有耗介质探地雷达波传播衰减特性的研究

探地雷达是利用超高频脉冲电磁波探测地下介质分布的一种浅层地球物理勘探方法,探地雷达超高频、宽频带脉冲电磁波在地下有耗介质中的衰减特性是一个十分复杂的过程。本文从电磁波传播的麦克斯韦方程出发,较为系统地研究和分析了雷达脉冲电磁波在有耗介质中传播的衰减特性,对研究雷达脉冲电磁波在地下有耗介质中的传播机制有指导意义。     

电磁驻波法地球物理勘探

讨论了电磁波垂直于地层传播时,与反射电磁波干涉产生的驻波,并得出在地面形成波腹与波节的条件。测定波腹频率,就可以根据文中给出的推导方程,计算出地层厚度,以及地层底界面两侧介质电磁参数的相对大小。指出了至少有4个自然电磁波源辐射电磁波,可供人们进行电磁驻波法地球物理勘探使用。     

地质雷达正演中的频散压制和吸收边界改进方法

从麦克斯韦方程组出发,建立了地质雷达的时域有限差分法（ＦＤＴＤ）数学模型,导出了理想 散关系和超级吸收边界条件。理想频散关系 考虑了ＦＤＴＤ法的收敛性和稳定性,也考虑了高频电磁波在Ｙｅｅ氏网格中的传播特点;超吸收边界条件则用磁场分量来提高电场分量精度。数值试验表明,理想频散关系能真实地反映雷达波在地下介质中的传播规律,超吸收边界条件能有效减小截断边界的伪反射,提高正演精度。将之应用于实际计算,取得     

会议预告

经中国地质学会勘探地球物理专业委员会第二次全体委员会研究决定,1984年将举行以下五个学术讨论会: 一、地下电磁波法讨论会内容:1、地下电磁波法的应用效果;2、电磁波在地下介质中的传播理论;3、地下岩矿介质电磁特征;4、电磁波法仪器     

钻孔电磁波法模型研究结果

利用电磁波的地下传播解决地质问题,这已是事实。但是波在损耗介质中的传播,毕竟是一个复杂的问题,需要从理论上做进一步的工作,以提高信息的利用,增强方法的地质效果。为了研究波在有耗介质中的传播规律,其中,首先是干涉、绕射现象。     

高阶时域有限差分法的多偏移距电磁波数值成像

数值模拟是数据处理和反演解释的重要环节,为提高高频电磁波层析成像技术在工程勘察中的解译准确性,采用高阶时间域有限差分法(FDTD(2,4))模拟电磁波在溶洞、断层和孤石等3种地电模型下的成像过程,并采用多偏移距模式获取电磁波道集。通过分析电磁波的波场快照结果和成像结果,总结了电磁波在不同地质体中的传播规律,为实际工程勘察工作提供可靠依据。试验结果表明,FDTD(2,4)能高精度模拟电磁波在复杂介质中的数值成像,同时也验证了多偏移距采集模式具有高效性和灵活性。     

PED透地通信天线的设计与测量分析

井工矿下工作人员与地面保持信息畅通十分重要。针对透地通信中高频电磁波损耗大、低频电磁波干扰强以及大地电参数透地波影响大等问题,根据中频电磁波在地层中的传播特性以及环形天线对中频波的实用性,设计了500 kHz的中频环形天线作为PED透地通信天线,并通过参数测量分析和实际试验验证,达到了预期目标。      

有耗媒质中电磁波的传播特性

讨论和分析了水平电偶极子源的辐射及电磁波在有耗媒质中的传播特性,有耗媒质是一种异常色散媒质,电磁波在这种媒质中传播时,群速大于相速,从而使波形发生某些失真。     

探地雷达有限元数值模拟及衰减特性探讨

从Maxwell方程组出发,推导了带衰减项与不带衰减项的探地雷达(GPR)有限元波动方程。利用matlab平台编译了二维GPR有限元正演模拟程序。通过对典型模型例子的模拟分析,给出了GPR电磁波衰减比的概念及其计算公式,加深理解了GPR电磁波在不同介质中的传播特性。在GPR正演模拟中,必须考虑衰减项的吸收作用,得到的模拟结果更符合GPR电磁波在地下介质中的传播规律,更有助于理解和掌握地下介质中探地雷达波的传播规律,对探地雷达资料的地质解释具有更好地指导意义。     

瓦斯突出地球物理场的响应特征

研究了瓦斯突出地球物理场的电磁波和弹性波响应特征,其响应是构成瓦斯突出地球物理场的介质条件所表现出来的。关键层应力墙瓦斯突出机理认为,瓦斯突出煤层由关键层和伴随层构成。关键层和伴随层在空间的分布规律和相互作用体现在物理场的差异上,把关键层（或瓦斯突出煤体）作为地球物理场中的异常体进行研究是可以利用地球物理方法识别的。突出地球物理场响应特征的研究为从地球物理研究瓦斯突出预测理论和方法提供了科学思路。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861