华南老堡组硅质岩中草莓状黄铁矿——埃迪卡拉纪末期深海缺氧的证据

为恢复埃迪卡拉纪末期深海的氧化还原状态,我们对华南桂北泗里口剖面老堡组（大约550~540Ma）硅质岩中草莓状黄铁矿的粒径和分布进行了测量、统计和研究。老堡组硅质岩样品中普遍存在着草莓状黄铁矿,呈星散状分布,未见自形晶的黄铁矿颗粒和明显后期充填的草莓状黄铁矿集合体。硅质岩中草莓状黄铁矿颗粒的统计表明,它们具有很窄的变化范围,最大粒径小于18μm,大多数样品中草莓状黄铁矿的平均粒径和中间粒径均小于5μm。根据这些硅质岩中原生黄铁矿的粒径和分布,我们判定埃迪卡拉纪末期的深部海水是缺氧的。泗里口剖面老堡组硅质岩中草莓状黄铁矿的平均粒径、中间粒径和最大直径沿剖面向上逐渐增加,这意味着埃迪卡拉纪末期华南的深部海水有逐步被氧化的趋势。     

草莓状黄铁矿形成机制及其研究意义

黄铁矿是沉积物中较为常见的矿物之一,而草莓状黄铁矿是由等粒度的亚微米级黄铁矿晶体或微晶体紧密堆积而成。基于已有的草莓状黄铁矿相关研究成果,本文综述了草莓状黄铁矿的形成机制,阐述了其对古环境恢复的意义。目前普遍认为草莓状黄铁矿的成因主要有两种,即有机成因和无机成因,前者认为有机质或细菌参与草莓状黄铁矿形成;而后者主要认为过饱和的黄铁矿浓度是微球粒草莓状黄铁矿形成的必备条件。草莓状黄铁矿粒径的大小是其古沉积环境的直接反映,被作为比较可靠的古氧化还原条件判别指标,已被广泛应用于古代及现代海洋沉积物的古环境恢复。目前,虽然草莓状黄铁矿粒径判别古环境的大小及分布范围还不统一,但普遍认为封闭的水体环境（硫化环境）草莓状黄铁矿粒径较小且变化不大,且随着含氧程度增加,草莓状黄铁矿的粒径大小增大且分布范围趋于加宽。     

沉积地层中草莓状黄铁矿分析方法及其在古海洋学上的应用

草莓状黄铁矿是黄铁矿的特殊形态,其定义为由相近大小、相似形态的黄铁矿微晶颗粒组成的球形、亚球形聚合体。草莓状黄铁矿粒径分析已广泛应用于各个地质历史时期的古海洋环境恢复研究中,但其形成机理、判别标准与实验方法仍存在分歧。因此对沉积地层中草莓状黄铁矿的形成机理、在古海洋环境恢复中的指示意义及判别标准、实验与数据分析方法等进行总结阐述,有助于理解草莓状黄铁矿的粒径大小与形态对氧化还原条件的指示意义。草莓状黄铁矿在不同氧化还原环境下的形成机理存在差异,其粒径大小、数量以及分布范围可综合反映沉积时水体的氧化还原条件;而草莓状黄铁矿微晶几何形态及整体形貌特征也与古海洋氧化还原环境密切相关。此外,虽然有学者指出该方法可能存在一些问题,但只要在分析过程中结合沉积特征、古生态特征、地球化学指标等多方面证据对环境进行综合判别,甄别特殊条件下沉积的草莓状黄铁矿,则可有效避免这些问题。最后,针对后期氧化作用对草莓状黄铁矿粒径分布的影响进行了评价,结果显示经过后期氧化作用的草莓状黄铁矿粒径变化很小,不会对其在恢复古海洋氧化还原环境的应用上产生影响。     

