CBERS-02B卫星遥感影像的区域网平差

针对中巴资源一号卫星(CBERS-02B)卫星遥感影像姿态角误差较大的特点,提出了利用区域网平差方法提高其对地目标定位精度的策略和具体计算过程。首先对参与平差的每景影像选取4个地面控制点进行影像姿态角常差检校,然后采用与地形无关方案解求各自的RPC参数,最后选取带仿射变换项的有理函数模型(RFM)进行多重覆盖影像的区域网平差。对两个地区的0级CBERS-02B单条CCD立体影像对的区域网平差试验表明,对地目标定位的平面和高程精度均达到了±3个像元的水平,且高程精度明显优于平面精度。相对于常规的卫星遥感影像区域网平差方法,平面和高程精度均有明显提升,几乎达到国外同等高分辨率卫星遥感影像的几何定位精度。这说明中国卫星遥感影像亦具有较好的几何定位潜力,在区域网平差之前进行系统误差预改正是必要和可行的。     

Automated geometric correction of multispectral images from High Resolution CCD Camera (HRCC) on-board CBERS-2 and CBERS-2B

China–Brazil Earth Resource Satellite (CBERS) imagery is identified as one of the potential data sources for monitoring Earth surface dynamics in the event of a Landsat data gap. Currently available multispectral images from the High Resolution CCD (Charge Coupled Device) Camera (HRCC) on-board CBERS satellites (CBERS-2 and CBERS-2B) are not precisely geo-referenced and orthorectified. The geometric accuracy of the HRCC multispectral image product is found to be within 2–11 km. The use of CBERS-HRCC multispectral images to monitor Earth surface dynamics therefore necessitates accurate geometric correction of these images. This paper presents an automated method for geo-referencing and orthorectifying the multispectral images from the HRCC imager on-board CBERS satellites. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) Level 1T (L1T) imagery provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is employed as reference for geometric correction. The proposed method introduces geometric distortions in the reference image prior to registering it with the CBERS-HRCC image. The performance of the geometric correction method was quantitatively evaluated using a total of 100 images acquired over the Andes Mountains and the Amazon rainforest, two areas in South America representing vastly different landscapes. The geometrically corrected HRCC images have an average geometric accuracy of 17.04 m (CBERS-2) and 16.34 m (CBERS-2B). While the applicability of the method for attaining sub-pixel geometric accuracy is demonstrated here using selected images, it has potential for accurate geometric correction of the entire archive of CBERS-HRCC multispectral images.     

资源三号测绘卫星影像平面和立体区域网平差比较

针对弱交会条件下卫星遥感影像区域网平差无法正确求解的问题,本文提出了利用数字高程模型（DEM）作为高程约束的平面区域网平差方法提高其对地目标定位精度的策略。首先,选取带仿射变换项的有理函数模型（RFM）作为卫星影像平面区域网平差的数学模型。其次,在平差过程中更新连接点的地面坐标时仅求解地面点的平面坐标,高程值利用DEM进行内插获得。最后,在布设少量控制点的情况下通过平面区域网平差求解所有参与平差的卫星影像定向参数和连接点的地面平面坐标。利用两个地区的资源三号正视影像的平面区域网平差以及前正后三视影像的立体区域网平差的对比试验表明,对于资源三号卫星影像在1:50000DEM的支持下,平面平差可以达到和立体平差相当平面精度。对于近似垂直正视的资源三号影像,全球1km格网的DEM和90m格网的SRTM可以取代1:50000DEM作为高程控制,平面精度几乎没有损失。最终,试验结果证明了平面区域网平差方法的有效性和可行性。     

机载干涉雷达数据联合定位及拼接技术研究

针对大区域多航带InSAR(干涉合成孔径雷达)影像定位及拼接时缺少GCP(地面控制点)的问题,提出了一种多航带InSAR影像联合定位的方法。该方法借鉴摄影测量中的光束法平差思想,并利用InSAR干涉定标后得到影像上各点高程值。通过对四川绵阳地区的多航带InSAR实际数据的实验,验证了本方法的可行性,且精度达到了各景影像独立校正的水平。分析了控制点数量、位置、重叠区域范围、地形起伏对平差精度的影响,并给出了控制点布放原则。     

无人机影像中的无控制高程信息提取方法研究

本文提出了一种基于无人机影像获取高程信息的方法,该方法无需地面控制点数据,只利用无人机的飞控数据以及相机自身的参数.文中推导了不同飞行状况下的几何计算模型,并利用真实的无人机数据进行实验和误差分析,证明了该方法的可行性.最后还将地物点的高程扩展到其所在的平面中,改善了直观观测效果.实验表明,本文提出的方法能够大大提高获...     

