鞍山-本溪地区条带状铁建造的铁同位素与稀土元素特征及其对成矿物质来源的指示

通过Fe同位素、稀土元素与主量元素相结合的方法,对辽宁省鞍山-本溪地区新太古代条带状铁建造(BIF)的成矿物质来源提出了有效制约.BIF的化学成分主要由TFe2O3和SiO2组成,并且具有较低的Al2O3和TiO2含量,表明该地区BIF型贫铁矿是由极少碎屑物质加入的化学沉积岩.稀土元素的总量较低,经页岩标准化后的稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征,具有明显的Eu、Y、La正异常,这些特征表明该地区BIF是古海洋的化学沉积岩,同时具有明显的火山热液贡献特征.用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MCICP-MS)测定Fe同位素的结果表明,相对于标准IRMM-014,所测样品均显示Fe的重同位素富集,且Fe同位素组成与Eu异常存在明显的正相关关系,表明该地区BIF中铁的来源与海底火山热液活动密切相关,首次从成矿元素Fe本身为条带状铁建造的成矿物质来源提供了直接的证据.     

鞍山-本溪地区条带状铁矿的Fe同位素特征及其对成矿机理和地球早期海洋环境的制约

本文报道了鞍山-本溪地区晚太古代条带状铁建造的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Fe同位素的分析结果.结果显示:铁矿主要由Fe2O3T和SiO2组成,具有较低的Al2O3和TiO2含量;微量元素含量和稀土总量均较低;经页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集;具有明显的La、Eu、Y的正异常;较高的Y/Ho比值.这些特征均表明鞍山-本溪地区条带状铁矿是由极少碎屑物质加入的化学沉积岩,成矿物质主要来源于海底热液的贡献.相对于标准物质IRMM-014,条带状铁矿石的Fe同位素组成最突出的特征是均为正值,这是由于二价铁溶液经部分氧化和沉淀形成富集重铁同位素的三价铁氧化物或氢氧化物的结果,且沉淀程度的不同是控制Fe同位素组成变化的重要因素.条带状铁矿无明显的Ce负异常和Fe同位素组成为正值的特征暗示了铁矿沉淀时的海水为低氧逸度环境.     

河北省宣龙式铁矿的地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文报道了宣龙式铁矿的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Fe同位素和Nd同位素的分析结果。结果显示:主量元素的化学成分中Fe2O3T的含量最高,并且具有较高的Al2O3、TiO2和P2O5含量;微量元素含量总体与平均地壳相似,并显示氧化-还原敏感元素V、U、Mo的相对富集;稀土总量高、轻稀土元素亏损重稀土元素富集、无Ce、Eu正异常、Y/Ho比值与地壳平均值相似;同时,铁矿具有较低的εNd值,这些特征表明宣龙式铁矿的成矿物质来源为陆源。相对于标准物质IRMM-014,宣龙式铁矿中赤铁矿的Fe同位素组成均为正值,这与由现代蓝细菌氧化而成的赤铁矿Fe同位素组成应小于或等于0不同,因此,宣龙铁矿是由铁细菌氧化为主的生物粘结矿床。此外,铁矿无Ce的负异常;V、U、Mo的相对富集;Fe同位素比值为正值的这些特征均说明当时铁矿沉淀的环境为低氧状态。     