广西来宾蓬莱滩剖面G-L界线草莓状黄铁微晶粒径特征及其氧化还原意义

在瓜德鲁普统末期发生了一次大规模生物灭绝事件,多类生物均遭受重创。关于此次生物灭绝事件成因,有学者认为海洋缺氧是主要的直接原因之一,但瓜德鲁普统-乐平统（G-L）过渡时期海洋的氧化还原条件的研究开展得较少,缺少直接证据证明海洋缺氧和瓜德鲁普统末期生物灭绝的关系。草莓状黄铁矿粒径是指示沉积水体氧化还原条件的少数可靠的指标之一。由于微晶粒径大小与草莓状黄铁矿粒径大小密切相关,草莓微晶粒径大小同样也可以作为沉积水体的氧化还原指标。本文通过研究蓬莱滩剖面卡匹敦阶茅口组和吴家坪阶合山组下部草莓状黄铁矿微晶粒径特征,从而分析沉积环境的氧化还原状态。研究结果表明蓬莱滩剖面茅口组和合山组微晶粒径多数分布在0.4～1.2 μm之间,大部分样品微晶粒径分布相对较窄,部分样品分布较宽。茅口组-合山组界线处间歇性出现微晶粒径很小且分布范围窄的样品,其平均微晶粒径一般小于0.7 μm,最大值一般不超过1.2 μm,很可能指示硫化-缺氧的环境。茅口组和合山组大部分样品平均微晶粒径分布在0.7～1.0 μm之间,最大值一般不超过3.3 μm,很可能指示的是氧化-贫氧环境。蓬莱滩剖面硫化至缺氧环境对应着瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝事件层位,说明这两者很可能存在因果关系。海洋的硫化缺氧很可能是瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝的主要原因之一。     

草莓状黄铁矿的形成机制探讨及其对古氧化-还原环境的反演

【研究目的】草莓状黄铁矿广泛存在于现代沉积物和沉积岩中,其成因机制总体上分为有机成因和无机成因两种,尽管两种机制均有理论与实验的支撑,但尚未建立一种具有普遍意义的形成机制。【研究方法】本文对目前草莓状黄铁矿的形成机理、氧化还原环境的应用及后期环境变化的影响进行了系统的综合研究。【研究结果】不同氧化-还原环境下形成的草莓状黄铁矿在粒径、形态以及硫同位素之间均存在较大的差异,可做为反演古氧化-还原环境的指标。草莓状黄铁矿的微晶尽管与粒径具有一定的正相关性,但是两者在形态演化序列、生长模式、聚集因素等方面与古氧化-还原环境的关系尚不清楚。仅凭草莓状黄铁矿粒径与铬还原法测定的硫同位素反演古氧化-还原环境存在一定的局限性,需要其他指标综合判定,尚需进一步开展草莓状黄铁矿原位硫同位素值与粒径对古氧化-还原环境反演的研究。后期氧化可使草莓状黄铁矿表面化学成分发生变化,但粒径分布依然具有古氧化-还原环境的指示意义。【结论】草莓状黄铁矿的实验模拟、理论体系和多学科交叉的研究中仍存在一些问题,尚需进一步研究。     

鄂西宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组草莓状黄铁矿SEM图像特征及古环境指示意义：以鄂阳页1井为例

草莓状黄铁矿在页岩中广泛分布,其形态特征及粒径大小等可作为指示氧化还原状态的环境指标。本文以鄂西宜昌地区鄂阳页1井水井沱组富有机质层段及岩家河组样品为研究对象,利用氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜技术,结合图像处理软件ImageJ,快速获取SEM图像中草莓状黄铁矿相关参数,并探讨其环境指示意义。结果表明,鄂阳页1井下寒武统剖面样品中黄铁矿赋存形式多样,包括草莓状黄铁矿集合体、团块状黄铁矿、黄铁矿自形晶及有机质中星点状分散的黄铁矿等。其中,草莓状黄铁矿作为最主要的赋存形式,其粒径(D)、微晶粒径(d)、D/d值以及微晶晶型等相关参数在垂向上呈现明显变化。岩家河组草莓状黄铁矿微晶晶型以八面体为主,水井沱组富有机质层段底部以五角十二面体及近球形为主,中部以八面体、立方体为主,上部以立方体、四面体为主,自下而上微晶圆度呈逐渐减小趋势,反映了还原性减弱的过程。水井沱组富有机质页岩中草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径为4.43μm,中下部偏大,上部粒径偏小。草莓状黄铁矿微晶平均粒径为0.338μm,剖面上自下而上呈现由大到小的变化趋势。D/d值在岩家河组样品中偏小,在水井沱组富有机质层段下部最大,上部逐渐减小。综合相...     