The application of GPS precise point positioning technology in aerial triangulation

In traditional GPS-supported aerotriangulation, differential GPS (DGPS) positioning technology is used to determine the 3-dimensional coordinates of the perspective centers at exposure time with an accuracy of centimeter to decimeter level. This method can significantly reduce the number of ground control points (GCPs). However, the establishment of GPS reference stations for DGPS positioning is not only labor-intensive and costly, but also increases the implementation difficulty of aerial photography. This paper proposes aerial triangulation supported with GPS precise point positioning (PPP) as a way to avoid the use of the GPS reference stations and simplify the work of aerial photography.Firstly, we present the algorithm for GPS PPP in aerial triangulation applications. Secondly, the error law of the coordinate of perspective centers determined using GPS PPP is analyzed. Thirdly, based on GPS PPP and aerial triangulation software self-developed by the authors, four sets of actual aerial images taken from surveying and mapping projects, different in both terrain and photographic scale, are given as experimental models. The four sets of actual data were taken over a flat region at a scale of 1:2500, a mountainous region at a scale of 1:3000, a high mountainous region at a scale of 1:32000 and an upland region at a scale of 1:60000 respectively. In these experiments, the GPS PPP results were compared with results obtained through DGPS positioning and traditional bundle block adjustment. In this way, the empirical positioning accuracy of GPS PPP in aerial triangulation can be estimated. Finally, the results of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from GPS PPP are analyzed in detail.The empirical results show that GPS PPP applied in aerial triangulation has a systematic error of half-meter level and a stochastic error within a few decimeters. However, if a suitable adjustment solution is adopted, the systematic error can be eliminated in GPS-supported bundle block adjustment. When four full GCPs are emplaced in the corners of the adjustment block, then the systematic error is compensated using a set of independent unknown parameters for each strip, the final result of the bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from PPP is the same as that of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from DGPS. Although the accuracy of the former is a little lower than that of traditional bundle block adjustment with dense GCPs, it can still satisfy the accuracy requirement of photogrammetric point determination for topographic mapping at many scales.     

SAR影像时间序列支持下的互花米草盐沼提取——以江苏盐城东部沿海为例

利用江苏盐城东部沿海8幅ERS-2 SAR影像构建像素级时间序列,根据训练样本得出互花米草盐沼的标准时间序列曲线;基于动态时间弯曲DTW距离进行时间序列相似性分析后提取互花米草盐沼,用同年Landsat TM影像、CBERS-02B CCD影像目视解译的真实地面数据进行精度评价。结果表明:1)互花米草盐沼的时间序列曲线呈波动性变化,与研究区其他4类典型地物的时间序列曲线差异较大;2)互花米草盐沼提取结果的精度较高,基于Landsat TM影像的精度评价结果——正确率86.81%,完整率84.63%,基于CBERS-02B CCD影像的精度评价结果——正确率87.84%,完整率83.87%。     

Precision rectification of high resolution satellite imagery without ephemeris data

The huge capability of high resolution satellite imageries (HRSI), that includes spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric resolutions as well as stereoscopic vision introduces them as a powerful new source for the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and GIS communities. High resolution data increases the need for higher accuracy of data modeling. The satellite orbit, position, attitude angles and interior orientation parameters have to be adjusted in the geometrical model to achieve optimal accuracy with the use of a minimum number of Ground Control Points (GCPs). But most high resolution satellite vendors do not intend to publish their sensor models and ephemeris data. There is consequently a need for a range of alternative, practical approaches for extracting accurate 2D and 3D terrain information from HRSI. The flexibility and good accuracy of the alternative models demonstrated with KFA-1000 and the well-known SPOT level 1A images. A block of eight KFA-1000 space photos in two strips with 60% longitudinal overlap and 15% lateral sidelap and SPOT image with rational function, DLT, 2D projective, polynomials, affine, conformal, multiquadric and finite element methods were used in the test. The test areas cover parts of South and West of Iran. Considering the quality of GCPs, the best result was found with the DLT method with a RMSE of 8.44 m for the KFA-1000 space photos.     

