东天山斑岩铜矿资源潜力评价

在对东天山斑岩铜矿进行资源潜力评价的过程中,引进和吸收了国内外同行的研究成果,提出了成矿系列综合信息矿产资源潜力评价方法.该方法以成矿系列理论、成矿动力学理论以及综合信息矿产资源评价理论为依托,充分利用地质、地球物理、地球化学、卫星遥感等多元数据,将成矿作用与特定的成矿地质环境联系起来,结合综合信息在区域空间上的展布特点,开展不同矿化类型的成矿信息提取,最后使用GIS背景下开发的矿产资源评价系统(MRAS)圈定成矿靶区,预测资源潜力.作者在东天山地区运用此方法对斑岩铜矿进行了示范性预测,野外验证结果显示,预测效果较好,说明该方法具有推广使用的价值.     

湖南省钨矿资源预测与远景区划

湖南省钨矿资源预测是"全国矿产资源潜力评价"项目的阶段性成果。在成矿系列理论的指导下,结合基础地质、区域成矿规律研究,利用物探、化探、自然重砂和遥感解译的综合找矿信息,运用GIS技术,实现全省钨矿资源潜力预测评价。本文拟从成矿地质背景、钨矿矿床类型、资源预测三方面进行阐述,圈定湖南省钨矿重点勘查远景区,为实际工作提供依据。全省共划分出19个重点勘查远景区,分布在资兴-郴州一带的勘查区找矿前景良好。     

综合信息成矿系列预测的基本原理和方法

文章主要论述了综合信息区域成矿预测的基本原理和方法，基本原理包括：成矿学原理、地球化学原理、地球物理和遥感地质原理。文章认为，地球化学信息对任何矿种都是直接找矿信息，其信息特征在很大程度上直接反映了矿产资源体的特征，从区域综合异常评价的角度，综合3住处成矿系列预测，实质上是运用数学模型对地球化学异常及其产出的地质背景（地层、岩体和构造）的综合定量评价，从而提高了异常评价的有效性。基本方法主要包括综合信息成矿系列预测图的编制和综合信息成矿系列找矿模型建立。文中强调在成矿系列理论指导下，通过对异常及其产出地质背景的综合分析，以地质体或矿产资源体为单元，进行信息提取、关联和转换，最终建立综合信息成矿系列找矿模型，通过找矿模型这民矿系列的定量定位预测。     

鄂尔多斯地区成矿系列与地质建造的关系探讨

以往成矿系列概念以地质成矿作用为基础,为了使成矿系列理论既便于同成矿地质背景研究相衔接,又容易应用于矿产预测及找矿勘查,按照地质建造与成矿的相对时间,将与各类地质建造有关的成矿系列细化为同生成矿系列、准同生成矿系列、后生成矿系列等类别。借鉴已有的矿床成矿系列,运用新的理念,在鄂尔多斯地区划分的3个成矿区带的基础上,对该地区的矿床成矿系列进行了深化研究,初步确定了18个成矿系列,与11种地质建造有关。     

成矿系列的缺位问题及其在成矿预测中的应用

文章在燕山地区找矿实践中,应用矿床的成矿系列概念和分析方法开展了成矿预测研究,提出了成矿系列缺位概念,其含义是指在一定的区域内,依据矿床的成矿系列概念,经对该区地质演化历史、矿床形成地质环境、成矿作用、成矿物质、矿床时空分布规律、成矿系列模式、成矿体系的系统研究后,确定的成矿体系中各个序次的成矿系列在空间、时代、矿床类型、成矿元素(矿种)等方面应当存在而尚未被发现的部分。并把成矿系列缺位分出4个类别,即成矿系列空间缺位、成矿系列时代缺位、矿床类型缺位、矿床成矿元素(矿种)缺位。对运用成矿系列缺位概念进行成矿预测时应重点研究的内容进行了初步探讨,列举了成矿系列缺位预测成功范例。     

吉林省塔东地区铁矿资源潜力研究

搜集了以往的地质矿产调查、勘查、物探以及科研成果等多元资料;以成矿理论为指导,开展区域成矿地质背景、成矿规律、物探多元信息研究,深入全面总结矿产的成矿类型,研究以成矿系列为核心内容的区域成矿规律;运用体现地质成矿规律内涵的预测技术,全面全过程应用GIS技术,在Ⅳ、Ⅴ级成矿区内圈定预测区基础上,实现资源潜力预测。     

南岭中段锡资源总量预测

南岭中段地区成矿地质条件优越,是中国主要的锡矿产区,近年来的地质找矿又取得了新的突破.笔者从成矿地质背景分析、矿床类型划分人手,在成矿地质条件优越、锡矿资源丰富、矿床类型复杂及工作程度较高的区域,运用"三步式"资源评价方法,结合中国地质类比法及综合地质法等多源地学综合预测理论,采用MRAS资源量评价系统对南岭锡资源潜力进行预测.     

初论综合信息成系列预测

综合信息成矿系列预测系指在成矿系列理论指导下,研究成矿系列产出的地质背景特征、成矿作用特征和矿床共生组合规律,建立成矿系列的区域成矿模式;以成矿模式为基础,统计对比分析同一成矿系列已知矿床的地质标志、地球化学标志、地球物理和遥感地质标志,建立以成矿系列综合标志信息为特征的综合信息成矿系列找矿模型;运用找矿模型实现对矿化单元的成矿系列预测.     

成矿系列与资源评价

成矿系列概念由程裕淇、陈毓川、赵一呜在1979年提出.经过30多年来的不问断地研究,逐步得到完善.矿床成矿系列包含"4个一"或四个要素,即时间、空间、作用与矿床产物,缺一不可,我国广大地矿工作者在应用成矿系列观点指导找矿勘探、总结区域成矿规律方面已取得显著的成绩.使用成矿系列理论开展区域矿产资源预测评价最早由王世称教授在上世纪90年代开始的.最初是使用双重回归分析进行浙江的银铅锌系列矿产的定量预测.之后又提出矿化系列的概念,它包括成矿系列、矿化点、物化探异常等,并分成沉积矿化系列、岩浆矿化系列、变质矿化系列和火山作用矿化系列,目的是将成矿预测与成矿系列理论结合起来.陈毓川、肖克炎、王登红等在十五科技攻关项目中提出了"成矿系列综合信息矿产资源预测评价"三三式"评价方法,并在我国东天山地区铜金预测中成功运用.叶天竺等在成矿系列基础上提出矿床模型地质综合信息矿产资源预测方法.     

试论成矿系列与矿产资源评价

成矿系列研究的内容是矿床的区域成矿规律,研究目的之一是根据矿床的自然分类原则指导地质找矿,确定找矿目标和可能的范围.矿产资源评价的工作内容是依据这一理论,结合物探、化探、遥感、数学等工具,确定出与已知成矿系列相类似区域的成矿可能性,从而达到预测找矿的目的.成矿系列理论为矿产资源评价提供指导,矿产资源评价则为成矿系列理论的实际应用提供平台;同时,矿产资源评价的结果也是对成矿系列理论的验证,可据此完成对成矿规律认识的修正,两者相辅相成.在中国新一轮25种重要矿产资源预测评价工作中,明确提出了要以成矿系列理论为指导,开展未发现的矿产资源的潜力评价.通过该项目的实施,将实现两者的有机结合,使成矿预测工作更有成效,同时,将使成矿系列的研究更加深入.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.