黔东北沿河大竹园萤石矿床成矿物质来源探讨:地球化学制约

黔东北沿河大竹园萤石矿赋存于下奥陶统桐梓组及红花园组碳酸盐岩内,受NW向断裂构造控制。该类萤石矿床在黔东北及渝东南一带广泛分布。本文对该萤石矿床的萤石单矿物及围岩进行了微量元素及稀土元素地球化学分析,结果显示萤石的微量元素仅Pb、Zn、Co、Ni等元素含量相对较高,Rb、Sr、Ta、Zr、Nb、V、Cr、U、Th、Hf等元素含量仅为地壳值的0.01~0.05倍。稀土元素含量很低(∑REE=2.35×10–6~4.80×10–6),相对富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=3.12~6.33),具有Eu正、负异常(δEu=0.59~1.59)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.80~0.96)。萤石与赋矿围岩具有相近的微量元素配分型式,均明显亏损Nb、Zr、Hf等元素,富集Ba、U、Sr等元素。萤石与赋矿碳酸盐岩都具有轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损,明显右倾的REE配分型式。综合分析认为该萤石矿的成矿物质Ca主要来源于碳酸盐岩围岩;而碳酸盐岩围岩的F元素含量很低,结合萤石的微量元素及δEu、δCe值特征,暗示形成萤石的成矿流体经过了深部演化,成矿物质F可能主要来自深部富F地层。     

江西全南县青龙山萤石矿稀土元素地球化学特征及成因分析

本文旨在对江西省全南县青龙山萤石矿床的地球化学特征及成因进行探讨,通过对青龙山萤石矿区矿石和围岩样品进行稀土元素分析,青龙山萤石矿矿石的∑REE平均含量为88.186×10^-6,δEu为0.23～0.61,δCe为0.78～0.91;围岩的∑REE平均含量为184.52×10^-6,δEu为0.31～0.69,δCe为0.85～1,萤石矿石和围岩的稀土元素配分模式具有相似性和同步性,呈轻稀土相对富集的右倾型,Eu中等亏损,Ce弱亏损。矿石与围岩的稀土地球化学研究显示,该萤石矿床至少存在两个成矿期次,为岩浆热液成矿,成矿环境为稳定的较还原条件,成矿流体温度在200℃左右。     

江西宁都坎田萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

赣南地区萤石资源丰富, 坎田萤石矿位于赣南地区的兴国—宁都萤石成矿带上, 矿体赋存于晚侏罗世黑云母花岗岩内。本文结合研究区的区域地质背景, 对江西宁都坎田萤石矿床的萤石及围岩进行了稀土元素地球化学特征研究, 以探讨坎田萤石矿床的成矿流体来源和矿床成因。其研究结果表明, 萤石的稀土元素总量为34.11×10–6~78.12×10–6, 属于轻稀土富集型, 稀土元素配分曲线形态基本一致; 围岩的稀土元素总量为94.14×10–6~175.72×10–6, 其配分模式与萤石具有相似同步性, 且萤石与围岩具有相近的Sm/Nd比值, 均表明萤石的成矿流体来源与围岩密切相关。结合前人在赣南地区对萤石气液包裹体进行氢氧同位素特征的研究, 认为成矿流体主要来源于大气降水, 成矿物质Ca和F元素主要来自于大气降水对燕山早期的黑云母花岗岩的淋滤和萃取。通过研究区的地质背景、萤石的强烈负Eu异常特征以及Tb/Ca-Tb/La关系图, 认为研究区萤石矿属于还原环境下的中低温热液充填型萤石矿床。     

甘肃北山南金山金矿床矿床成因研究

南金山金矿床产于北山岛弧构造带内海相火山碎屑岩之中。矿床的岩矿石微量元素组合为Ba、La、Ce、Sr、Nd、Sm、Zr、Hf、Y等不相容元素,各类岩石样品的分布曲线非常相似,都具有明显的Pb正异常,表明有较多的地壳物质的加入,并有明显的La,Ce,Ti负异常。稀土总量∑REE(不包括叶蜡石)变化范围为(9.91~221.86)×10-6,其配分形式均为明显右倾曲线,轻、重稀土分馏,轻稀土相对富集而重稀土相对亏损。稀土总量较高,说明矿区内稀土元素在随岩浆迁移的过程中,上升到地壳时有一定的损失。矿物流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度、压力、气相成分等特征研究表明,南金山金矿床成矿流体以中低温,中低盐度,且有大量大气降水加入为特征,为典型的浅成中低温热液矿床。     

内蒙古上库力地区萤石矿稀土元素地球化学特征及成因探讨

通过对上库力地区萤石矿石微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征研究,表明该地区萤石矿的微量元素表现为亏损Ti、Zr、Nb、Th,富集U、Sr、Sm,一定程度上反应了萤石矿床形成过程中源区的相似性。萤石矿的稀土元素地球化学配分模式分为轻稀土富集型及轻稀土亏损型,二者含量萤石的稀土元素总量差别较为明显,且与围岩分配模式大体一致。Eu既有正异常也有负异常,反映成矿流体既有氧化环境又有还原环境;Ce表现为弱的负异常,一定程度上反应该地区萤石成矿流体演化的一致性。综合分析研究表明,上库力地区萤石矿成因类型为为中低温热液充填型矿床,成矿物质来源为同源。     

