地球系统科学与数字地球

数字地球将为地球系统科学研究带来研究方法,研究手段和信息获取渠道的革命,因对地观测和数据资源共享技术的发展将使传统的野外地学作业逐步走向现代化,从而使地球系统科学的建立真正成为可能。     

基于数字地球的全球变化研究

该文论述了全球变化研究和数字地球的特点及其内涵，重点分析了“数字地球”技术体系在全球变化研究过程的应用前景。在数字地球技术体系支持下，充分利用全球空间信息基础设施、3S技术、网络技术和虚拟现实等技术，不仅为全球变化研究提供强有力的理论和技术支撑框架，而且将极大地促进全球变化学科的飞速发展。     

分布式移动数字地球系统的设计与实现

提出了在移动设备上实现数字地球的框架模型,针对移动数字地球对网络流量、计算能力和存储能力的限制,框架增设中间件服务器,由其完成从分布式地理数据服务器集群获取数据并渲染虚拟场景的过程,渲染结果以流媒体为载体反馈给移动设备.依此框架开发出原型系统,测试结果表明,在实现远超移动设备计算和存储能力的虚拟场景的同时,可有效降低构建移动数字地球的网络流量,并随着移动网速的进一步提升,可达实时交互控制.     

数字城市实现的技术体系研究

数字城市是数字地球实现的一个重要节点，该文分析了数字城市的产生背景，提出了数字城市的研究体系－数字城市的基础研究，数字城市的实现技术以及数字城市的工程研究，最后论述了数字城市实现的关键性技术。     

“数字地球”的启示

本文分析了“数字地球”这一全球战略思想带给我们的一些启示 ,这些启示包括 :战略眼光 ,大国地位 ,自主发展和技术引进 ,盲目追随、整合的意义等。笔者认为 ,宏观的、全局性的战略眼光 ,冷静思考与明确的目标 ,紧抓对地观测和国家基础信息设施建设以维护中国作为大国的形象和利益 ,在发展“数字中国”过程中走自主发展与技术引进相结合的道路 ,以及加强行政管理机制、智能化数据、科研机构和学科领域的整合 ,是我们在数字地球的挑战面前应有的基本思路。     

县级资源环境数据库建设的技术方法

航空遥感和航天遥感在数据库建设中分别用于获取状态数据和确定变更靶区 ,而全球定位系统用于靶区的准确定位。该文阐述选择GPS机型的几个条件、GPS基准站设立的两个方法并明确了GPS测量方法。GPS数据在进入数据库之前要基于GPS数据处理软件和传统GIS进行数据转换和编辑。说明基于时空地理实体建立一个本质为TGIS的县级资源环境数据库及其完备的时、空、属性查询特点。同时结合空间信息技术的最新发展探讨县级资源环境数据库建设技术路线的发展趋势。     

数字地球的体系研究

通过对地学空间信息研究背景及其内容的分析,认为数字地球是人类空间信息革命的序幕。并结合数字地球的关键技术,提出了数字地球的全球层、区域层以及国家层的实现模式。文章还对数字地球的应用领域展开了讨论,认为数字地球是人类下个世纪经济增长的关键,并是人类适居社区等建设的决策信息支柱。     

地球信息图谱与数字地球

首先探讨了数字地球技术系统及其意义,研究了作为地球信息时空变化图形表达的地球信息图谱。在此基础上,分析了数字地球与地球信息图谱之间的有机联系,指出数字地球的发展将极大地推动地球信息图谱的研究;地球信息图谱是数字地球分析、处理信息的重要手段,其理论研究必将推动数字地球应用的深入发展     

Using Web Maps to Analyze the Construction of Global Scale Cognitive Maps

Game-based Web sites and applications are changing the ways in which students learn the world map. In this study, a Web map-based digital learning tool was used as a study aid for a university-level geography course in order to examine the way in which global scale cognitive maps are constructed. A network analysis revealed that clicks were negatively correlated with familiarity, but were positively correlated with area. More significantly, well-known countries did not act as central nodes within network-based mental models, but served a more complex mediating role in structuring the space between subregions.     

Bridging High School and Introductory Undergraduate Courses in Geographic Information Science and Technology

This article presents the findings of a study to determine the degree of consistency in what is taught and learned in high school and college-level introductory courses in geographic information science and technology (GIS&T). A content analysis identified sixteen topics that are generally representative of the knowledge, skills, and abilities developed in introductory undergraduate courses. The findings were used to propose a standard college-level survey course in GIS&T that could inform future efforts to introduce more academically rigorous GIS&T coursework in high schools, such as through the Advanced Placement Program.     

Privacy and Ethics in Undergraduate GIS Curricula

The development of location-aware technologies, such as smartphones, raises serious questions regarding locational privacy and the ethical use of geographic data. The degree to which these concepts are taught in undergraduate geographic information science (GISci) courses is unknown. A survey of GISci educators shows that issues of privacy and ethics are important in a GISci education. However, a large proportion of GISci educators are not concerned about the loss of locational privacy and many do not devote classes to the subject. Those not teaching the subject cite lack of course time and the need for more information.     

