焦家金矿1^#主矿体下盘低品位资源开发利用探讨

焦家金矿是一座20世纪60年代发现的老矿山,随着采矿深度和力度的加大,保有资源量已经不足,在黄金价格持续走高的情况下,焦家金矿提出了开发利用低品位资源的计划。文章利用成本收益比较法计算出了焦家金矿低品位下限为1.067×10^-6,并估算出了1.00×10^-6～1.50×10^-6范围的资源量为226.38万t（矿石量）,金金属量2600.86kg,平均品位1.15×10^-6,可有效地延长矿山服务年限4.5年。     

中亚造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部找矿：以红旗岭铜镍矿床为例

为了对中亚造山成矿带东段南缘红旗岭岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床深部（500～1 000 m）隐伏矿体进行成矿预测,采用高精度重力和2.5维人机交互式反演方法,对含矿性较好的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体（如#1、#3及新#3岩体）进行底部含矿性研究。结果表明：高精度重力异常开展不同高度上延并结合垂向一阶导数等数据处理,可有效地厘定深部隐伏岩体空间展布;2.5维人机交互式反演方法可以识别深部微弱的矿致异常,推测研究区#3岩体埋深700～1 100 m存在5个脉状盲矿体。经钻探验证,成功发现32 259 t]镍矿（矿石平均品位达0.36%）,其中②号矿体为最厚矿体,见矿深度为700～1 100 m,镍矿平均品位为0.39%,储量达27 433 t。     

沂水县北躲庄铁矿地质特征

山东省沂水县北躲庄矿区处于汞丹山凸起之上,其西侧为马站苏村凹陷,东侧为莒县凹陷。区域地层分布较齐全,构造复杂,岩浆岩发育。该矿区地层简单,只出露新太古代泰山岩群柳杭组地层包体和新生代第四纪松散堆积物;构造有韧性剪切带和脆性断裂构造2种;岩浆岩发育,主要分布有古元古代条花峪单元、松山单元、三官寨单元。铁矿体赋存于泰山岩群柳杭组的顶部,共圈定了7个矿体,矿体呈层状产出,倾向110＆#176;～120＆#176;,倾角47＆#176;～82＆#176;。TFe 品位29％～37％。其矿体成因为沉积变质型铁矿。     

中条山铜矿峪4#矿体矿床模型的建立及其研究

通过对中条山铜矿峪4#矿体的矿床模型基本参数的描述，以20m块矿床模型建立数据库。采用克立格法实现品位建模，在此基础上，完成了4#矿体的矿石储量计算。该成果与实际地质勘探资料基本吻合。     

缓倾斜薄矿体采矿方法的实践

桦甸市汇源矿业公司大羊岔金矿的0、1号矿脉属缓倾斜薄矿脉,其上部矿体较厚,平均0.81 m,金平均品位11.5×10-6。中、下部矿体逐渐变薄,品位逐渐降低,平均厚度0.3~0.5 m,金平均品位(4.5~6.0)×10-6。原来的采矿方法不能适应生产的需要,为此在0号脉110 m中段的1、2、3号采场分别进行了普通全面采矿法方案、宽进路推进杆柱房柱法方案、工作面临时支护分采充填法方案的实验,实验结果表明,工作面临时支护分采充填法方案是一种较好的采矿方法,它既可以降低贫化率、损失率,提高经济效益,又可以少向井外排废石,减少环境污染,降低闭坑后恢复植被的成本。     

金川铜镍硫化物矿床1号矿体矿石成因研究

金川Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床赋存于超镁铁岩体中,是世界第三大镍矿床。金川岩体中部(1#矿体)Ni金属储量约占整个金川矿床的56.8%,岩石呈同心带状分布,矿体横剖面形态为舌状,中间为网状矿石,周围是浸染状矿石,其网状结构矿石丰度远远高于其他矿石类型。1#矿体不同类型矿石亲Cu元素100%硫化物计算后,原始地幔标准化配分模式指示矿石的IPGE具有、高低2个系列的数值特征,Pt变化很大,大部分样品Pt/(Pt+Pd)值在(0.3～0.7)范围之外。钻孔样品Ni、Cu品位的变化指示富Cu矿石富集于网状矿体中、下部,网状矿石的Ni、Cu品位呈明显的负相关关系,Ni/Cu值在深部变化较大。研究认为,1#矿体遭受热液蚀变作用影响明显,矿石IPGE的变化和小尺度的Ni/Cu值循环变化由MSS分离结晶作用所致,矿体中、下部富集富Cu矿石和深部Ni/Cu值变化较大由MSS分离结晶作用和热液蚀变作用综合所致。     

