楼板开角缝实现RC框架“强柱弱梁”效果的有限元分析

利用有限元软件ADINA对一栋6层现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构的梁柱节点做了拟静力分析与地震动力反应分析,并对普通梁柱节点与周围楼板设角缝节点的结果对比。分析计算结果表明,对于普通梁柱节点,在梁柱节点处采用开角缝的措施之后,梁受力主筋屈服明显提前,柱混凝土裂缝明显减少,梁、柱塑性铰出现时间间隔增加。首层柱柱脚处塑性铰的出现延后,更加接近总体机制破坏。     

钢筋混凝土框架柱轴压比限值问题研究

针对目前高层钢筋混凝土结构抗震设计遇到的突出问题之一－框架柱轴压比超限现象,结合以往试验现象分析和对规范背影资料的研究,对框架柱轴压比限值的研究进行了综合与分析,并对进一步的研究工作提出了一些新的建议。     

考虑轴压比影响的预应力混凝土扁梁框架内节点抗震性能试验研究

通过3个不同轴压比的预应力混凝土扁梁框架内节点试件的低周反复荷载加载试验,对节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、延性、耗能能力以及刚度退化等抗震性能进行了初步研究,并着重探讨了轴压比对预应力混凝土扁梁框架内节点抗震性能的影响规律.     

轴压比对中等高度LC结构剪力墙抗震性能的影响

轻骨料混凝土(L ight-we ight concrete,简称LC)剪力墙的轴压比是剪力墙抗震设计时一个重要的控制因素,直接关系到其延性性能。为使设计规程具有足够的理论依据,本文通过对六榀轻骨料混凝土剪力墙试件的试验,研究了在低周反复荷载作用下,着重考虑不同轴压比对中等高度有边框剪力墙的破坏形态和变形性能的影响效应,对其滞回特性进行分析,计算了各剪力墙的刚度退化率与延性系数,并将无竖缝剪力墙与带竖缝剪力墙的抗震性能进行了对比。     

框架结构“强梁弱柱”问题研究

分析了"汶川地震"中钢筋混凝土框架结构的主要震害,着重研究了"强梁弱柱"这一破坏现象,并对比分析了现行抗震规范及其报批稿中关于"强柱弱梁"的设计条款,结合某框架结构教学楼,分析其在两本规范不同设计条款下的承载力,以及由此带来的经济性方面的影响。结果表明:填充墙等非结构构件的影响、楼板对框架梁承载力和刚度的增大作用以及柱轴压比偏小是结构破坏的主要原因。规范报批稿调整了柱端弯矩和剪力增大系数,较大地提高了柱的承载能力,其中抗弯承载力增加10.8%~33.1%,尤其顶层框架柱的承载力较现行规范增加33%之多,但柱的抗剪承载力提高较低,增加11.1%~19.3%。依据送审稿设计的结构,柱的钢筋用量增加64.1%,整个费用增加低于19.9%,基本在我国经济发展水平之内。     

现浇楼板对框架梁受力影响的研究

为了寻找现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构在实际震害中出现的与“强柱弱梁”设计准则相悖的“强梁弱柱”破坏现象产生的原因．并深入研究现浇楼板对框架梁实际承载力产生“超强”影响的方式,采用ABAQUS对钢筋混凝土带楼板框架和空框架结构进行了侧向力作用下的非线性有限元模拟。通过对比塑性铰出现顺序、钢筋的应力应变变化、框架梁端曲率变化和考察带楼板框架中楼板钢筋的应力变化情况。提出楼板有效翼缘宽度的取值应考虑横向梁刚度和侧向位移等因素的影响。     

不同轴压比下内藏钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙抗震研究

轴压比是影响剪力墙抗震性能的一个主要因素,直接决定其延性性能。本文对两组共六个高剪力墙1/3缩尺的试件模型进行了不同轴压比下的低周反复荷载试验,研究了轴压比对内藏钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能的影响,对比了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性及破坏特征。试验表明:随着轴压比的提高其试件的承载力提高但延性下降;不同轴压比下内藏钢桁架混凝土组合剪力墙均能明显提高钢筋混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能。     

CFRP约束预压混凝土棱柱的轴压试验研究

通过42个混凝土棱柱体的轴压试验,研究了混凝土、CFRP约束混凝土和CFRP约束预压混凝土3种情况的棱柱体试件在轴压力作用下的应力-应变关系,与此同时还得出了混凝土方柱在预压后用CFRP加固再受荷时,试件的峰值应力随预加轴压比的增加的变化规律,并给出了考虑预加轴压比影响的峰值应力的计算公式,为在役混凝土结构构件的加固设计提供试验依据.     

