Evaluation of Hydrodynmic Coefficients of Ships Oscillating in A Numerical Wave Tank

A technique for the evaluation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of ships is outlined for ship oscillating in a numerical wave tank,which is established on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theories.The numerical simulation of ship sections and bodies forced oscillating in the tank are carried out.The added mass and damping coefficients are obtained by the decomposition of the computational results,which agree well with the corresponding ones of potential theories.     

深水系泊新型拖曳锚研发关键技术

作为深海工程应用中一种新型的拖曳嵌入式系泊基础,法向承力锚与目前新型的深水绷紧索系泊方式结合,在深水条件下的优势非常明显.综合比较了新型拖曳锚、吸力锚以及桩锚在施工、性能以及经济性等多方面的特点.提出了开展新型拖曳锚研发的若干关键技术.在对国外的实验研究现状进行综合评述的基础上,重点介绍了在构建新型拖曳锚模型实验平台方面取得的成果,涉及模型水槽、拖曳与回收系统、测量系统、模型锚板设计以及拖曳-系泊转换机构等关键技术.     

Development of A Fully Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank

A fully nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT) based on the solution of the σ-transformed Navier-Stokes equation is developed in this study. The numerical wave is generated from the inflow boundary, where the surface elevation and/or velocity are specified by use of the analytical solution or the laboratory data. The Sommerfeld/Orlanski radiation condition in eonjunetion with an artificial damping zone is applied to reduce wave reflection from the outflow boundary. The whole numerical solution procedures are split into three steps, i.e., advection, diffusion and propagation, and a new method, the Lagrange-Euler Method, instead of the MAC or VOF method, is introduced to solve the free surface elevation at the new time step. Several typical wave cases, including solitary waves, regular waves and irregular waves, are simulated in the wave tank. The robustness and accuracy of the NWF are verified by the good agreement between the numerical results and the linear or nonlinear analytical solutions. This research will be further developed by study of wave-wave, wave-current, wave-structure or wave-jet interaction in the future.     

Numerical Wave Tank Based on A Conserved Wave-Absorbing Method

Recently the numerical wave tank has become a widely-used tool to study waves as well as wave-structure interactions, and the wave-absorbing method is very important as its effect on the quality of waves generated. The relaxation method and the derived momentum source method are often utilized, however, the damping weight is constant during calculation and repeated trials are required to obtain an acceptable wave-absorbing effect. To address the above- mentioned issues, a conserved wave-absorbing method is developed. The damping weight is determined by solving the mass conservation equation of the absorbing region at every time step. Based on this method, a two-dimensional numerical wave tank is established by using the VB language to simulate various waves by which the validation of this method is evaluated.     

Generation and Properties of Freak Waves in A Numerical Wave Tank

Freak waves are generated based on the mechanism of wave focusing in a 2D numerical wave tank. To set up the nonlinear numerical wave tank, the Boundary Element Method is used to solve potential flow equations incorporated with fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions. The nonlinear properties of freak waves, such as high frequency components and wave profile asymmetry, are discussed. The kinematic data, which can be useful for the evaluation of the wave forces exerted on structures to avoid underestimation of linear predictions, are obtained, and discussed, from the simulated results of freak waves.     

3D Effects on Vortex-Shedding Flow and Hydrodynamic Coefficients of A Vertically Oscillating Cylinder with A Bottom-Attached Disk

