人工神经网络在桩基工程中的应用综述

对人工神经网络在桩基工程中的应用研究工作进行了回顾与评述。总结了神经网络在单桩承载力、荷载－位移关系预测以及基桩动测完整性判释等方面的技术成果与水平，并分析和探讨了进一步的研究方向和应用前景。     

Research into Exploitation and Application of Three Sorts of Unconventional Nonmetal Resources

In this paper the authors introduce their past years' study results about the exploitation and application of three sorts of nontraditional nonmetal minerals. In this research, the main aspects and techniques of basic study for the exploitation and application are summarized, and some key science and technological problems are proposed as the objects of their future research.     

Application of modern geomorphological methods in theory and practice: Case study of the Bohemian Highlands (Czech Republic)

There are a lot of methods used in geomorphological research (Goudie 1992). However, sometimes it is very hard to find their application in practice. This paper deals with an application of geomorphological methods such as morphostructural analysis, detailed geomorphological mapping and computer analysis in the Geographical Information System ARC/INFO, in the field and discusses their application at the building trade, ecology, etc. The author applied them to geomorphological research in the northeastern part of the Hercynian Bohemian Highlands.     

杀虫剂在地下环境中的存在与分布

杀虫剂在环境中的存在与分布取决于其类型、施用量、次数、时间、方法以及一系列天然和人为因素,包括水文、地貌、土壤、地表植被、水文地质和气象等条件。文中使用模拟技术定量研究杀虫剂在地下环境中的存在和分布规律;运用一个综合的杀虫剂运移模型(IPTM-CS)模拟了五种不同杀虫剂在耦合植被-土壤系统中的运移过程;通过考察四个不同的方案,综合评价了这些杀虫剂的特性及使用情况对它们在地下系统中存在和分布的影响。研究表明:杀虫剂的形成模式非常复杂,而且时空分布变异性强;尽管杀虫剂的持久性和移动性主要取决于它们本身内在的特性,但杀虫剂的使用情况,包括施用时间、地点和方法确实会对它们在地下环境中的运移途径、迁移过程、机理以及存在和分布产生深刻的影响。     

Bacterial biosurfactants can be an ecofriendly and advanced technology for remediation of heavy metals and co-contaminated soil

Environmental pollution due to heavy metals has become a significant drawback as a result of their ecotoxicity. Hence, their remediation is of pressing concern. Many technologies are planned for their remediation; however, most of them are highly expensive and result in incomplete removal of contaminants. So, massive attention has paid to the event and application of the latest biologically techniques, that is effective in remedy and cost, not harming the prevailing surroundings. Hence, application of biosurfactant in heavy metal remediation is one among the recent ecofriendly technique. The present review critically highlights bacterial biosurfactants as a best alternative technique for heavy metals remediation. The review also emphasizes that bacterial biosurfactants can open up a new vista in remediation of metal-contaminated soil.     

Application of dynamic parameters for recording during acoustic profiling

The possibilities for the application of dynamic parameters of acoustic records (amplitude, reflection polarity, and frequency composition) for identifying the lithology of deposits and their physical properties, as well as their gas saturation, are discussed. Using examples of different field measurements it is shown that application of the dynamic parameters of acoustic records during interpretation allowed us in some cases to understand in detail the physical nature of visually recognized acoustic anomalies, while in other cases it provided grounds for a different interpretation of the data, and in some cases even permitted correction of errors of visual interpretation of time sections.     

城市洪涝模拟应用场景及相应技术策略

城市洪涝模拟是当前国内外城市防洪减灾领域研究的热点。现有城市洪涝模拟方面的评述,主要依据城市洪涝过程或模拟计算方法进行分类讨论,缺乏基于应用需求的视角。随着应用需求日益深入,城市洪涝模拟应用场景日趋多样化和复杂化,不同模拟应用场景下,所关注的洪涝过程不同,采用的技术策略及其重点和难点也不同,脱离模拟应用场景很难辨析这些不同。依据模拟对象和关注变量,归纳总结出城市洪涝模拟的3种典型应用场景,即城市外洪模拟、城市雨洪模拟、城市内涝模拟;针对这3种典型模拟应用场景,分析相应的城市洪水演进模型、城市雨洪模型、半分布式暴雨内涝模型、全分布式暴雨内涝模型等4类模拟技术策略;辨析在不同模拟应用场景和技术策略下,不同模拟技术的组合方式及其特点与难点,以期从应用需求的角度对城市洪涝模拟技术进行全面的梳理,为城市洪涝模拟应用和研究提供一个新的视角。     

人为土的工程分类与利用研究

为了系统地了解和掌握人为土的工程性质,更好地开发和利用人为土,本文对人为土进行了比较系统的研究,定义了人为土的内涵,分析了人为土的成因,确立了人为土的分类原则,建立了人为土的工程分类和利用体系。根据人为土的成因,将人为土分成二个大类,五个亚类和十一个种类,并对每一类土的内涵、基本原理、工程性质及其优缺点等进行了详细的分述,在此基础上,提出了各类人为土的工程利用方案和适用范围。研究成果为人为土的研究和工程利用提供了理论基础。     

现代遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用

文章论述了现代遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用,包括遥感岩性识别、矿化蚀变信息提取、地质构造信息提取和植被波谱特征的找矿应用等;总结了遥感地质找矿技术的若干新发展,即多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取技术、高光谱遥感技术、遥感生物地球化学技术,以及它们在地质找矿应用中的新发展;对遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用提出了几点认识及展望.     

