独立坐标系转换方法的探讨

以贵阳市花溪区某市政道路控制网成果为数据支撑,结合贵阳市独立坐标系建立的相关理论,采用平面四参数模型、仿射变换模型、多项式拟合法实现了贵阳市独立坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系的转换,并对各种转换成果进行精度评价与分析,可为以后的工程应用提供一些参考。     

几种影像坐标系转换方法的应用与比较

结合工程应用实践,分析了平移变换、相似变换、仿射变换等实现影像平面坐标转换的方法,三种方法各有适应范围与优缺点,实际应用中选择哪种变换方法,主要以最大限度保证影像光谱信息不受损失,其次以精度损失最小的平面坐标转换模型为标准,就能得到满足应用需要的成果。     

非线性坐标转换模型及其解算方法

具体描述了两个具有代表性的非线性坐标转换模型,即三维坐标转换的严密模型和二维坐标转换的仿射变换几何模型,给出了它们基于非线性平差的修正高斯—牛顿解算方法,并结合算例与相应的线性模型进行了比较。对于其它非线性坐标转换模型的解算,亦具有重要的指导意义和实用价值。     

基于仿射变换的新型遥感传感器成像模型

从平行投影的几何关系分析、投影性质的转换、严格仿射变换数学模型的建立等方面,研究基于仿射变换的传感器成像模型,给出实验结果和分析结论。实验结果表明,该方法可以产生一个精度高并且稳定的模型定向结果。     

GPS高程异常混合模型建模研究

介绍GPS高程异常常用的几种拟合模型,根据"移去-恢复"法的本质,将单一模型组合起来,建立混合模型。结合具体实例,运用Matlab进行数据处理,并进行精度比较。结果表明,混合模型精度一般都高于单一模型精度,且在高程变化较大的山区效果更为明显,由此验证了混合模型在实际工程中应用的可行性。     

海南大地控制网一致性研究

首先对海南已有的四套不同时期坐标成果进行公共点求取,再由公共点进行方案设计,然后以相似变换、仿射变换、双线性变换和二维七参数变换为转换模型对方案进行转换模型求解,通过计算分析仿射变换的转换效果比使用相似变换和双线性变换效果要好。最后利用Surfer软件和AutoCAD软件对转换后坐标与原始坐标差值生成差值等值图,研究各套坐标成果之间的差值关系。通过研究对旧坐标系下坐标成果的利用提出建议,并编写系统性软件,为2000国家大地坐标系在海南的推广使用打下基础。     

两种坐标转换模型及程序实现

针对工程中常需要进行坐标转换的问题,本文首先分析了坐标转换的方法,再就七参数转换和四参数转换这两种常用的转换模型进行了阐述,并利用Householder变换算法实现了坐标转换。     

基于四元数法的空间坐标转换模型初探

详细解释了四元数法中各元素的含义以及线性化函数模型的具体推演过程,提出了利用该方法解算坐标转换参数的算法步骤和参数的转换精度评价。利用实际工程构件的已知的两套坐标数据对四元数函数模型进行验证,通过对比转换后坐标与已知坐标可知,精度满足要求,方法可行。     

对我国新旧重力系统转换的几点意见

本文提出了我国新旧重力系统实施转换的三种方法。其中平差法理论严谨,充分顾及了重力系统差异的物理意义,并可获得足够的信息,以估算旧网的实际精度;插值法为实地转换,系统转换误差小,计算简便,是较理想的实用模型;回归法是两套系统的平滑拟合,采用全国统一的转换模型,计算工作量最小。三种方法亦可结合使用。     

提高城市大比例尺地形图转换到CGCS2000精度的探讨

针对在进行城市坐标系中的大比例尺地形图转换到CGCS2000中,采用统一区域坐标转换模型进行整体转换,将会使地形图在转换后的精度不能满足成图精度要求,提出了通过对区域内的所有控制点进行兼容性检测,剔除不能满足精度要求的点后,对所有控制点构建TIN,然后采用仿射变换模型分块对各三角形内的大比例尺地形图进行转换,从而实现提...     

多级空间信息网格间的平面坐标变换精度分析

简要介绍了在多级空间信息网格间进行坐标变换的基本原理，通过对平面仿射变换与严格坐标变换坐标精度的比较发现，在适当尺度的网格内。用平面仿射变换代替严格变换的坐标变换精度高于地图表达精度。试验结果为多级空间信息网格的划分及适应空间坐标变换的空间数据组织方式提供了尺度准则。     

Insights into the affine model for high-resolution satellite sensor orientation

As a model for sensor orientation and 3D geopositioning for high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI), the affine transformation from object to image space has obvious advantages. Chief among these is that it is a straightforward linear model, comprising only eight parameters, which has been shown to yield sub-pixel geopositioning accuracy when applied to Ikonos stereo imagery. This paper aims to provide further insight into the affine model in order to understand why it performs as well as it does. Initially, the model is compared to counterpart, ‘rigorous’ affine transformation formulations which account for the conversion from a central perspective to affine image. Examination of these rigorous models sheds light on issues such as the effects of terrain and size of area, as well as upon the choice of reference coordinate system and the impact of the adopted scanning mode of the sensor. The results of application of the affine sensor orientation model to four multi-image Ikonos test field configurations are then presented. These illustrate the very high geopositioning accuracy attainable with the affine model, and illustrate that the model is not affected by size of area, but can be influenced to a modest extent by mountainous terrain, the mode of scanning and the choice of object space coordinate system. Above all, the affine model is shown to be both a robust and practical sensor orientation/triangulation model with high metric potential.     