Vortex-shedding flow induced by the vertical oscillation of a cylinder with bottom-attached disks of different diameter ratio D_d/D_c and thickness ratio t_d/D_c is studied by a 3D (three-dimensional) numerical model developed in this paper, and compared with the results obtained through 2D (two-dimensional) numerical model. The high-order upwind scheme is applied to stabilize the computation, and convergence is accelerated by the multi-grid method. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the differences between the 2D and 3D simulation results reveal the 3D effect on the flow field characteristics and hydrodynamic coefficients of the vertically oscillating cylinder with a bottom-attached disk. The 3D effect on the fluid field is mainly reflected in the significance of three vortex-shedding patterns: ω_x has a greater effect on the flow fields around the sharp edges relative to the vortices generated in the 2D simulation. In the slice along the axial orientation, the vortex effect of ω_y along the radial axis is smaller than that of ω_x along the circumferential direction, indicating the radial effect on the velocity more pronounced than the circumferential effect around the sharp edges of the disk. The rotational interaction ω_z of the fluid in the horizontal plane during the heave motion is insignificant. Based on the 2D and 3D simulation results, the turning points that separate the increasing regimes of the added mass coefficient and damping ratio are identified. The dependence of the turning point on the diameter ratio D_d/D_c and thickness ratio t_d/D_c are discussed in detail.     

Determining the Onset and Strength of Unforced Wave Breaking in A Numerical Wave Tank

A numerical wave tank is used to investigate the onset and strength of unforced wave breaking, and the waves have three types of initial spectra: constant amplitude spectrum, constant steepness spectrum and Pierson-Moscowitz spectrum. Numerical tests are performed to validate the model results. Then, the onset of wave breaking is discussed with geometric, kinematic, and dynamic breaking criteria. The strength of wave breaking, which is always characterized by the fractional energy loss and breaking strength coefficient, is studied for different spectra. The results show how the energy growth rate is better than the initial wave steepness on estimating the fractional energy losses as well as breaking strength coefficient.     

两层流体中振荡水平圆柱潜体水动力特性

研究了有限深两层流体中水平圆柱潜体的振荡辐射问题。在线性势流理论框架内,建立求解辐射势的多极展开理论,提出附加质量和阻尼系数的计算方法,进行了数值计算分析,并且与均匀流中的情况进行比较。结果表明,在圆柱潜体的某个振荡频率范围内,流体的分层效应对其附加质量和阻尼系数是有重要影响的。同时,对水平圆柱潜体振荡产生的自由面和内界面波动特性进行了数值分析。     

Simulation of Fully Nonlinear 3-D Numerical Wave Tank

A fully nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT) has been simulated by use of a three-dimensional higher order bouodary element method (HOBEM) in the time domain. Within the frame of potential flow and the adoption of simply Rankine source, the resulting boundary integral equation is repeatedly solved at each time step and the fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are integrated with time to update its position and boundary values. A smooth technique is also adopted in order to eliminate the possible saw-tooth numerical instabilities. The incident wave at the uptank is given as theoretical wave in this paper. The outgoing waves are absorbed inside a damping zone by spatially varying artificial damping on the free surface at the wave tank end. The numerical results show that the NWT developed by these approaches has a high accuracy and good numerical stability.     

Study on Hydrodynamic Coefficients of Double Submerged Inclined Plates

Added mass and damping coefficients are very important in hydrodynamic analysis of naval structures. In this paper, a double submerged inclined plates with ‘/ \’ configuration is firstly considered. By use of the boundary element method (BEM) based on Green function with the wave term, the radiation problem of this special type structure is investigated. The added mass and damping coefficients due to different plate lengths and inclined angles are obtained. The results show that: the added mass and damping coefficients for sway are the largest. Heave is the most sensitive mode to inclined angles. The wave frequencies of the maximal added mass and damping coefficients for sway and roll are the same.     

两层流体中多个振荡水平圆柱潜体水动力特性

采用解析方法研究了无限水深两层流体中多个振荡水平圆柱潜体的水动力特性。在线性势流理论框架内,基于多极子方法建立了辐射势的解析表达式,在此基础上导出了附加质量和阻尼系数的计算公式,采用边界元方法对这种解析方法进行验证,同时研究了两种不同工况下多个振荡水平圆柱潜体水动力的特性,结果表明,两层流体的密度比、圆柱的淹没深度以及圆柱的排列方式和间距等参数的变化对水平圆柱群附加质量和阻尼系数有很大的影响。     