西藏那茶淌北铅锌矿床矽卡岩地球化学特征及其成因

那茶淌北铅锌矿床位于西藏冈底斯成矿带东段北部,主要由矽卡岩铅锌矿体组成,是一个典型的矽卡岩型矿床。笔者通过对矿床内的矽卡岩、大理岩(灰岩)、黑云母花岗岩的地球化学对比分析表明:在主量元素方面,显示Si、Al、Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca、Mn等元素在矽卡岩、大理岩、黑云母花岗岩之间发生明显的交换;在稀土元素方面,矽卡岩、大理岩和黑云母花岗岩均具有LREE富集,HREE亏损,并且发育Eu和Ce负异常和相似的REE配分模式,说明矽卡岩的成因与大理岩、黑云母花岗岩具有一定关系。结合三种不同岩性的地球化学特征,强烈的轻、重稀土分异,Eu、Ce负异常,推测矽卡岩由中高温还原热液交代碳酸盐而成,矽卡岩成岩过程中可能有少量海水加入。     

滇西小龙河锡矿床、来利山锡矿床萤石、方解石微量元素地球化学特征

为研究滇西小龙河锡矿床和来利山锡矿床的成矿流体演化特征和矿床成因,采用等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)对2个矿床中的脉石矿物萤石和方解石进行了微量元素和稀土元素分析测试。结果表明,小龙河矿床萤石的稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为12.86×10-6~2275.96×10-6,具有弱的负Ce异常和强的负Eu异常,相对富集Rb、Th、U、Pr、Nd和Sm等元素。来利山矿床方解石的ΣREE值低,为3.18×10-6~29.16×10-6,具有弱的负Ce异常,相对富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr和Eu等元素。2个矿床的Y/HoLa/Ho图解和Tb/Ca-Tb/La图解指示萤石和方解石均为热液成因。小龙河矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液,随着成矿流体的演化,后期明显带有沉积地层物质加入,而来利山矿床成矿物质主要来源于围岩地层。     

内蒙古林西萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

内蒙古林西县萤石矿产资源丰富,已知萤石矿床（点）68处。萤石矿床产出于中生界火山-沉积岩地层中,矿体主要受近 SN 向或 NNE 向断裂破碎带控制。为了研究水头地区萤石矿床的成矿流体来源和成矿机理,文章对矿床稀土元素进行了分析。结果表明萤石和方解石的稀土元素总量（∑REE）为4.37-159μg/g, LREE/HREE比值为0.24-1.80,δEu =0.57-1.60,具弱Ce负异常（0.81-0.98）特征, Y/Ho比值为21-78,平均41。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,∑REE值及LREE/HREE比值均逐渐减小,晚阶段萤石具有重新活化、重结晶的特征。结合赋矿地层及矿区外围花岗岩体REE特征分析,认为其成矿流体迁移距离较远,稀土元素和成矿元素可能来自下伏高F地体和含Ca赋矿火山-沉积地层,为热液成因-破碎带充填交代型萤石矿床。     

赣南隆坪萤石矿床成矿时代及成因初探:来自萤石Sm-Nd测年及黑云母电子探针的证据

隆坪萤石矿床是赣南已探明的大型单一萤石矿床,矿体产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。文章首次 采用Sm-Nd等时线法对隆坪萤石矿进行测年和稀土元素分析,并对永丰复式岩体中黑云母矿物成分进行了系统的测试;获 得了隆坪萤石矿的成矿年龄为158±3 Ma,与永丰复式岩体的成岩时代基本一致,表明该矿床萤石成矿作用与晚侏罗世岩浆 活动关系密切。隆坪萤石矿中萤石轻稀土元素略富集,重稀土相对平坦,具微弱Ce正异常（δCe=1.08~1.11,平均1.09） 和 微弱Eu负异常（δEu=0.91~0.98,平均0.95）,指示了萤石矿床的成矿流体经历了相对较高的温度。黑云母电子探针分析结 果证实永丰复式岩体形成于相对高温、低压和高氧逸度的环境,岩浆起源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,岩浆结晶分异晚阶 段岩浆期后热液富含F等挥发分。隆坪萤石矿床形成于晚侏罗世,成因类型为岩浆期后热液充填型。     

赣南隆坪萤石矿床成矿时代及成因初探：来自萤石Sm-Nd测年及黑云母电子探针的证据

隆坪萤石矿床是赣南已探明的大型单一萤石矿床，矿体产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。文章首次 采用Sm-Nd等时线法对隆坪萤石矿进行测年和稀土元素分析，并对永丰复式岩体中黑云母矿物成分进行了系统的测试；获 得了隆坪萤石矿的成矿年龄为158±3 Ma，与永丰复式岩体的成岩时代基本一致，表明该矿床萤石成矿作用与晚侏罗世岩浆 活动关系密切。隆坪萤石矿中萤石轻稀土元素略富集，重稀土相对平坦，具微弱Ce正异常（δCe=1.08~1.11，平均1.09） 和 微弱Eu负异常（δEu=0.91~0.98，平均0.95），指示了萤石矿床的成矿流体经历了相对较高的温度。黑云母电子探针分析结 果证实永丰复式岩体形成于相对高温、低压和高氧逸度的环境，岩浆起源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融，岩浆结晶分异晚阶 段岩浆期后热液富含F等挥发分。隆坪萤石矿床形成于晚侏罗世，成因类型为岩浆期后热液充填型。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861