云南某微细粒辉钼矿工艺矿物学与浮选回收技术研究

针对云南某单一的低品位硫化钼矿,辉钼矿嵌布粒度粗细极不均匀,微细粒含量高的特点,进行了工艺矿物学与浮选回收技术研究.采用原矿粗磨—钼粗精矿再磨的阶段磨浮选矿回收工艺,以水玻璃和硫化钠做脉石矿物的抑制剂,以煤油和2#油分别作辉钼矿的捕收剂和起泡剂,对原矿Mo品位0.22％,全流程浮选闭路试验获得了钼精矿含M050.12％,回收率92.73％的浮选指标,浮选回收工艺流程合理、药剂制度简单环保.     

东疆地区某氧化铜矿选矿试验研究

对新疆东疆地区某氧化铜矿石进行选别试验,确定该氧化铜矿选别流程为一粗二扫一精：选别的最佳条件为：磨矿细度90％;粗选硫化钠用量2500g／t;BX与丁胺黑药组合使用做捕收剂,用量分别为3500g／t和850g／t;2#油用量106g／t.铜精矿品位25．76％,回收率73.51％.     

石英傅立叶变换漫反射红外光谱在成矿作用研究中的应用——以山西繁峙义兴寨金矿床为例

作为热液成因矿床中最为主要的贯通性矿物,石英的内部结构和成分在不同成矿阶段会产生系统性变化.石英粉末漫反射红外光谱1 200 cm-1～400 cm-1指纹谱段对此变化较为敏感,可以用来指示不同成矿阶段石英与成矿的关系.研究对山西义兴寨金矿1 070 m中段MO#脉、1*脉,2#脉,3#-4#矿体,M3#脉,950 m和830 m中段的5#脉和6#脉41件不同成矿阶段的石英粉末进行漫反射红外光谱测试,并利用1 070 m中段各矿脉石英粉末光谱特征参数进行矿物学填图.结果表明.非对称伸缩振动谱带1 085 cm-1半高宽值与石英晶格中的类质同像替换浓度有关,类质同像杂质浓度愈高,1 085 cm-1半高宽相对愈大;填图结果指示该值与金品位值的分布对应性较好.对称伸缩振动谱带800cm-1和780 cm-1的吸收强度与石英所经历的构造差应力呈正相关关系,填图结果表明800 cm-1和780 cm-1吸收强度高值区与金品位高值区的分布几乎趋于一致.红外结晶指数表征石英晶体的结晶程度,随着成矿温度逐渐降低,石英的结晶程度从无序逐渐向有序转化,红外结晶指数也随之减小.     

四川省理塘县日乃金矿床地质特征及控矿因素

四川省日乃金矿位于甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带的南段,区内中生代构造-岩浆活动强烈,发育上、下两套蛇绿岩,日乃金矿即赋存于上部的瓦能蛇绿岩组中,矿化带主要发育在区域性断裂次级的F6和F7之间的断裂破碎带中,矿化范围具有中-低温热液蚀变,形成3条金矿化带,矿体为脉状,长520~1120 m,宽5.18~6.97 m;矿体倾向NW,倾角40°~75°;矿石品位w（Au）=1.89×10^-6~3.77×10^-6;矿石的主要含金矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂。根据金矿地质特征和主要控矿因素提出矿床的成因类型为与燕山晚期构造-岩浆活动有关的热液交代充填型金矿床,同时归纳了日乃金矿床的控矿因素。     

中国南方风化磷块岩研究

中国南方风化磷块岩中的风化磷矿的自然类型可分为两类七种型式，其中以“原位面型风化磷矿”和“位移溶洞砂砾磷矿”为主。风化磷矿是由其原矿的自身特性与外部适宜条件（水文地质条件为主导）综合作用的产物。根据碳酸盐、磷酸盐矿物分解、淋失程度可划分为弱风化、风化、强风化三个阶段。可用直接法、间接法和数学法３类共１３种方法加以判别     

