泉州地磁台新址观测环境的监测与评估

本文对福建泉州地磁台白水营老址与丰州镇董埔村候选新台址，使用高灵敏度，快速记录的磁通门磁力仪，对台址周围观测环境进行了全面对比监测，从地磁短周期脉冲干扰，地磁场变化形态，日变幅、时均值相关分析等方面进行评估，指出老址的周围环境干扰量已超出０．１ｎＴ的＜＜地磁台站观测规范＞＞要求，新址符合＜＜地磁台站观测规范＞＞要求，适宜建立永久性地磁基本台。     

关于仪器比较中墩差测定的讨论

精密测定地磁台观测室内的墩位差，它对于统一标准、仪器比较、验收仪器，实现观测工作正常化，标准化至关重要。地磁组于１９９３～１９９６年在北京台３＃与５＃观测墩上，连续４年使用Ｇ８５６质子旋进式磁力仪测定地磁总强度Ｆ２１次，笔者对７７４个数据进行了统计，其结果是，３＃与５＃墩之差值ΔＦＢ（３－５）＝－３．５７ｎＴ，标准偏差ＳＦ＝±０．４５ｎＴ。并对墩差的测量方法、复测次数、以及数列与数据组的选择进行了有益的讨论。     

1992年6月28日加州兰德斯Mw7.3地震的近场地磁观测

最近的报告表明，在大地震前和震时会发生大的磁场变化。在距１９９２年６月２８日Ｍｗ７．３兰德斯地震震中分别为１７．３ｋｍ和２４．２ｋｍ处，连续观测的两个质子磁力仪台站ＬＳＢＭ和ＯＣＨＭ记录到该地震及其余震的数据。这两个台站是质子磁力仪差值连续台网的一部分，该台网沿圣安德烈期断层布设，自１９７６年以来一直运转。仪器是灵敏度为０．２５ｎＴ或更高些，每１０分钟通过ＧＯＥＳ卫星向加州门罗帕克的美国地质调查局     

福建东南部地磁场变化与闽台地震活动的关系

本文利用１９７７－１９８７年福建地区地磁测量与五个台站的地磁资料，分析了地磁场总强度的变化，研究了地磁异常变化与闽台地震活动的关系，结果表明，福建东南部地区１９８３－１９８９年地磁场总强度呈上升趋势，其平均年度变化率约为２０ｎＴ／年，且存在长期变化的局部差异性。对于１９８７年８月２日江西省寻乌Ｍ＝５．６级地震，在离震中约１０ｋｍ的寻乌测点上观测到约１３ｎＴ的震磁信息；对于台湾及其邻区发生的Ｍ≥６．     

大同—阳高地震的地磁异常研究

对大同－阳高地震的地磁场ΔＦ时、空变化做了分析。认为６．１级地震前８个月山西北部地磁场ΔＦ出现异常，同年９月达高潮。６．１级地震后的１９９０年３月地磁场活动又出现了第２次高潮。２次高潮的异常幅度分别为１３．０ｎＴ和１３．２ｎＴ。大同－阳高地震的地磁异常具有时段长，连续性好，空间分布广的特点。     

海口火山区开展地磁相对观测的初步研究

海口马鞍岭火山综合观测台与琼中基准地磁台相距约86km,前者将GM4磁通门磁力仪安装在特制的弱磁性大理石箱体中,开展地磁场D,H,Z三分量相对观测;后者将Flearplus和Over—hauser磁通门磁力仪安装在无磁性地磁房中,开展F总场绝对观测和D,H,Z三分量相对观测。通过两个台站D,H,Z三分量变化场的相关对比分析,相关系数皆达到0．98以上。这说明,在火山区开展地磁相对观测是可行的,而采用弱磁性大理石箱体安放磁通门磁力仪进行地磁相对观测具有很高的推广价值。     

地磁台网秒采样数据噪声分析及降低方法

中国地震局国家地磁台网共有111套秒采样仪器装备在50个地磁台站以及甘肃天祝、四川西昌、重庆三峡3个磁通门台阵上,主要包括FHDZ-M15地磁总场和分量组合观测系统28套,GM4/GM3型磁通门磁力仪观测系统78套,FGE型磁通门磁力仪观测系统2套,GSM-19FD型磁力仪3套.     

大同－阳高地震的地磁异常研究

对大同－阳高地震的地磁场△Ｆ时、空变化做了分析。认为６．１级地震前８个月山西北部地磁场△Ｆ出现异常，同年９月达高潮。６．１级地震后的１９９０年３月地磁场活动又出现了第２次高潮。２次高潮的异常幅度分别为１３．０ｎＴ和１３．２ｎＴ。大同－阳高地震的地磁异常具有时段长，连续性好，空间分布广的特点。     

1995年兵库县南部地震时观测的同震地磁变化

在离１９９５年兵库县南部地震（Ｍ＝７．２）震源区近１００ｋｍ的两个台上观测到脉冲式的同震地磁变化。在该工震对其最大幅度为０．６￣１．０ｎＴ，而持续时间为２０￣３０ｓ。在发震时刻及其之后１７ｓ地震波到达观测点之前，这些变化看来就已经开始了。对余震的叠加时间分析亦揭示了类似的地磁变化，尽管其幅度比主震时小一个量级。作为这种同震地磁变化的可能原因，讨论了地壳电动机制。     

一种适合定点使用的DTZ型质子旋进磁力仪

系统地介绍了ＤＴＺ系列质子旋进磁力仪的思路和性能特点，通过台站使用认为，ＤＴＺ系列仪器能满足地磁台观测精度的要求，具有实际使用的价值。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.