钢筋混凝土不等肢异形柱轴压比限值的研究

采用非线性全过程数值仿真算法确定不等肢T型、L型、十字型柱截面曲率延性比。再根据异形柱框架结构受地震作用时应具有的柱截面曲率延性水准确定不等肢T形、L形、十字形柱轴压比限值,为不等肢异形柱设计提供了必须的依据。     

周期反复荷载作用下高轴压比框架柱抗震性能的试验研究

本文是关于框架柱在低周反复荷载作用下抗震性能的试验研究。根据16个“上”形试件在固定轴向荷载和水平周期反复荷载作用下的试验结果,首先讨论了影响框架柱开裂荷载的因素,接着深入分析了混凝土强度等级、轴压比、长细比、纵筋配筋率、箍筋形式及配箍特征值等因素对框架柱的延性和位移转角的影响。最后,根据本次试验结果,分析和讨论了框架柱轴压比超限问题和轴压比超限时配箍特征值的取值问题。     

不同轴压比钢筋混凝土圆柱桥墩地震易损性分析

以墩顶漂移率为指标运用ABAQUS有限元软件对钢筋混凝土桥墩进行地震易损性分析。对钢筋混凝土桥墩模型进行精细网格划分,运用循环往复Pushover方法模拟钢筋混凝土桥墩破坏界限值,以此界限值为标准对轴压比为0.20、0.22、0.24、0.26和0.30钢筋混凝土桥墩进行增量动力分析（IDA）。研究结果表明:结构的破坏超越概率,随着轴压比的增大而增大;考虑钢筋混凝土桥墩延性抗震性能,设计轴压比不宜超过0.30;轴压比为0.24~0.26时,钢筋混凝土桥墩破坏概率增加不大,宜为合理的轴压比。     

Simulation of damage in RC frames with variable axial forces

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the methods and concepts of continuum damage and fracture mechanics can be applied to the modelling of the hysteretic behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame members under variable axial loads. A frame member is considered as the assemblage of an elastic beam-column and two inelastic hinges, as in conventional nonlinear analysis of RC frames. As a result of the combination of damage mechanics and standard RC theory, a simplified model of damage is proposed and implemented as a finite element (FE). This new element can be used with any non-linear commercial FE program. The numerical simulation of several experiments, for which data were available in the literature, verifies the accuracy of the model. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土带暗柱等肢T形柱轴压比限值调整系数的研究

若干研究已表明设置暗柱能有效提高T形柱的延性,但迄今为止带暗柱T形柱轴压比限值的研究尚为空白,这影响了带暗柱T形柱的工程应用。文中采用非线性全过程数值计算方法,计算了不同肢长、不同抗震等级下带暗柱与不带暗柱钢筋混凝土等肢T形柱在不同纵向受力钢筋配筋率和不同体积配箍率时的截面曲率延性比;根据《混凝土异形柱结构技术规程》(JGJ149-2006)给出的各抗震等级下对异形柱截面曲率延性比的要求,确定了带暗柱与不带暗柱的等肢T形柱的轴压比限值,进而求出两者同一肢长下轴压比限值的比值;最后通过回归分析得到了带暗柱等肢T形柱轴压比限值的调整系数公式。利用此公式并根据《规程》JGJ149-2006中规定的不带暗柱T形柱的轴压比限值即可求出带暗柱等肢T形柱的轴压比限值。     

计算模型对框架结构梁柱内力影响研究

结构抗震设计的基本原则之一是保证"强柱弱梁",但汶川地震等大量实际震害表明这一抗震设计目标并未能很好地实现。针对此问题,已开展大量研究,探讨了楼板、填充墙以及梁、柱、板配筋等因素对形成"强梁弱柱"的影响。本文则从计算模型方面,即结构分析中广泛采用的模型、精细有限元模型和楼板与梁分别考虑的模型,对梁柱内力影响进行了对比研究。结果表明,计算模型对梁、柱弯矩比有较大影响,是形成"强梁弱柱"的重要影响因素。     