Chlorine in phosphorites and bone phosphate from oceanic and marine deposits

The content, distribution patterns, and occurrence forms of Cl in phosphorites and bone phosphate from the ocean bottom, as well as in a set of samples from the land, are studied. The total Cl content ranges from 0.05 to 4.25% in phosphorites and from 2.48 to 2.75% in recent phosphate-bearing sediments. Recent phosphorites are enriched in Cl relative to ancient ones. The bound Cl content (not extractable by washing), which increases with lithification, ranges from 0.17 to 0.60% in oceanic and land phosphorites and from 0.02% to 1.30% in the bone phosphate. The Na content in most samples is higher relative to NaCl due to its incorporation into the crystal lattice of apatite. However, the opposite relationship is observed in some samples, indicating a partial Cl incorporation into the anion complex of phosphate. The behavior of Cl in phosphorites from the present-day ocean bottom is controlled by early diagenetic processes, whereas the role of weathering, catagenesis, and hydrogeological factors may be crucial for phosphorites on continents.Translated from Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, No. 1, 2005, pp. 65–77.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Baturin.     

Quaternary phosphorites off the southeast coast of India

Detailed petrological, mineralogical, geochemical and radiogenic (U, Sr, Nd) and stable isotope (C, O, S) studies have been carried out on the Quaternary phosphorites of the continental margin off Chennai, southeast coast of India. These phosphorites are formed as a result of trapping and binding of sediments by microbial mats and are similar to phosphate stratiform stromatolites. Detrital and biogenic constituents enclosed in the phosphorites controlled the major and minor element composition. Except for Sr and U, the concentrations of most of the trace metals are lower than those in average shale and phosphorite. Middle rare earth element (MREE)-enriched patterns are the characteristic feature. The U–Th dating method indicates that the ages of the phosphorites are beyond 300,000 years. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the phosphorites are higher than that of present-day seawater and εNd values are more negative than those of seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon isotope ratios are within the range expected for the oxic/suboxic zone but sulfur isotope ratios indicate suboxic conditions during phosphorite formation. These results imply that the benthic microbial mats thrived on the shallow shelf during the Quaternary low sea level conditions. Periodic or episodic sedimentation onto the mats led to their death. The bacteria associated with decaying microbial mats utilised phosphorus supplied by continental sources and rapidly precipitated phosphate. The availability of a high percentage of phosphorus in seawater seems to be an important controlling factor for the formation of phosphate stromatolites. The composition of these phosphorites differs from the modern phosphorites in upwelling regions, but are similar to Cambrian apatite stromatolites. These phosphorites provide evidence that the replicates of ancient phosphate stromatolites do exist in the Quaternary.     

滇东下寒武统生物磷块岩的形成机制

显微结构研究表明,广泛分布于滇东地区下寒武统的磷块岩,除少量生物介壳磷块岩外,其它类型的磷块岩(包括菌藻生物磷块岩、内碎屑磷块岩和次生(风化)磷块岩等的颗粒均由磷质菌藻生物组成。从而揭示了菌藻生物磷块岩是磷块岩的基本类型。本文重点论述了生物磷块岩的结构成因分类、时空展布规律,以及滇东磷块岩的菌藻生物成磷—富磷作用,并探讨了菌藻生物磷块岩的形成机制。     

扬子区震旦系磷块岩的化学类型及其地质意义

经过对磷块岩化学成分分析，结合矿物分析资料，将磷块岩分成４种化学类型：富磷酸盐型、碳酸盐型、硅质型及富铝型，并探讨了它们的成因及其与沉积环境的关系。磷块岩的化学类型与稀土元素的含量有关，但与稀土元素的组成无关。轻重稀土元素的组成比值ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ＞１反映形成磷块岩的物源主要来自于陆源物。不同地区有相对稳定的轻重稀土比值。     

Scandium geochemistry of phosphorites, Guizhou, Southwest China

Geochemical characteristics of scandium are described with respect to its source,evolution and correlation with REE as observed in Late Sinian and Early Cambrian phosphorites and tuffs in Guizhou.Gomparison of chondrite-nomalized REE patterns and some other parameters between the phosphorite and tuff shows that scandium and REE are most likely to have been derived from earlier or contemporaneous marine volcanics or tuffs,with no indication of genetic link to the purple shales,silstones and dolomites in the area.The conditions under which the Sc-bearin phosphorites were formed are discussed in the light of sulfur isotopes and Eh-Ph constrains.     