台湾国姓地区中新世海相菱铁矿结核成因——来自草莓状黄铁矿粒径和硫同位素的证据

自生菱铁矿很好地记录了其形成时的地质信息及海洋中的生物地球化学过程，是示踪成岩作用带和氧化还原环境变化的绝佳载体。台湾国姓地区中新世猴洞坑组海相泥页岩中发育有大量自生菱铁矿结核，是次氧化带的产物。为进一步确认该菱铁矿形成时所处沉积环境的氧化还原状态和生物地球化学过程。本文对该区菱铁矿中保存完好的草莓状黄铁矿开展了粒径和硫同位素研究。结果显示，草莓状黄铁矿的粒径变化较大，平均粒径为9.23～11.55μm,最大粒径大于20μm,显示氧化-弱氧化的沉积环境特征；黄铁矿的δ³⁴S为-28.5‰～+3.1‰,平均值为-11.7‰,相较于海水(+21‰)富集轻的硫同位素，表明黄铁矿形成于相对开放的浅表层沉积物。黄铁矿的粒径分布规律和硫同位素特征均指示台湾国姓地区中新世海相菱铁矿形成于浅层弱氧化的次氧化带内。     

沉积地层中的黄铁矿形态及同位素特征初探——以华南埃迪卡拉纪深水相地层为例

地质历史时期新元古代大气氧含量普遍较低。在硫酸盐还原细菌作用下,作为海洋重要的氧化性离子,陆源硫酸根离子有效促进了深层海水的氧化进程。在此过程中,硫元素在硫酸根和黄铁矿之间发生显著同位素分馏,其分馏程度可反推当时古海洋的氧化还原状态。沉积地层中的黄铁矿普遍具有多种形态,不同形态黄铁矿的形成环境多有不同。如草莓状黄铁矿多形成于底层缺氧水体或沉积物的浅表面,而大颗粒单晶黄铁矿或脉状黄铁矿则多沉积于成岩早期的沉积物孔隙或形成于成岩后期的热液改造。与草莓状黄铁矿不同,大颗粒单晶或脉状黄铁矿的硫同位素组成并不能反映沉积时期的古海洋氧化还原条件。判定沉积地层中不同形态的黄铁矿及形成过程,是获得有效反映海洋沉积环境硫同位素组成特征的基本前提。简要总结了地质历史时期沉积地层中的黄铁矿类型及矿物形成过程,并以华南埃迪卡拉纪蓝田组岩芯样品为例,识别出各个样品中的黄铁矿形态组成特征,对比分析了全岩黄铁矿与样品中大颗粒黄铁矿硫同位素组成差异。研究结果表明:不同岩性样品中黄铁矿的形态种类及含量均存在差异。页岩样品保存有更好形态的自形晶以及草莓状黄铁矿;碳酸盐岩样品中具有较多自形晶以及他形晶黄铁矿,并且其中的少量草莓状黄铁矿遭受后期成岩作用而发生不同程度的晶体蚀变。样品中大颗粒黄铁矿的硫同位素值（δ34S_L-pyr）通常显著高于全岩黄铁矿的硫同位素值（δ34S_T-pyr）,最大差值可达48.5‰。在利用黄铁矿的硫同位素组成来反推当时古海洋环境时,需要区分不同形态黄铁矿,仔细剔除大颗粒黄铁矿,降低成岩期黄铁矿对样品中硫同位素组成的影响。更细致的微区黄铁矿硫同位素分析工作将依赖于SIMS分析测试手段进行。     

钱家店铀矿田草莓状黄铁矿特征及其地质意义

钱家店铀矿田主要赋矿层位为青山口组、姚家组原生红杂色岩系,目前关于其内部灰色砂体沉积期的原生氧化还原性仍存在较大分歧,直接影响了区内找矿部署,而草莓状黄铁矿对沉积岩形成的古环境具有重要指示作用。文章通过系统研究青山口组和姚家组灰色砂体内草莓状黄铁矿的赋存、硫同位素、粒径等特征,首次利用其粒径特征反演目标层位沉积-成岩期水体的古氧化还原条件,进而探讨其对铀成矿的意义。结果表明,钱家店铀矿田灰色砂体中草莓状黄铁矿主要形成于沉积-成岩期,全岩δ34S值为-37.5‰～-23.4‰,为低温微生物还原作用成因。姚家组、青山口组的草莓状黄铁矿粒径分布范围分别为1.6～28.0μm、0.8～52.0μm,平均粒径分别为8.0μm、9.3μm,最大粒径分别为28.0μm、52.0μm,粒径大于10μm的颗粒分别占21.8%、28.3%,表现出姚家组草莓状黄铁矿粒径整体较青山口组小,青山口组具较广的分布范围,但两者具有相似的粒径统计学分布规律。综合草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径对标准偏差和偏态系数二元图解表明,含矿目标层沉积时古水体为次氧化环境,这是目前含矿层不发育翼部矿体和具有“两红夹一灰”纵向氧化还原分带的主...     