不同轴压比RCS梁柱组合件恢复力模型研究

以6个1/2模型RCS梁柱节点拟静力试验为基础,研究不同轴压比下RCS组合件的滞回性能。试验结果表明:梁铰破坏时试件的滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力优于构造破坏;随着轴压比的增大,试件滞回环愈加丰满,初始刚度有所增加,承载力有所增大;随着加载位移的增加,刚度退化速率变慢,且梁铰破坏时随着轴压比增大,刚度退化速率变大。基于试验结果和现有恢复力模型理论,建立的三折线骨架曲线模型与实际试验骨架曲线具有较高的吻合度,能较好的反映轴压比对其滞回特性的影响,可为该RCS梁柱组合件的弹塑性分析及工程应用提供参考。     

RC框架节点核芯区剪切破坏——抗震性能试验

通过2个梁端屈服后节点核芯区剪切破坏框架节点在低周反复荷载下的加载试验,研究了节点的破坏形态、承载能力、滞回特性和耗能能力.结果表明:节点经历了核芯区开裂、梁端屈服、核芯区通裂、剪切极限直至破坏的过程;在极限荷载时,节点核芯区剪切变形引起的梁端位移占梁端总位移的比例约30%;构件具有较强的耗能能力和变形能力,具有良好的抗震性能.     

Ductility damage indices based on seismic performance of RC frames

This paper presents an analytical procedure for determining ductility damage indices using static collapse mechanism analysis for ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames subjected to prescribed drift limits corresponding to different seismic performance levels. This assessment benefits from performance-based seismic design (PBSD) concept that employs rotation ductility factors, pre-defined target damage indices and beam sidesway mechanism as key performance objectives to estimate curvature ductility demands at pre-designated plastic hinges of beam sidesway mechanism. The proposed ductility-based damage indices (DBDI) assessment procedure considers regular frames with secondary effects such as P-Delta and soil–structure interaction (SSI) within a simple non-iterative process suitable for practical applications. A 12-story RC moment frame was chosen to implement the proposed procedure considering P-Delta effect. Pushover analysis using SAP 2000 was carried out for the frame to verify the results of the DBDI method. The results show that the DBDI seismic assessment procedure can be used to quantify the damage potential at different performance levels and relate that to local flexural ductility of critical frame members. The research presented in this paper provides a simple yet conservative damage assessment tool for use by practicing engineers.     

钢筋混凝土框架柱双向受剪承载力分析

本文分析了矩形截面钢筋混凝土框架柱斜向抗剪强度的特征，研究了双向受剪承载力计算时确定折减系数的方法和截面限制条件，对双向受剪承载力计算值与静载和动载试验结果的分析表明，双向受剪承载力计算公式和截面限制条件对于矩形截面钢筋混凝土框架柱设计是偏于安全的，可以作为钢筋混凝土框架柱抗震设计的参考。     

Fragility functions and floor spectra of RC masonry infilled frames: influence of mechanical properties of masonry infills

A wide number of experimental studies conducted in latest years pointed out the high influence of the mechanical properties of masonry units and mortar bed joints on lateral strength and stiffness of masonry panels. This feature significantly modifies the global response of infilled frames under seismic actions as well as the local interaction phenomena. Despite a wide investigation on the influence of the infills on global behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) frames has already been provided, different features characterizing the seismic performances of buildings suggest the need of accurately evaluating local interaction phenomena as well as the influence of the panel on specific and relevant aspects, as the accelerations transferred to non-structural components. This study provides a parametrical analysis of the influence of shear strength and elastic modulus of masonry infills on the seismic behaviour of RC frames originally designed for gravity loads. Regular buildings with different height were analysed using the Incremental Dynamic Analysis in order to provide fragility curves, investigate on the collapse mechanisms and define the floor spectra depending on the properties of the infills. Results obtained pointed out the high influence of the considered parameters on the fragility of existing RC frames, often characterized by inadequate transversal reinforcement of columns, which may lead to brittle failure due to the interaction with the infills. Floor response spectra are also significantly affected by the influence of masonry infills both in terms of shape and maximum spectral accelerations. Lastly, on the basis of the observed failure mechanisms, a parameter defining the ductility of the frames depending on the properties of the infills was also provided (Capacity Design Factor). The correlation between the mechanical properties of the infills and this parameter suggests its reliability in the simplified vulnerability analysis of existing buildings as well as for the design of new buildings.