─维全区视电阻率解释方法以及与之相关的实测数据预处理、磁场计算及─维磁场数值反演方法.     

Multichannel deconvolution,MCD, in geophysics and helioseismology

Whenever data sampling is regular along a coordinate in space and/or time, it is relevant to look for approximate shift invariance which casts the forward problem into a convolution formulation. The resulting computations may be speeded up significantly through the Fourier transform. For nonlinear problems the Born approximation in horizontally stratified media leads to just such a result.In many cases the noise is well approximated by a stationary process, and it turns out that the resulting inverse solution is then a multi-channel deconvolution. This formulation allows very fast inversion in the periodic approximation of densely sampled high volume data sets.New applications within geophysical well logging, continuous geoelectrical sounding/profiling, and 3D helioseismic tomography demonstrate the wide applicability of this method.     

电偶源瞬变电磁测深一维全区视电阻率解释方法研究

本文从理论计算和野外实测资料处理两方面讨论了电偶源瞬变电磁测深─维全区视电阻率解释方法以及与之相关的实测数据预处理、磁场计算及─维磁场数值反演方法。     

综合物探解决黄土区煤田复杂地质问题

山西某矿位于构造堆积盆地，属黄土匠陵地貌，区内被第四系黄土覆盖，为解决该矿地质构造及水文地质问题，采用三维地震勘探与瞬变电磁法、直流电测深法相结合的勘探方案。利用三维地震勘探解决目的层赋存形态及其地质构造问题，再利用瞬变电磁法进行平面控制，以使平面及深度解释误差达到勘探要求；应用直流电测深法及瞬变电磁进行勘探，在正反演解释的基础上对其资料综合分析、对比，并结合三维地震资料，确定地质构造的富水及导水性。     

EMD方法在长周期大地电磁测深资料去噪中的应用

在电磁干扰大的地区进行长周期大地电磁测量,如何有效地抑制各种电磁噪声,提高信噪比,从而保证数据质量,是长周期大地电磁资料采集与处理的核心问题。针对长周期大地电磁信号具有非线性、非平稳和非最小相位的特点,提出了利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对长周期大地电磁信号进行噪声压制。讨论了EMD算法的具体实现流程,并将该算法应用于长周期大地电磁信号的噪声压制。实际应用结果表明,该方法可以有效地压制长周期大地电磁中的噪声。     

梯度电测深剖面法及其应用

针对常规直流电测深的应用情况,改革布极方式,研究提出梯度测深剖面法。该法能简化布极工序,可用多台接收机或多通道电测仪在多个电测深点上同时(连续)观测,大大提高工作效率。其装置有三极测深、四极测深和中梯测深等,其观测剖面上由于采用供电极稀设方式,能很好地适应二维正反演计算网格,宜于获得带地形的电阻率、极化率断面,实现电测深数据的层折成像。目前,该梯度测深方法已应用于金属矿勘查和工程勘察之中,取得成效。     

电阻率测深自动直接解释法的若干技术问题

本文对应用Koefoed法自动直接解释电测深曲线中的数据采集、归他采样值的计算、反演计算、正演计算、图象处理以及计算精度等问题作了讨论.研制了一套完整的电测深自动解释软件.     

井中声波CT技术系统及其应用

叙述了井中声波CT技术系统的测量方式、数据采集和数据预处理以及CT正反演的基本方法, 列举了在工程勘察和油气田开发中的应用实例,显示出井中声波CT成果为查明目标体的位置和圈定目标体的形态是有效的。同时也显示了井中声波CT技术作为一种精细勘查手段,具有开发潜力和应用前景。     

Comparing the Gradual Deformation with the Probability Perturbation Method for Solving Inverse Problems

Inverse problems are ubiquitous in the Earth Sciences. Many such problems are ill-posed in the sense that multiple solutions can be found that match the data to be inverted. To impose restrictions on these solutions, a prior distribution of the model parameters is required. In a spatial context this prior model can be as simple as a Multi-Gaussian law with prior covariance matrix, or could come in the form of a complex training image describing the prior statistics of the model parameters. In this paper, two methods for generating inverse solutions constrained to such prior model are compared. The gradual deformation method treats the problem of finding inverse solution as an optimization problem. Using a perturbation mechanism, the gradual deformation method searches (optimizes) in the prior model space for those solutions that match the data to be inverted. The perturbation mechanism guarantees that the prior model statistics are honored. However, it is shown with a simple example that this perturbation method does not necessarily draw accurately samples from a given posterior distribution when the inverse problem is framed within a Bayesian context. On the other hand, the probability perturbation method approaches the inverse problem as a data integration problem. This method explicitly deals with the problem of combining prior probabilities with pre-posterior probabilities derived from the data. It is shown that the sampling properties of the probability perturbation method approach the accuracy of well-known Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers such as the rejection sampler. The paper uses simple examples to illustrate the clear differences between these two methods     

Electromagnetic sounding of the Kola Peninsula with a powerful extremely low frequency source

Experiment on electromagnetic sounding of the Kola Peninsula using unique mobile measuring complex of the low-frequency sounding was conducted, allowing to investigate a geoelectric section with a depth of several kilometers on distances up to 100 km from the stationary transmitting aerial. Excess on the order of amplitudes of the vertical component above the horizontal at all frequencies of sounding was registered in a number of points of measurements. This feature managed to be explained quantitatively by circulation of current on regional faults with the closure of current through the sea—before unknown galvanic coastal effect. Interpretation of the results of modeling and neural network solving of inverse problem essentially specifies the fault tectonics of the central part of the Kola Peninsula. Anomaly remote from the observation profile was found out—local pinch of a crustal conductive layer consisting of graphitized rocks and associated with the zone of overthrust.     

频率测深资料数字解释

针对我国目前存在的频率测深资料解释问题,本文提出了数字解释技术.首先实现了频率测深曲线的数字滤波正演计算,较数值积分大大缩短了计算时间.在此基础上,进而完成了广义逆矩阵方法的自动反演解释,取得了良好的效果.     

MT法在开封凹陷地热资源调查中的应用

在河南省开封凹陷区地热资源调查评价工作中,采用大地电磁测深法,通过对2条剖面(50个测点)的资料分析,采用有效视电阻率数据对剖面进行反演处理,继而从电性特征方面查明区内断裂构造的发育状况,划分重要地质界面,了解基底起伏及地层富水性,圈定出本区地热异常范围。     

一种研究山前挤压构造区地应力的新方法

通过对稳定沉降地区与山前挤压构造区的地球物理测井信息的深度域特征进行理论分析和对比,提出了一种基于测井信息计算最大主地应力的统计模型法。应用该方法对塔里木盆地库车地区地应力进行了实际计算,其结果与实验结果相符,同时利用椭圆井眼法确定最大主应力方向。最后,对山前挤压构造区的地应力分布与油气藏分布关系进行了探索。