多路气压检定系统的设计与实现

该文针对气象用的PTB220、PTB330气压传感器检定效率低,检定中存在人工误差等现状,研发了多路气压检定系统。系统采用具有8个RS-232/422/485的三合一串口的MOXA-Nport5650-8-DTL型号串口服务器,实现了8个气压传感器的同步检定和数据处理,提高了气压检定的工作效率,排除人工检定带来的误差。     

DYC1型数字气压传感器检定结果的不确定度分析

测量不确定度是表示测量结果可信度的参数。DYC1型气压传感器是DZZ4新型气象自动站中采集大气压力的数字型压力传感器,在常年的使用过程中存在零点漂移,根据JJG(气象)001—2015《自动气象站气压传感器检定规程》,使用3MS(Meteorology Metrology Management System)省级气象计量检定业务系统,以DYC1型气压传感器为分析对象,通过被测量数学模型,对其检定结果进行不确定度评估,通过实验分析得出DYC1型数字气压传感器检定结果的扩展不确定度为0.102h Pa,对其他类型传感器的检定结果不确定度评定有指导意义。     

气压传感器检定装置对比实验与分析

合理选取PTB22O气压传感器的检定装置对提高校准质量、节约校准成本具有重要意义。文中基于本单位现有的4台气压检定装置,通过大量的对比实验,分析了不同装置对PTB22O气压传感器校准质量的差异,结果表明:370数字气压计/压力调节器、CPC6000系列自动压力控制/校准仪、省级气压自动检定系统、QYJD-1C气压仪器检定装置都具有较高的性价比,适合作为PTB22O气压传感器的检定装置。具体来说370数字气压计/压力调节器、CPC6000系列自动压力控制/校准仪,适合PTB22O气压传感器的现场校准工作,但省级气压自动检定系统、QYJD-1C气压仪器检定装置更适合完成室内检定与校准。     

气温与风速对气压传感器现场校准的影响

为确保各要素观测数据的准确、可靠并具有可比性,须定期开展自动气象站校准。自动气象站现场校准不同于实验室的检定检测,受客观条件的影响,校准结果具有明显的不确定性,气压要素表现尤为明显。为了保证量值传递准确可靠,减小这种不确定性对校准结果造成的误判,对气压现场校准提出了改进方法。基于2012—2014年"移动气象计量检定校准核查技术集成"项目的实验资料,采用实验室检定和现场校准气压传感器对比的方法,找出现场校准中影响气压值变化的因素。结果表明:实验室检定合格的气压传感器在现场再次进行校准中有12.5%不合格。经研究试验,这种结果是由于现场校准时的环境因素影响造成,其主要影响因素为气温和风速。选择适当的校准时间,即避开最高气温和最低气温出现时段及外界风速不大于5 m/s时进行气压现场校准,能较好地减少气压传感器的测量误差,提高气压测量数据的准确性。     

电源及负载电阻对PTB220型气压传感器检定结果的影响

为保证检定结果的准确可靠,对多台自动气象站用PTB220型气压传感器进行了供电电压及负载电阻的试验。试验结果表明:在12~30V的范围内,随着供电电压的提高,PTB220型气压传感器模拟量输出测量误差存在着逐渐变大的现象,这种变化最大达到了-0.28hPa;而数字量输出则不存在这一问题;当负载电阻在10~500kΩ之间变化时,PTB220型气压传感器的模拟量输出测量误差在测量范围下限附近呈现出随着负载电阻的增加而逐渐增大的现象。基于这一发现,对PTB220型气压传感器检定方法的完善提出了针对性建议。     

DYJ1型气压计常压定域检定方法

目前,DYJ1型气压计的检定方法是按照“空盒气压计”检定规程规定方法进行的,这在检定范围内使用,其仪器精度可以保证。但是,在改变使用范围以后,其误差不能和检定范围的误差一致。本文是讨论 DYJ1型气压计的常压定域检定方法,即在汁量检定所以平均气压为中值,在90mb 气压范围内(以下简称常压区     

气压传感器校准过程中的高度差修正

为解决气压标准器与被检传感器不在同水平高度而引起的示值误差，对PTB330型气压传感器的校准结果进行高度差修正。依据《数字式气压计检定规程》(JJG1084-2013)数字式气压计检定规程的要求，选取100只全新PTB330型传感器进行静态测试，对比高度差修正前、高度差修正后及同水平高度条件下的测试数据。结果表明：(1)高度差修正后的测试数据与同水平高度的测试数据高度相关；(2)高度差修正后的测试数据离散程度由0.022降低至0.007,示值误差波动度减小。     

自动气象站气压传感器现场校准方法

为保证自动气象站现场校准气压传感器具有可比性,了解气压标准器的温度特性,在常压下模拟不同环境温度对气压标准器进行了实验.利用2005～2007年山东省现场校准资料,采用对比方法分析了气压校准误差的变化趋势.结果表明:无论温度的升高或降低,气压标准器的显示数值都有增大的趋势,从而产生0.10～0.28 hPa的附加误差,造成对气压传感器计量性能的误判.研究新的校准方法,减小或消除附加误差对气压校准结果的影响.在实际运用中切实可行.     

PTB220型气压传感器调整方法

1概述目前内蒙古自动站气压传感器使用的输出方式有两种：RS232串行输出和模拟电压输出。当对气压传感器进行检定后,如果发现各检定点测量误差的总平均大于±0.3 hPa,则需要进行调整。     

气压灵敏度检查时误差的形成及影响

1　误差的形成　　气压灵敏度检查时,检查点为地面点、250hPa、小于或等于20hPa点,三点变量的平均值为记录整理的订正值,探空仪讯号取过渡讯号。1.1　地面点如地面气压为933hPa,探空讯号发28,抽气使气压降低,当探空讯号变为29时,应立刻读取气压929hPa,过渡讯号为28.5,用929hPa在检定证上查取检定符号为29.8,这时地面点变量为28.8-28.5=0.3(这是正确变量);但如果在探空讯号变为29时没有及时读取气压值,而是在气压降至927时才读取气压值,此时的探空仪讯号未变仍是29,用927百帕查取检定符号为29.2,变量为29.2～28.5=0.7(误差变量)。1.2　250h…     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.