冀东司家营条带状含铁建造铁矿石铁同位素特征及其地质意义

司家营条带状含铁建造（Banded iron formation,BIF）型铁矿床是冀东地区规模最大的铁矿床,前人对其进行了大量的年代学、岩石学和元素地球化学工作,但目前尚未对其进行Fe同位素研究。本文通过Fe同位素和主微量、稀土元素相结合的方法对司家营BIF的成矿物质来源和形成背景提出了有效制约,同时对司家营BIF的锆石U- Pb年龄数据进行补充。锆石U- Pb年代学显示,司家营BIF形成于2537~2531Ma。地球化学数据显示司家营BIF矿石主要由TFe2O3和SiO2组成,具有较低的Al2O3和TiO2含量,富集Fe重同位素（δ56Fe=0.341‰~0.525‰）;稀土元素配分模式呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征,具有明显的Eu、Y、La正异常,Y/Ho比率较高（Y/Ho=34.96~45.84）。这些特征表明司家营BIF是基本无碎屑物质参与的化学沉积岩,稀土元素来源于高温热液和海水的混合溶液,铁质来源于海相热液流体。司家营BIF缺乏真正的Ce负异常和Fe同位素组成均为正值指示其形成于缺氧环境。综合对比世界上其他地区太古宙BIF的Fe同位素特征,本文认为新太古代时期地球海洋含氧量逐步上升,此时海洋总体属于缺氧环境,但部分地区氧气含量较高。     

霍邱矿田李老庄铁矿地质与地球化学特征及对沉积环境的指示

李老庄铁矿位于华北克拉通南缘安徽霍邱铁矿田中部.铁矿体赋存于角闪斜长片岩(片麻岩)和大理岩中,其原岩为细碎屑岩和富镁碳酸盐岩.铁矿石主要以条带状、浸染状和块状构造为主.本文主要对李老庄铁矿进行了岩石学、矿物学研究,对矿区铁建造和围岩的主量和微量元素进行了分析.结果显示李老庄铁矿石主要由Fe2O3、SiO2和MgO组成,具有较低的Al2O3和TiO2含量,微量元素含量和稀土总量均较低,矿石(La/Yb) PAAS=0.2～0.5,显示重稀土富集,具有明显的La(La/La* =2.07 ～4.03)、Eu(Eu/Eu*=1.72 ～3.60)、Y(Y/Y*=1.50 ～ 1.87)的正异常,较高Y/Ho比值(Y/Ho=38.4 ～47.31,平均42.12)和Sr/Ba比值(Sr/Ba =4.92 ～28.90,平均13.68).这些特征表明李老庄条带状铁矿成矿物质主要来源于海底热液与海水混合的贡献.条带状铁矿无明显的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce*=0.67 ～0.81),且矿石Fe2O3T/FeO值偏低(Fe2O3T/FeO =2.60 ～3.19,平均2.95),表明矿石类型为原生矿.此外地球化学分析表明,作为李老庄铁矿层夹层的片岩、片麻岩的原岩可能为形成于大陆边缘环境的粘土或砂质沉积岩,其FeO/Fe2O3T比值为0.72 ～0.77,暗示了铁矿沉淀时的海水为低氧逸度的还原环境,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分型式呈现明显的轻稀土亏损,重稀土富集的特征,(La/Yb)N=8.46 ～25.78,平均19.48,暗示其沉积物质可能来源于陆源供给.综合分析认为,李老庄BIF铁矿为形成于活动大陆边缘局限盆地且受海底热液喷流作用影响的BIF铁矿.     

冀东柞栏杖子BIF地球化学特征、形成时代及其地质意义

冀东地区柞栏杖子BIF出露于绿片岩相—低角闪岩相朱杖子岩群变质岩中。铁矿石主要由石英和磁铁矿组成,还含有少量透闪石和黑云母。主量元素主要为Si O2、Fe2O3和Fe O,其次为少量的Ca O和Mg O。较低的Al2O3含量、极低的Ti O2含量和高场强元素(HFSE)暗示,铁矿石中陆源碎屑物质含量很低。铁矿石的稀土元素含量较低,稀土元素配分模式特征为轻稀土元素相对亏损、重稀土元素相对富集。较明显的Eu正异常、轻微的Y正异常及较高的Y/Ho值的稀土元素特征,类似于高温热液和海水的混合热液,暗示成矿物质主要来自于海水和高温热液。对柞栏杖子BIF矿体夹层黑云斜长变粒岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,207Pb/206Pb年龄加权平均值为2572±8Ma(MSWD=5.8),可代表柞栏杖子BIF的形成年龄。综合前人研究,认为冀东地区变质级别不同的BIF物质来源相同、形成年代相近,BIF的变质可能和2500Ma左右华北克拉通东部陆块发生的地幔岩浆底侵事件有关。     