古海洋氧化还原地球化学指标研究新进展

古海洋氧化还原条件的恢复一直是地学界的研究热点。许多指标可以用来指示古海洋沉积岩(物)的氧化还原条件。其中地球化学和矿物学方法历来是研究古海洋氧化还原条件的主要手段,前人工作主要集中在单个种类指标(沉积学、矿物学、地球化学等)的单方面研究,缺乏系统研究。但沉积物中的氧化还原指标受很多因素的影响,用单个指标来指示水体的氧化还原条件存在不确定性。主要通过主量元素(总有机碳TOC、有机碳和磷的摩尔比Corg∶P),氧化还原敏感的微量元素(U、V、Mo),黄铁矿类型和草莓状黄铁矿粒径分布以及同位素(黄铁矿硫同位素δ34Spyrite、钼同位素δ98 Mo、铀同位素δ238 U)等指标的综合运用来区分硫化、缺氧、次氧化以及氧化等水体条件。在硫化水体中,氧化还原敏感元素和TOC含量均大量富集,尤其是Mo的富集系数(MoEF)比U的富集系数(UEF)更大(MoEFUEF),有机碳和磷的摩尔比(Corg∶P)也呈现高值;黄铁矿几乎全部呈草莓状,很少出现自形晶,草莓状黄铁矿平均粒径小(常小于5μm)且变化不大,δ34Spyrite值偏负,δ98 Mo值和海水同位素值接近,约为+2.3‰,δ238 U值为+0.2‰,高于海水的同位素值(-0.41‰)。水体环境为氧化的条件下,氧化还原敏感的元素和TOC的量都很缺乏,有机碳和磷的摩尔比(Corg∶P)出现低值,黄铁矿很少,且主要以自形晶的形式出现,平均粒径很大,黄铁矿中的δ34Spyrite值偏正,δ98 Mo值偏负,为-0.7‰,δ238 U值为-0.65‰。在缺氧和次氧化水体环境中,各种指标介于硫化和氧化环境之间,氧化还原敏感元素和TOC含量适中,U相对比Mo富集(UEFMoEF),黄铁矿以草莓状为主,有部分的自形晶出现,黄铁矿平均粒径较大,而且变化范围较大,黄铁矿中的δ34Spyrite值、δ98 Mo值以及δ238 U值均介于氧化和硫化环境之间。最后,还提出在分析古海洋的氧化还原条件时,要综合考虑多种影响因素,清晰认识到每个指标的适用性和局限性,并指出了存在的问题和不足。     

华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力

华北地台中元古界主要由环潮坪石英砂岩、浅海碳酸盐岩和浅海—泻湖相暗色页岩3种沉积相组合构成,以陆表海浅水碳酸盐岩占主导。碳酸盐岩中除含有丰富的微古植物、宏观藻类和微生物建隆外,还发育大量的微生物成因构造(MISS)和微生物诱发的碳酸盐沉淀(MMCP)。微生物席和MISS构造在高于庄组上部(约1.6 Ga)和雾迷山组下部(约1.45 Ga)碳酸盐岩中尤为发育,表明活跃的微生物活动和高有机质产量。在石化微生物席中,发现有丝状、球状细菌化石和草莓状黄铁矿;围岩中发现有针状文石、花瓣状重晶石、放射状菱铁矿、铁白云石和葡萄状碳酸盐胶结物等多种自生碳酸盐矿物,指示甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)导致的自生碳酸盐沉淀。中元古代的温暖气候和海洋分层、缺氧、硫化条件有利于微生物的高生产量和高有机质埋藏率。气隆构造和核形石状碳酸盐结核反映浅埋藏条件下活跃的成烷作用和甲烷排放,围岩和MMCP中富沥青质。华北地台中元古界富微生物席碳酸盐岩有良好的生烃潜力,有可能形成重要的烃源岩。据微生物席、MISS构造及MMCP的研究,初步估算华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩的概略生烃潜力约为10×108t石油当量。     

Microbial Mats in the Mesoproterozoic Carbonates of the North China Platform and Their Potential for Hydrocarbon Generation

