湖南前寒武系金矿特征及成矿规律

湖南前寒武系金矿主要分布于湘西NE-NEE向雪峰弧形构造带、湘东北NE向幕阜山-九岭隆起构造带和湘中E-W向构造-岩浆岩带按其控矿构造和载矿岩石类型,可划分为石英脉型和破碎带蚀变岩型两个主要类型文章在对不同类型金矿地质特征进行述评的基础上,归纳了研究区内金矿成矿控制因素与成矿规律,指出:区内地层、岩浆岩、矿产分布严格受到深断裂控制,矿床的成矿具有显著的层控效应,沿倾斜发育较深与侧伏成矿和柱状富集规律,以及垂直分带现象,这对于找矿实践具有十分重要的意义.矿床成因类型主要为变质热液型,部分矿床受岩浆热(动)力作用或后期叠加成矿作用影响使其富化.此外,尚可能存在斑岩型或含金斑岩型矿床.文章提出湖南前寒武系金矿主要找矿类型为破碎带蚀变岩型,次为石英脉型,同时还应对含金斑岩或斑岩型金矿作深层次的找矿研究.     

黑龙江嘉荫-萝北地区金矿构造控矿特征分析

黑龙江嘉荫-萝北成矿带是我国比较重要的金成矿带，该成矿带上分布有团结沟特大型斑岩型金矿以及杜家河等中、小型金矿床(点)和矿化点，其中绝大部分严格受控于近sN和sN向的乌拉嘎-嘉荫河深断裂带和保兴-四方山林场断裂带。利用应力理论对控矿构造性质进行了分析，发现斑岩型金矿矿体主要产于不同方向断裂的交汇区，而破碎带蚀变岩石英脉型金矿矿体则平行于主断裂呈雁行状排列或密集平行斜列。对矿床产出地质背景的分析认为柳树河花岗岩体、团结沟南部斜长花岗斑岩体、葡萄沟和长脖山花岗斑岩体的接触带为寻找斑岩型金矿的首选靶区．而朝阳沟、中兴沟、德胜沟、横道河子和杜家河上游为寻找破碎带蚀变岩石英脉型金矿的首选靶区。     

滇西—滇西北斑岩型金矿床成矿地质特征及控矿条件研究

斑岩型金矿是云南重要的金矿类型。将与富碱斑岩有关的金矿床从斑岩类型角度划分为四种类型：与二长斑岩有关的构造破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床；与正长斑岩有关的岩体接触构造带脉状金矿床；与正长(粗面)斑岩有关的构造破碎带型金矿床；与花岗斑岩有关的石英-多金属硫化物金矿床。同时从不同类型斑岩、成矿构造和地球化学条件等多角度阐述了斑岩型金矿床形成的条件，认为本区斑岩型金矿床具有多类型、多成因与成矿作用多期次的特点。     

黔东南地区金矿控矿构造的空间关系分析

黔东南地区金矿的构造控矿特征明显,所有金矿几乎都分布在背斜构造上,控制金矿产出的构造主要有受顺层滑动和切层破裂构造控制的石英脉、断层破碎带和剪切带等三种类型,以剪切带和顺层破裂构造控制的石英脉对成矿最为有利。这些控矿构造与褶皱作用关系密切,有的控制了褶皱的演化,有的为褶皱过程中形成的的次级构造。笔者在系统研究区内金矿控矿构造特征的基础上,分析了各类控矿构造与褶皱的空间关系,建立了金矿控矿构造的空间关系模式。     

云南金平长安金矿床地质特征及成矿规律

长安金矿是近年来在哀牢山金矿带发现的另一种独特类型的金矿床。通过对前人研究成果和新获得的深边部勘查资料的综合研究,认为长安金矿主矿体呈似层状、透镜状,向NE陡倾产于NNW向的F6断层破碎带东亚带砂泥质构造岩中,矿体走向及倾向上具有膨大缩小、舒缓波状变化特征;F6断裂为最主要的控矿构造;断层破碎带东亚带中砂泥质碎裂岩、角砾岩金矿化较强,西亚带白云质构造岩金矿化微弱;喜山期辉绿岩、煌斑岩、正长斑岩、细晶正长岩等岩浆侵入活动与金成矿关系较为密切,提供了重要成矿流体。砂泥质碎裂岩、角砾岩和侵入岩脉与围岩接触带、断裂交汇处对金成矿有利,受硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化等多种蚀变叠加的部位,易形成工业金矿体。     

萨瓦亚尔顿穆龙套型金矿床构造控矿特征

穆龙套型金矿床已成为当今最重要的金矿类型之一;新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床是我国首例穆龙套型金矿床。研究表明,矿床受一套浊积岩系控制外,构造控矿特征明显;矿带(体)严格沿断裂破碎带产出,并且控矿构造基本格局及其时空演变特征,还相应决定着各矿(化)带的空间展布格局与多阶段矿化组合特征、矿化强度规模等方面的差异性递变规律。     