辽宁弓长岭铁矿二矿区条带状铁建造地球化学特征及成因探讨

本文以弓长岭铁矿二矿区磁铁石英岩、磁铁富矿和蚀变围岩样品为研究对象,进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Fe同位素的测试。结果表明:磁铁石英岩主要由TFe2O3和SiO2组成,Al2O3和TiO2质量分数较低,微量元素质量分数和稀土元素质量分数均较低;经澳大利亚后太古界平均页岩(PAAS)标准化的稀土配分模式呈现出轻稀土亏损和重稀土富集,La、Eu和Y的正异常明显,Ce的异常不明显,Y/Ho值较高;富集Fe的重同位素,且与海底喷发热液经过氧化沉淀后的Fe同位素特征一致。磁铁富矿与磁铁石英岩的地球化学特征有很好的一致性和继承性,但磁铁富矿的REE和Eu质量分数较高,且较磁铁石英岩富集Fe的轻同位素,范围更大,与蚀变岩的Fe同位素组成相近。弓长岭铁矿的磁铁石英岩是陆源物质加入很少的古海洋化学沉积岩,为喷出的海底热液与海水的混合条件下氧化沉淀形成的。磁铁富矿推测为富Fe的轻同位素热液对磁铁石英岩进行改造,经过去硅富铁作用形成的。     

冀东、五台和吕梁地区条带状铁矿的稀土元素特征及其地质意义

详细报道了冀东、五台和吕梁地区条带状铁矿全岩样品的稀土元素分析结果。结果表明,研究区BIF具有非常相似的特征：稀土总量均较低;经页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式均呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征;Y/Ho比值较高;具有明显的Eu、Y、La的正异常,且这些特征表明研究区BIF的稀土元素来源于火山热液和海水的混合溶液。虽然BIF均显示Eu正异常,但不同类型、不同沉积年龄BIF的铕异常程度不同：与吕梁地区Superior型铁矿相比,冀东和五台地区的Algoma型铁矿显示了更大的Eu正异常;并且自中太古代-新太古代-古元古代,BIF的铕正异常逐渐减小,这可能反映了随着BIF沉积年龄的减小,进入到该地区海水中的高温热液流体逐渐减少;同时,研究区BIF缺乏明显的Ce负异常,可能暗示在BIF沉积时海水的氧化还原状态为缺氧环境。     

辽宁本溪贾家堡子地区BIF铁矿床地球化学特征

利用主量元素和稀土元素相结合的地球化学方法,对本溪贾家堡子铁矿成矿物质来源和矿床成因进行了研究.结果表明：贾家堡子地区条带状铁矿（BIF）的化学成分主要为TFe₂O₃和SiO₂,并且Al₂O₃和TiO₂含量较低,这一特征与鞍本地区及山西五台山和冀东迁安地区条带状铁矿基本一致,指示该条带状铁矿是由极少碎屑物质加入的化学沉积岩.稀土元素呈现弱轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征,具有明显的Eu正异常特征,表明该BIF的稀土元素来源于火山热液和海水的混合液.贾家堡子地区条带状铁矿床成因类型为Algoma型铁矿.     

辽宁弓长岭矿区混合花岗岩地球化学特征及成因

经分析辽宁弓长岭二矿区混合花岗岩的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征,对混合花岗岩的成因研究表明: 主量元素中Fe2O3、FeO、MgO 和CaO 含量较低,K2O 和Na2O 含量较高; 微量元素分配曲线属右倾型,强不相容元素富集; 轻稀土元素分馏明显,呈明显的Eu 负异常,但Ce 的正异常不明显,为典型壳型花岗岩稀土特征。弓长岭二矿区混合花岗岩原岩为富铝的沉积岩,混合花岗岩为部分熔融成因。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861