Trace elements in supergene phosphorites

Supergene phosphorites were analyzed for Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Sc, Cr, Ag, and V, i.e., elements incorporated in carbonate-apatite by isomorphic substitution. The phosphorites were subdivided into four groups: (1) phosphorites related to the weathering of sedimentary rocks, (2) phosphorites related to the weathering of endogenous rocks, (3) lacustrine coprolite phosphorites, and (4) phosphorites of ocean islands. In all the phosphorites groups, Sr, Zn, and Ba were the most abundant of the trace elements, whereas Cd, Ag, and Sc showed the lowest concentrations. Variations in trace element contents between supergene phosphorites of different genetic groups or within a single group can be explained by the different compositions of weathered rocks and geochemical environments of supergene phosphorite formation. At the same time, the contents of some trace elements are correlated with the structural type of phosphorite. In particular, phosphorite crusts or only their outer parts show elevated contents of chalcophile elements (Cd, Zn, and Ag), whereas massive phosphorites and inner parts of crusts are often enriched in such lithophile elements as Sc, V, and Cr. It was found that Cd, Zn, Ag, Sr, and Ba are positively correlated with CO₂ but show negligible correlations with other constituents of carbonate-apatite.     

The presence of anomalous trace element levels in present day Jamaican soils and the geochemistry of Late-Miocene or Pliocene phosphorites

High levels of Cd and Zn in Jamaican soils observed in geochemical surveys are related to the presence of phosphorites of possible Late-Miocene or Pliocene age. The trace element and REE geochemistry of the phosphorites, together with SEM studies, indicate a guano origin for the phosphorites. No specific host minerals for Cd could be identified in the fossiliferous phosphorite which is characterized by uniquely high levels of Cd, Zn, Ag, Be, U and Y. However, in the soil Cd is present in lithiophorite and a complex history of pedological development is preserved in the aluminous–goethite present in the soil. The unique guano signature is preserved in the soil despite the fact that guanos themselves have either not been observed or have been destroyed by continuing karst and soil development. The phosphorite geochemical signature can be traced in the data of a 1988 island-wide soil geochemical survey, identifying areas where the Palaeo-environment that supported bird ‘rookeries’ existed in the Late-Miocene or Pliocene.     

沉积磷块岩结构类型、成因及成矿阶段

磷块岩的岩石类型和成矿阶段划分是磷块岩研究的一项基础性工作,早在50年代后期,叶连俊等人就对磷块岩及其分类进行过研究[1],随着沉积学的发展,尤其是近年来碳酸盐岩研究的进展,磷块岩岩石学研究也有了一些新的突破。磷块岩分类从矿体形态(层状、透镜状、结核状)、大地构造(地台型、地槽型)等分类走向了结构成因分类。在这方面,工作较多,较系统的有美国的S.R.Riggs和法国的M.S1ansky[9][10]。我国的孙枢、陈其英、赵东旭[2][3]及孟祥化[4]、周茂基[5]、东野[6]等人也先后对磷块岩的结构成因类型进行过研究。这些研究给磷块岩的分类奠定了一个很好的基础。     

Phosphate-rich sedimentary rocks: Significance for organic facies and petroleum exploration

Phosphorus-bearing rocks and sediments can be divided into two genetically distinct classes: phosphatic shales or limestones and phosphorites. Phosphatic shales are primary sediments in which phosphate nodules or micronodules have formed diagenetically by precipitation of calcium phosphates derived mainly from organic phosphorus. The nodules form in reducing environments at shallow depths within the sediments, where loss of phosphate by diffusion to the overlying water column is minimized. Highly biogenic sediments containing large amounts of organic matter and some fine clastic debris provide ideal environments for the formation of phosphate nodules.Phosphorites, in contrast, represent concentrated accumulations of reworked phosphate nodules which originated in phosphatic shales or limestones. Currents, wave action, recrystallization, and erosion and resedimentation are important mechanisms in the concentration process.Phosphatic shales and limestones may become excellent oil source rocks if thermal maturity is achieved. They are useful facies indicators for anoxic or nearly anoxic depositional environments, and are often associated with restricted basins, or, during certain geologic periods, with broad shelves developed during transgressions. Phosphorites, in contrast, are often correlated with sea-level regressions or uplifts. They are modest source rocks because of their low organic carbon contents and the fact that they were reworked under oxidizing conditions. Nevertheless, because phosphorites are derived from, and often grade into, phosphatic shales, they also are of potential utility in the search for oil source beds.