云南北衙金矿构造地球化学成矿预测标志

北衙金矿位于扬子地台西缘,西临“三江”褶皱带。是金沙江-哀牢山喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩成矿带中一个典型的金多金属矿床。矿区包括笔架山、万硐山、红泥塘3个矿段。矿床在成因和空间上与正长斑岩、石英正长斑岩、煌斑岩、隐爆角砾岩等密切相关,矿体主要受断裂(破碎)带、岩体接触带等构造控制,近东西向和近南北向构造是矿区主要的控岩控矿构造,含矿地层主要是中三叠统北衙组灰岩。在次生作用条件下,形成“红土型”金矿体。     

滇西北北衙斑岩型金多金属矿田构造体系及其控矿作用

北衙斑岩型金多金属矿床是西南"三江"多金属成矿带新生代斑岩型矿床的典型代表,是滇西北新生代构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物。北衙金多金属矿田构造发育,构成一套褶皱-断裂-节理控岩控矿构造系统,控制和形成了"五位一体"矿床类型组成两大成矿系统:Ⅰ斑岩成矿系统,(1)受斑岩体内断裂、节理裂隙及爆破角砾岩筒控制的斑岩型Cu-Au-(Fe)矿床,(2)受斑岩与围岩接触带构造控制的夕卡岩型Au-Fe-(Cu)矿床,(3)受围岩层间断裂破碎带、断裂、节理裂隙控制的热液脉型Au-Fe矿床,(4)沿北衙组灰岩与青天堡组砂泥岩界面及北衙组层间断裂破碎带产出的中低温热液型Pb多金属矿床;Ⅱ氧化淋滤成矿系统,(5)受岩溶洞穴和不整合面控制的氧化淋滤富集型Au矿床。通过构造形迹的几何学、运动学分析和力学性质鉴定,笔者认为该矿田自燕山晚期—喜马拉雅早期印度-欧亚板块碰撞以来主要经历了四期构造活动,其主压应力分别经历了近EW向→近SN向→NW向→近EW向的转变过程,依次形成了南北构造带、东西构造带和北东构造带,分别归属于三江—滇中经向构造体系金沙江—程海南北构造带、云南纬向构造体系汤丹—鹤庆—兰坪东西构造带和丽江北东构造带。笔者认为,早南北构造带构成矿田控岩控矿构造格架,东西构造带是控制与喜马拉雅中期富碱斑岩有关的斑岩成矿系统的主导性构造体系,晚南北构造带既对先前形成的金多金属矿体产生破坏或(和)改造富集,又是控制喜马拉雅晚期氧化淋滤成矿系统的主导性构造体系。     

豫西金矿地质特征与构造控矿探讨

豫西地区是国家重点金多金属成矿区带,成矿地质条件优越,区内金及多金属矿类型多样。通过对研究区地质特征及成矿地质条件的分析,得出区内金及多金属矿矿床形成受多重因素控制,包括地层、构造以及岩浆岩因素,并且在这些因素中,构造控矿占主导。在此基础上,将研究区内金矿矿床类型分为构造蚀变岩型金矿床、构造破碎带型金矿床、斑岩型金矿床以及爆破角砾岩筒型金矿床4种类型,并对每一种类型选取1个典型的矿床进行具体讲述。依据对研究区成矿地质特征以及5种构造控矿类型的叙述,论述了拆离-变质核杂岩构造对金矿成矿的构造控矿作用和构造控矿规律,并根据该区金矿矿床成矿规律,提出选取找矿靶区的8项依据,最后优选出7处找矿有利靶区。     

广西昭平湾岛金矿矿床类型、成矿时代及其地质意义

广西湾岛金矿位于钦杭成矿带西南端大瑶山凸起内部的古袍金矿田西部。金矿体主要以石英大脉的形式产于花岗斑岩体与寒武系砂岩和板岩中。根据矿体走向平行于近东西向断裂而不是环绕岩浆岩呈面(环)状分布,矿石构造为大脉状而不是网脉状,确定湾岛金矿不是斑岩型金矿而是石英脉型金矿,与古袍、桃花金矿属于同一矿床类型。此外,在花岗斑岩体和接触带附近还新发现了较多的辉钼矿-白钨矿石英脉,并明显被含金硫化物石英脉切割,暗示存在两次不同期次的矿化作用。锆石LA-ICP-MS测年表明花岗斑岩年龄为(436.1±2.1)~(436.4±2.4)Ma;辉钼矿Re-Os测年表明白钨矿-辉钼矿石英脉年龄为(436.6±3.8)Ma。结合前人获得同一成矿带桃花金矿测年结果(148±10)Ma,初步认为湾岛金矿花岗斑岩为加里东期,金矿化推测为燕山期,而矿区内钨钼矿化与花岗斑岩有关,金矿化与花岗斑岩无成因关系,金矿化主要受近东西向断裂控制。提出在六岑—桃花—古袍金矿带以找金为主攻方向外,还要注意寻找社垌式的加里东期石英脉-夕卡岩-斑岩型钨钼矿床。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861