波浪水槽中随机波的模拟

根据线性系统理论,首先由给定的靶谱模拟海浪信号,再把此信号转换为造波控制输入信号,最后在水槽中指定的截面处产生具有给定靶谱的随机波。这种模拟方法已在青岛海洋大学物理海洋实验室的大型水槽中实现,并取得良好的效果。     

新型三维内波及分层流水槽系统

本文提供了作者研制的三维内波及分层流水槽系统的背景技术资料。经源致三维内波的实验证实 ,利用该水槽系统中的双缸制取分层水系统可快速制取所需的分层水 ,不必利用分子扩散而 1次得到预先设置的密度剖面。同时 ,还介绍了利用该水槽系统进行的 1个典型的源致内波的内波增阻实验。从所获得的增阻实验结果得知 ,对于一给定的分层、拖曳速度和水下回转体 ,存在唯一 1个内Froude数使得强迫源受到最大的内波增阻。大量的实验证实 :该水槽系统是研究三维自由和强迫内波的 1个基本实验系统。     

数值水槽内的阻尼消波和波浪变形计算

采用时域内对波面运动位置追踪的边界元方法,建立了一种非线性波浪变形计算的三维数值模式,并借助Spongelayer阻尼消波和Sommerfeld放射条件相匹配的处理方式,开发了一条三维非线性波的数值造波水槽,进而对水槽内的Stokes波进行了波浪变形计算。     

波浪作用下带月池结构船体运动数值预报

流体在月池内发生共振时,有可能给船舶带来多种危险。建立基于N-S方程和VOF法的三维数值波浪水池,通过实现船体与波浪的耦合运动,对月池内流体发生活塞运动共振情况下的船体运动做出了数值预报,研究了船体运动和月池内流体运动的相互影响。通过与无月池结构船体运动对比,得到了共振情况下月池内流体活塞运动会增大船体垂荡运动的结论;通过与船体静止情况下月池内流体运动的对比,得到了船体运动会增大月池内流体活塞运动的结论。另外还研究了月池内的流场变化,以研究月池振荡的机理。     

Numerical Modeling of Water Wave Interaction with A Soft Mud Bed

A vertical 2-D numerical model is presented for simulating the interaction between water waves and a soft mud bed. Taking into aceotmt nonlinear theology, a semi-empirical theological model is applied to this water-mud model, reflecting the combined visco-elasto-plastic properties of soft mud under such oscillatory external forces as water waves. In order to increase the resolution of the flow in the neighborhood of both sides of the inter-surface, a logarithmic grid in the vertical direction is employed for numerical treatment. Model verifications are given through comparisons between the calculated and the measured mud mass transport velocities as well as wave height changes.     

龙口市人工岛周边海域波浪场和水动力场的数值模拟

为了科学的分析离岸人工岛群对周边海岸动力的影响,本文以龙口市人工岛为例,运用MIKE21数值模拟软件建立了龙口离岸人工岛及附近海域的水动力模型和波浪模型,根据波浪的生成、成长和传播原理,针对最有可能形成较大波浪的W、WNW、NW三个方向,采用频率为0.5%(重现期为200a)的高潮位叠加频率为0.5%(重现期为200a)的W、WNW和NW向风作用下的波浪场和水动力场进行数值模拟研究,给出了高潮位条件下人工岛周边不同波向对应的有效波高和最大波高值,以及最大流速和流向数据,可为人工岛群的地坪标高确立和防浪建筑物的布设提供科学依据。     

港口内靠码头系泊船运动的计算

本文以英国南海岸处Ｓｈｏｒｅｈａｍ港内系泊船为例，研究了港口内靠码头系泊船运动的数值计算问题。该船的实船实验和模型实验已经完成，为验证本文计算结果提供了依据。运动方程在时域内求解。在计算船体脉冲响应函数时，引入了船体阻尼系数在频率很低时的渐近表达式和一迭代算法。分析了港内共振波浪和其对船体的作用力。讨论了靠码头系泊船运动的非线性特征。计算结果与实验结果符合很好。