仅用虚拟控制点的超大区域无控制区域网平差

利用光学卫星影像进行无控制测图是摄影测量追求的目标。针对超大区域无控制测图的需求,本文提出了一种以单景影像为平差单元,基于虚拟控制点的光学卫星影像超大规模无控制区域网平差方法。该方法利用待平差影像的初始RPC模型生成虚拟控制点,并将其作为带权观测值引入平差模型中以改善平差模型的状态,克服了在无控制点条件下平差精度不稳定、误差过度累积引起的网的扭曲变形等问题。为了验证本方法的有效性和精度,利用资源三号卫星获取的覆盖全国的26 406景影像进行区域网平差试验,并利用全国范围内分布的约8000个高精度控制点对平差后自动生产的DOM和DSM产品的几何精度进行验证。试验结果表明,平面和高程中误差均达到了4m以内,同时,区域网内部相邻影像之间的几何拼接精度优于1个像素,满足无缝拼接的要求。     

轨道约束的资源三号标准景影像区域网平差

考虑到同轨道拍摄的长条带卫星影像具有相同的误差分布特性,针对资源三号的标准景影像产品,提出了基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差方法。首先,根据同轨相邻影像的偏移量计算轨道影像坐标系下的像点坐标;其次,通过同轨每景影像的RFM重新生成轨道影像的RFM,同时生成补偿格网;然后,根据基于像方仿射变换的RFM对轨道影像进行区域网平差;最后,利用求得的轨道影像的仿射变换参数重新计算原始单景影像的仿射变换参数。利用不同地区资源三号测绘卫星影像数据的试验表明,基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差（以下简称轨道平差）在稀疏控制条件下,其精度明显好于单景影像平差的精度。在6控情况下,太行山试验区达到平面2.504m高程3.117m,在渭南试验区达到了平面4.061m高程2.895m。试验结果证明了轨道平差的有效性和可行性。     

ICESat激光高程点辅助的天绘一号卫星影像立体区域网平差

无地面控制点（简称无控）区域网平差是实现卫星影像无控测图的一项重要技术,对于境外和外业测控困难区域的测图具有重要意义。然而,无控区域网平差的定位精度一般难以满足对应比例尺测图规范要求。利用公开、可稳定获取的公众地理信息数据辅助区域网平差,是提高卫星影像无控定位精度的有效途径,其中ICESat激光高程点便是一种良好的高程控制数据。为了提高天绘一号卫星影像无控定位精度,本文提出ICESat激光高程点辅助的卫星影像模型法立体区域网平差方法。首先,以30 m分辨率SRTM估算的地形坡度作为限制条件,结合激光高程点自身质量评价信息,自动提取高质量ICESat激光高程点;其次,利用自动匹配的连接点进行模型法自由网平差,实现卫星影像几何定位精度的相对一致性（内部一致性）;最后,将激光高程点自动量测至卫星影像作为控制点,其平面坐标根据自由网平差结果前方交会计算而得,高程坐标取自激光点高程,再次进行区域网平差精化定向参数,提高卫星影像的绝对高程精度。最后本文利用山东全省的天绘一号卫星影像进行试验,验证了本文方法的有效性和可行性。     

CBERS-02星图像几何纠正方法试验研究

为了研究中巴地球资源卫星CCD多光谱数据规模化应用的可行性,扩大基础地理信息更新的影像资料来源,以CBERS-02星（简称02星）CCD多光谱数据的标准景为例,对2种几何纠正模型进行了对比研究,分析了3种不同基础控制资料对纠正精度的影响,并对精度评价方法进行了试验研究。在此基础上,总结形成了针对02星CCD多光谱数据1∶10万比例尺影像最为省时有效、精度最佳的几何纠正技术方法。     

基于直方图匹配的CBERS-02B CCD影像镶嵌时拼接缝消除试验

对现有的影像拼接缝消除方法的优缺点进行了分析,提出了基于直方图匹配的拼接缝消除方法,并用云南省范围的影像进行了试验。结果表明:直方图匹配方法可以较好地消除CBERS-02B CCD影像镶嵌时产生的拼接缝,并使其色调基本保持一致。     

区域网平面平差超控外推定位技术验证

以资源三号卫星影像数据为例,基于RPC模型提出利用SRTM辅助的卫星影像区域网平面平差的方法进行超长距离控制外推,来提高无控地区的影像几何定位精度。试验表明,影像原始RPC直接定位精度含有明显的系统误差。在起算影像区域内布设一个控制点进行区域网平面平差,沿轨外推11景(491.62 km)、垂轨外推6景(282.36 km)后,相比原始影像13.335 m的平均定位精度,其外推区域影像的几何定位精度可优于7.5 m,无控区域的整体定位精度有明显提升,验证了该方法的有效性。     