The artificial neural network as a tool for assessing geotechnical properties

Geotechnical properties are controlled by factors such as mineralogy, fabric and pore water: dynamic properties which can change in response to the environment and human intervention. Their interactions are difficult to establish by statistical methods alone due to their interdependence. Based on the application of an artificial neural network, a methodology has been developed for predicting geotechnical properties utilising their Relative Strength of Effect (RSE) and Potential Relative Strength of Effect (PRSE). The PRSE reveals the trend in the neighbourhood of the focus point and has been found to be less sensitive to any noise existing within the data set. An application is illustrated using sandstone data published by Hawkins and McConnel (1991) whereby the possible influence of petrological characteristics on their geotechnical properties has been assessed.     

基于曙光3000计算环境的寒旱区资源环境数据平台建设

通过对寒区旱区资源环境研究中已积累的大量特色数据、应用模式和程序的分析,对分布式网络环境中的数据采集与管理、应用模式和程序的移植集成、应用程序与数据的交互访问等技术进行了讨论,提出建立由数据中心、中间件服务、应用服务、一站式管理组成的数据平台是提高数据利用效率,方便实现数据与应用集成,提高科研效率的一种有效途径之一.对数据平台建设的主要思路及实现技术进行了详细讨论,并在实验基础上,初步建立了基于曙光3000高性能计算环境的寒区旱区资源环境数据平台,为以后的数据网格建设做了一定的技术准备.     

铁矿物催化氧化技术在水处理中的应用

广泛存在于地下水中的各种有机污染物严重影响着水资源的安全利用,常见的水处理工艺对持久性有机污染物去除效果不够理想。近年来,天然含铁矿物作为催化剂,催化过氧化氢的化学治理方法对各种有机污染物去除效果显著。概述近年来主要含铁矿物、负载型矿物和纳米矿物材料催化过氧化氢在地下水有机污染去除中的应用,探讨了该领域的发展现状和存在问题,并对其应用前景进行展望。认为天然矿物材料具有成本低、在地壳中含量高、环境友好等特点,可用于多种有机污染物的去除与降解。但处理过程中,天然有机质的作用、纳米矿物材料的毒性和地球化学归宿问题应该做进一步研究。     

多元分析法在无机多组份光度分析中的应用

本文介绍了一些多元分析法,诸如多元线性回归、主成份分析、因子分析、偏最小二乘、聚类分析等方法的基本原理及各自的特点,并就这些方法的近代进展及在无机多组份光度分析中的应用作了综述。     

Landscape synthesis,landscape processes and land classification,some theoretical and methodological issues

Systems of land classification are discussed as important procedures in landscape synthesis. Existing systems are examined and found to have limited application because of their lack of functional integration of landscape/environmental components, their lack of focus upon the active components of the landscape and their limited ability to predict land capability and the consequences of environmental impact. An alternative procedure is suggested whereby process data can be used. The basics of the method are described and the system illustrated by reference to different environments. By adopting this approach the links between classification, capability assessment and impact assessment are more clearly understood.     

矩、概率权重矩与线性矩的关系分析

本文叙述了矩、概率权重矩与线性矩之间的关系，并以Г分布为例进行分析。线性矩的计算式为概率权重矩的线性组合，两者的计算结果完全相同。概率权重矩和线性矩均与指定的频率分布型式和作为权重的概率有关，结果的敏感性较差。详细分析了计算参数的近似公式及其精度。对水文应用而言，它们的计算结果仅是估计的初值，需经过合理性分析才能取用。     

浅谈工程物探技术的应用与开发

本文简单介绍了工程物探技术的应用领域及主要特点，以简表形式列出了当前工程物探技术的主要方法，分析了当前工程物探技术应用状况及市场前景，着重讨论了工程物探技术进一步开发的思路和观点。     

地震影像与瑞雷波法在探测地下障碍物中的应用

在工程建筑中经常遇到建筑物下方有供水、供气管道或地下防空洞等障碍物,准确测定其位置对其进行处理至关重要。文章结合两个工程实例,对地震影像法和瑞雷波法综合应用在解决这类工程施工中遇到的问题作了简明阐述,说明正确合理的应用该方法具有快速、经济,准确等优点。     

控矿成矿构造的研究动向

阐述了控矿成矿构造研究的一些新进展,包括剥离断层和剪切带理论在矿田构造研究中的应用及其控矿规律和成矿作用,构造旋回、变形序列、成矿阶段、矿化类型之间的内在联系,建立构造成矿序列的方法和意义,动力成矿机理的基本内容和研究手段及其在建立动力成矿模式、进行隐伏矿床预测中的应用。     

边界问题及其对真空预压的影响

给出了真空预压区四周开敞式与封闭式边界定义、两者的不同,分析了开敞式边界加固效果优于封闭式边界的原因并以三个实例说明之,给出如何将封闭式转化为开敞式的方法;柔性与刚性密封膜同样可构成开敞式与封闭式边界,讨论了此时两种边界下差别;给出了密封墙和支挡墙的定义、功能、应用范围;讨论了水泥搅拌与旋喷桩单体墙与格栅墙的定义、功能、应用范围,前者只能作为密封墙,后者既可作密封墙也可作支挡墙.     

非金属矿物在抗菌材料制备中的应用

介绍了几种非金属矿物(沸石、海泡石等)的结构特点,并简要阐述了以沸石、海泡石和累托石等为载体的金属离子型无机抗菌剂的制备方法及其对各种菌类的抑制情况;天然非金属矿物结构独特,价格低,资源广,作为抗菌剂载体具有很高的应用价值。