面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析研究进展与展望

数字地形分析(DTA)是地理信息科学(GIS)研究的热点.但是,当前基于数字高程模型(DEM)的数字地形分析在地貌学研究中存在重形态轻机理、重现象轻过程、重地上轻地下等问题,急需从单一的地貌形态分析,迈向面向成因、过程与机理等地貌学本源问题的研究转变.据此,本文系统梳理了面向地貌学本源的数字地形分析的相关研究现状,并从...     

Paper-Based GIS: A Practical Answer to the Implementation of GIS Education into Resource-Poor Schools in South Africa

Abstract

Geographical information systems (GIS) were phased into the geography curriculum of South African schools from 2006–2008 as part of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) for grades 10–12. Since its introduction, GIS education in schools across the country has been met with a number of challenges including the cost of purchasing the hardware and software required to elucidate the basic concepts of GIS to learners. This article examines the introduction of GIS education in schools in South Africa. The development and distribution of a paper-based GIS educational package for resource-poor schools in the country is also highlighted. Preliminary educator and learner evaluations of the paper-based GIS package are discussed and the broader learning opportunities and benefits associated with flexible teaching mechanisms are examined.     

Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis: Progress and perspectives

Digital terrain analysis(DTA) is one of the most important contents in the research of geographical information science(GIS). However, on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM), many problems exist in the current research of DTA in geomorphological studies. For instance, the current DTA research appears to be focused more on morphology, phenomenon, and modern surface rather than mechanism, process, and underlying terrain. The current DTA research needs to be urgently transformed from the study of landform morphology to one focusing on landform process and mechanism. On this basis, this study summarizes the current research status of geomorphology-oriented DTA and systematically reviews and analyzes the research about the knowledge of geomorphological ontology, terrain modeling, terrain derivative calculation, and terrain analytical methods. With the help of DEM data, DTA research has the advantage of carrying out geomorphological studies from the perspective of surface morphology. However, the study of DTA has inherent defects in terms of data expression and analytic patterns. Thus, breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies are necessary. Moreover, scholars need to realize that DTA research must be transformed from phenomenon to mechanism, from morphology to process, and from terrain to landform. At present, the research development of earth science has reached the critical stage in which the DTA research should focus more on geomorphological ontology. Consequently, this study proposes several prospects of geomorphology-oriented DTA from the aspects of value-added DEM data model, terrain derivatives and their spatial relations, and macro-terrain analysis. The study of DTA based on DEM is at a critical period along with the issue on whether the current GIS technology can truly support the development of geography. The research idea of geomorphology-oriented DTA is expected to be an important exploration and practice in the field of GIS.     

数字地球技术支持下的地理协作学习模式

由于传统地理教学的弊端,人们探索着更高效、更能符合信息化、国际化、综合化和个性化的地理教学模式.作为当今科技制高点的“数字地球”的提出,将对传统地理教学的内容、形式、学习方式等产生根本的变化,数字地球技术支持下的协作学习和开放自主学习,充分体现了“以学生为中心”的教学理念.     

论地理信息系统在考古学中的应用

回顾了地理信息系统(GIS)在考古学中应用的发展历程和实例,分析了GIS与考古学之间的内在关系.GIS的各种功能可以用于考古研究的各个环节和许多分支,在考古学中应用GIS不仅具有可能性,而且具有必要性或必然性,这有利于提高考古学的工作效率和研究水平.因此,应当给GIS在考古学中以适当的定位,不应该看作是可有可无的.此外,作者讨论了应用中存在的限制和问题,对GIS在考古学中的应用提出了一些看法和建议:应当结合中国的特点,把GIS应用于解决中国考古研究中的具体问题;为了把GIS的空间分析功能应用于考古学,非常需要培养既懂考古也懂GIS的复合型人才.     

基于GIS的村镇管理信息系统设计与实现

建立村镇管理信息系统对村镇实现科学化、现代化和规范化管理,提高村镇管理和规划决策水平,加速乡村经济发展和社会进步具有重要意义。针对村镇这一聚落地域的信息和管理特点,文章以地理信息系统软件平台为基础,将其与管理信息系统、办公自动化系统有机结合起来,设计了村镇管理信息系统。在论述其设计思想和原则的基础上,详细阐述了基于GIS的村镇管理信息系统的总体设计框架、数据库的建立以及系统所能实现的基本功能。     

旅游规划信息系统的研建

借助旅游规划信息系统进行旅游规划是一种新的规划思路 ,该文阐述了旅游规划信息系统的概念和系统实现的技术支撑 ,进而以江苏海洋旅游规划为例 ,探讨了江苏海洋旅游规划信息系统的组成和结构 ,并进行了该系统的设计研究。