The well-preserved Mesoproterozoic succession in the North China platform consists mainly of three llthological associations including peritidal quartz sandstone, shallow marine and lagoonai dark to black shales, and shallow epeiric carbonates, with a total thickness of up to 8 000 m. In addition to well-documented microplants, macroalgae, and microbial buildups, abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) and mat-related sediments have been recognized in these rocks. Intensive microbial mat layers and MISS are especially well preserved in the carbonates of the upper Gaoyuzhuang (高于庄) (ca. 1.5 Ga) and lower Wumishan (雾迷山) (ca. 1.45 Ga) formations, Indicating diversified microbial activities and a high organic production. In these petrified blomats, putative microbial fossils (both coccoidal and filamentous) and framboidal pyrites have been identified. The abundance of authigenic carbonate minerals in the host rocks, such as, acicular aragnnites, rosette barites, radial siderites, ankerites, and botryoidai carbonate cements, suggests authigenlc carbonate precipitation from anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) under anoxic/euxinic conditions. Warm climate and anoxic/euxinic conditions in the Mesoproterozoic oceans may have facilitated high microbial productivity and organic burial in sediments. Although authigenic carbonate cements may record carbonate precipitation from anaerobic methane oxidation, gas blister (or dome) structures may indicate gas release from active methanogenesls during shallow burial Bituminous fragments in mat-related carbonates also provide evidence for hydrocarbon generation. Under proper conditions, the Mesoproterozoic mat-rich carbonates will have the potential for hydrocarbon generation and serve as source rocks. On the basis of petrified biomats, a rough estimation suggests that the Mesoproterozoic carbonates of the North China platform might have a hydrocarbon production potential in theorder of 10×108t.     

A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: New insights from modern euxinic marine basins

Enrichments in reactive iron occur under euxinic marine conditions, that is, where dissolved sulfide is present in the water column. These enrichments result primarily from the export of remobilized iron from the oxic shelf, which is scavenged from the euxinic water column during syngenetic pyrite formation and deposited in the underlying sediments. Strongly elevated ratios of highly reactive iron to total iron (Fe_HR/Fe_T) and total iron to aluminum (Fe_T/Al) and high degrees of pyritization (DOP) are each products of this enrichment process. These paleoredox proxies are among the most faithful recorders of ancient euxinia.Contrary to previous arguments, iron enrichment is decoupled from biogenic sediment inputs, but it does appear to be a uniquely euxinic phenomenon. In other words, we can rule out a major contribution from preferential physical transport of Fe_HR-rich detrital sediment to the deep basin, which could also operate under oxic conditions. Furthermore, enrichment via the shuttling of iron remobilized from oxic shelves appears to be limited by inefficient transport and trapping processes in deep oxic basins. Elevated Fe_T/Al ratios in the euxinic sediments also cannot be a product of internal enhancement of the reactivity of the detrital iron pool without net Fe_HR addition. These conclusions are supported by observations in the modern Black Sea, Orca Basin, and Effingham Inlet.Fe_T/Al ratios are unambiguous recorders of paleoredox even in sediments that have experienced high degrees of metamorphic alteration. However, this study suggests that high siliciclastic accumulation rates can swamp the enrichment mechanism, resulting in only intermediate DOP values for euxinic sediments and Fe_T/Al ratios that mimic the oxic shelf. Such dilution effects are well expressed in Black Sea basinal turbidites and rapidly accumulating muds on euxinic basin margins. Under conditions of persistent euxinia, varying extents of Fe_HR enrichment can illuminate spatial and temporal gradients in siliciclastic sedimentation. The magnitude of enrichment is a function of the source (shelf) to sink (ocean basin) areal ratio, suggesting that iron proxies can also record ocean-scale paleoenvironmental properties through muted enrichments at times of very widespread euxinia. For the first time, manganese data are interpreted in light of the redox shuttle model. As for the iron data, the Black Sea, Orca Basin, and Effingham Inlet show enrichments in total manganese in the deep euxinic basin, suggesting export from the suboxic porewaters of the oxic shelf and scavenging and burial in the basin. The Black Sea data reveal iron and manganese enrichment across the broad, deep euxinic basin, suggesting efficient lateral transport and deep-water mixing tied to the physical properties of the water column.     

Thallium isotopes in early diagenetic pyrite - A paleoredox proxy?