轨道约束的资源三号标准景影像区域网平差

考虑到同轨道拍摄的长条带卫星影像具有相同的误差分布特性,针对资源三号的标准景影像产品,提出了基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差方法。首先,根据同轨相邻影像的偏移量计算轨道影像坐标系下的像点坐标;其次,通过同轨每景影像的RFM重新生成轨道影像的RFM,同时生成补偿格网;然后,根据基于像方仿射变换的RFM对轨道影像进行区域网平差;最后,利用求得的轨道影像的仿射变换参数重新计算原始单景影像的仿射变换参数。利用不同地区资源三号测绘卫星影像数据的试验表明,基于轨道约束的卫星影像区域网平差（以下简称轨道平差）在稀疏控制条件下,其精度明显好于单景影像平差的精度。在6控情况下,太行山试验区达到平面2.504m高程3.117m,在渭南试验区达到了平面4.061m高程2.895m。试验结果证明了轨道平差的有效性和可行性。     

基于仿射变换的MapInfo矢量图形坐标纠正的方法探讨

在实践的基础上，提出了用仿射变换的方法解决MapInfo中矢量图形坐标，包括地图注记的纠正问题。     

Estimation and improvement in the geolocation accuracy of rational polynomial coefficients with minimum GCPs using KOMPSAT-3A

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose a method to regenerate Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) using KOMPSAT-3A imagery and to reduce the geolocation error using minimum ground control points (GCPs). To estimate the new RPCs, the physical sensor model fitted to KOMPSAT-3A imagery was utilized and virtual GCPs over the study area were created. The size of the virtual grid used was 20x20x20. To remove the sensor-related errors in physical sensor model, three different image correction models (image coordinate translation model, shift and drift model, and affine transformation model) were additionally applied. We evaluated our proposed method in two areas within Korea, one in urban (Seoul) and one in rural (Goheung) areas. The results showed that there was a significant improvement after applying the suggested approach in the two areas. The image coordinate translation model is suggested in terms of GCP requirement and expected errors estimated from the error propagation analysis using Gauss–Markov Model (GMM).     

三维坐标转换参数求解的一种直接搜索法

采取了两步措施简化三维坐标转换非线性模型:①旋转矩阵的3个旋转角用一个反对称矩阵的3个独立元素代替,将旋转矩阵由反对称矩阵构成Lodrigues矩阵;②将坐标转换7参数模型变换成基线向量模型,消去平移3参数.然后,采用遗传算法与模式搜索法相结合的一种直接搜索法求解参数.算例表明,该算法是可行的.最后,从坐标转换精度的角度时基线向量模型原点与公共点的选取进行了分析,结论是原点选取的点的精度相对较高时坐标转换精度相对较高,公共点的选取以3～5个精度高的点为宜.     

激光扫描中平面拟合及坐标转换模型构建

坐标转换是测绘领域经常遇到的问题,如局部坐标系和全局坐标系间的转换、多传感器融合时各传感器间坐标系的相互转换等等.采用平面代替传统坐标转换中的公共点,建立了基于平面的坐标转换模型.首先给出平面的标准定义;然后提出一种基于稳健的 RANSAC算法的特征值的平面拟合方法用于从点云数据中提取公共平面;构建基于平面表示的坐标转换模型并推导转换参数的计算方法;最后,通过模拟数据与实测数据验证模型的正确性.     

格网内插法坐标转换

由于我国天文大地网存在较大的局部系统差和累积误差,采用Bursa模型完成坐标转换后往往还剩余较大的残差。为了提高转换精度,可以将转换区域划分为小的格网单元,利用数学模型计算得到每个格网节点的坐标转换改正量;再通过格网内插得到其中任意位置的坐标转换改正量,从而完成坐标转换。对同一区域分别用Bursa 7参数法与格网内插法进行了坐标转换,格网内插法的转换精度明显高于Bursa法。     

Parameter estimation in 3D affine and similarity transformation: implementation of variance component estimation

Three-dimensional (3D) coordinate transformations, generally consisting of origin shifts, axes rotations, scale changes, and skew parameters, are widely used in many geomatics applications. Although in some geodetic applications simplified transformation models are used based on the assumption of small transformation parameters, in other fields of applications such parameters are indeed large. The algorithms of two recent papers on the weighted total least-squares (WTLS) problem are used for the 3D coordinate transformation. The methodology can be applied to the case when the transformation parameters are generally large of which no approximate values of the parameters are required. Direct linearization of the rotation and scale parameters is thus not required. The WTLS formulation is employed to take into consideration errors in both the start and target systems on the estimation of the transformation parameters. Two of the well-known 3D transformation methods, namely affine (12, 9, and 8 parameters) and similarity (7 and 6 parameters) transformations, can be handled using the WTLS theory subject to hard constraints. Because the method can be formulated by the standard least-squares theory with constraints, the covariance matrix of the transformation parameters can directly be provided. The above characteristics of the 3D coordinate transformation are implemented in the presence of different variance components, which are estimated using the least squares variance component estimation. In particular, the estimability of the variance components is investigated. The efficacy of the proposed formulation is verified on two real data sets.