GCP collection for corona satellite photographs: Issues and methodology

Use of high-resolution and historic CORONA satellite photographs for mapping and other purposes requires Ground Control Points (GCPs), as ephemeris data and image parameters are not available. However, the alterations in landscape in last 34 years (i.e., since the acquisition of these photographs) prevent identification and collection of large number of GCPs in the field. This paper presents a methodology for collection of GCPs for CORONA photographs. The advantages and limitations of the methodology are discussed. For a study site, situated in Siwaliks and Lower Himalayas, the GCPs were identified in CORONA photographs and their WGS84 coordinates were estimated through a process of datum transformation and georeferencing. Estimated GCP coordinates from the topo sheets and 2D and 3D views of photographs, helped in identifying the GCP locations in field, which were observed using DGPS. Investigations were carried out to relate Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) accuracy with base line length and time of observation. Abase line of 350 km and half an hour observation were found appropriate to yield accuracy in GCP collection by DGPS method, which conforms to CORONA resolution of 3 m.     

一种单像外方位元素的稳健估计方法

获取影像外方位元素是摄影测量学一直要解决的问题,传统的单像空间后方交会利用测量控制点来计算外方位元素,但是很多情况下用于计算的数据是包含粗差的,粗差出现的概率约占1%~10%。本文设计了一种稳健的单像空间后方交会计算方法,把控制点坐标作为未知参数对待并线性化共线方程,最终达到了剔除粗差的目标,提高了计算结果的可靠性,可得到控制点及像点坐标的精度评价。     

FY-3微波成像仪遥感图像地理定位方法研究

MWRI (MicroWave Radiation Imager) is one of the payloads on our next generation polar meteorological satellite FY-3. MWRI conically scans with a fixed incident angle on the earth surface. It is the first time for Chinese remote sensor to use this scan mode. In this work, we present a geolocation method for FY-3 MWRI’s remote sensing image based on its special scan geometry. The integrated coordinate systems and the specific relationships with these coordinate systems are defined. A spatial relationship model between the remote sensing data and the earth-based coordinate system is established. This method also includes an algorithm of satellite orbit computation, which is used to get the satellite’s instantaneous velocity vector from its position. This method has been applied to MWRI’s remote sensing image geolocation. The results show that the accuracy of this method can achieve 1 pixel. The 33 GCPs (Ground Control Points) which are in the regiones of FY-3 MWRI’s observation have been collected and used to analyze the precision of the geolocation. By statistical analysis, the error along-track is about 1.5km, and the error along-scan is about 3.0km. It is obvious that this method fulfills the requirement of precision for FY-3 MWRI whose space resolution exceeds 5km.     

CBERS-02B卫星WFI成像在轨MTF估算与图像MTF补偿

基于高分辨率图像对比法, 利用同一卫星平台上空间分辨率19.5m的CCD相机图像对CBERS-02B卫星上空间分辨率为258m的 WFI成像仪图像进行在轨MTF(modulate transfer function)测量, 获得WFI(wide field imager)相机沿轨、跨轨与45o方向的MTF曲线, 并计算出3个方向的线扩展函数LSF(line spread function), 获得3个方向的有效半带宽。结果表明WFI相机红波段跨轨、沿轨与45o方向的有效半带宽, 即有效瞬时视场, 分别为1.188, 1.165与1.281个像元, 近红外波段为1.258, 1.195与1.326个像元。基于获得的MTF, 利用维纳滤波法对WFI图像进行补偿, 部分恢复了WFI图像的细部信息。     

天绘一号03星定位精度初步评估

天绘一号卫星是我国第一颗传输型立体测绘卫星,主要用于无地面控制点条件下高精度定位及1∶5万比例尺地形图测绘。01、02星分别于2010年8月24日及2012年5月6日成功发射,03星于2015年11月26日发射,目前3颗星在轨正常运行。01星定位精度经过系统检测后,定位精度为10.3 m/5.7 m(平面/高程),02星定位精度与01星精度相当。本文首先简要介绍了天绘一号卫星的总体概况及其地面处理系统中的关键技术,重点对03星的无控定位精度进行初步试验评估。通过国内外3条航线的试验发现,03星较02星精度有较大提高,在无地面控制点条件下可实现平面7.2 m、高程2.6 m的定位精度。     

基于CBERS-02B星HR与CCD数据的喀斯特山区影像融合研究

喀斯特山区海拔高且相对高差大,地块破碎,地表覆盖类型多样,常年多云多雨,卫星遥感数据质量因此常受到严重影响.国产自主卫星CBERS-02B获取的高分辨率全色影像(HR)和多光谱(CCD)影像能更快捷.更方便地提供喀斯特山区遥感影像.采用HIS变换、PCA变换、HPF等图像融合方法,对CBERS-02B星HR和CCD影像...