This paper presents the first study of Tl isotopes in early diagenetic pyrite. Measurements from two sections deposited during the Toarcian Ocean Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ∼183 Ma) are compared with data from Late Neogene (<10 Ma) pyrite samples from ODP legs 165 and 167 that were deposited in relatively oxic marine environments. The Tl isotope compositions of Late Neogene pyrites are all significantly heavier than seawater, which most likely indicates that Tl in diagenetic pyrite is partially sourced from ferromanganese oxy-hydroxides that are known to display relatively heavy Tl isotope signatures. One of the T-OAE sections from Peniche in Portugal displays pyrite thallium isotope compositions indistinguishable from Late Neogene samples, whereas samples from Yorkshire in the UK are depleted in the heavy isotope of Tl. These lighter compositions are best explained by the lack of ferromanganese precipitation at the sediment-water interface due to the sulfidic (euxinic) conditions thought to be prevalent in the Cleveland Basin where the Yorkshire section was deposited. The heavier signatures in the Peniche samples appear to result from an oxic water column that enabled precipitation of ferromanganese oxy-hydroxides at the sediment-water interface.The Tl isotope profile from Yorkshire is also compared with previously published molybdenum isotope ratios determined on the same sedimentary succession. There is a suggestion of an anti-correlation between these two isotope systems, which is consistent with the expected isotope shifts that occur in seawater when marine oxic (ferromanganese minerals) fluxes fluctuate.The results outlined here represent the first evidence that Tl isotopes in early diagenetic pyrite have potential to reveal variations in past ocean oxygenation on a local scale and potentially also for global oceans. However, much more information about Tl isotopes in different marine environments, especially in anoxic/euxinic basins, is needed before Tl isotopes can be confidently utilized as a paleo-redox tracer.     

Framboidal — colloform — recrystallised pyrite in the granitoids of Wahkyn area,West Khasi hills,Meghalaya

Petrographic studies of Proterozoic pyriteferous granitoids forming basement for upper cretaceous Mahadek sediments from Wahkyn area reveal interesting textural peculiarities of Pyrite. These pyrites also reveal interesting structural peculiarities. The three textural pyrite varieties found in the granitoids are: framboidal, colloform and recrystallised which appear both as composite aggregate as well as independent units. Various textures and variation in reflectivity, microhardness and elemental distribution of the pyrites are described. Average Co/Ni ratio along with the textural manifestation of these pyrites attests their sedimentary origin.     

黔西南水银洞金矿床载金黄铁矿标型特征

水银洞金矿床为近年来在黔西南地区所发现的又一重要卡林型金矿床,黄铁矿为矿床的重要载金矿物。通过系统采样和光片鉴定,区分出具有不同标型特征的四种黄铁矿,即草莓状黄铁矿、生物碎屑状黄铁矿、粗粒自形黄铁矿和细粒自形黄铁矿。四种黄铁矿的含金性存在着显著差异,以生物碎屑状黄铁矿和细粒自形黄铁矿的含金性为优,而草莓状黄铁矿和粗粒自形黄铁矿的含金性较差。各种黄铁矿的主成分及微量组分也显示出一定的变化规律。本文初步分析了四种黄铁矿的形成条件及金的差异性富集机理。     

REE and trace element patterns from organic-rich rocks of the Ediacaran–Cambrian transitional interval

It has been established that important changes in the marine environment and the biosphere occurred during the Cambrian. However, the relationships between the so-called “Cambrian Explosion” and the concomitant environmental changes are not yet fully understood. This study presents new geochemical data from the black shale successions from different facies belts of the Yangtze Platform in South China. Variations in the concentrations of REE and trace elements (varying Ce/Ce*, Th/U, V/Sc, and V/Cr ratios) in kerogen as well as in bulk rocks from different depositional environments along a transect from platform to basin indicate two oxidation events, which led to the oxygenation of the water column in shallow-marine environments and euxinic conditions (weak correlation between TOC, V, U, and Mo) in the deeper sea. During the first oxidation event in the late Terreneuvian, anoxic conditions in bottom waters rapidly changed to euxinic conditions. Subsequently, the second oxidation event during the early Epoch 2 of the Cambrian led to oxic–suboxic conditions in deeper seawater.     

从西南硫矿带内黄铁矿生物组构论微生物成矿作用

西南硫矿带黄铁矿床主要产于二叠系龙潭组底部,硫铁矿的形成与峨眉山玄武岩喷发活动有一定关系,本文主要研究了区内生物结构黄铁矿的成因,认为生物组构莓状黄铁矿成因与生物菌群及微生物富集作用有关。研究表明,该区内的黄铁矿成矿作用主要由玄武岩海解而析出铁质与细菌还原硫酸盐及分解有机硫所产生的H₂S作用,形成黄铁矿,生物一方面直接参与了成硫,另一方面又间接参与了成矿作用。