高光谱遥感技术在水环境监测中的应用研究

以黄土高原几类常见土壤为试验品,定量研究了不同泥土含量与水体光谱反射率的关系,探索了利用反射率反演水体深度的方法。文中还介绍了利用高光谱遥感技术分析水污染类型和强度的方法。最后以靖边县城的芦河为例,分析了高光谱遥感探测水污染程度的可行性。     

水体光谱分析法在解译中的应用

传统测量水中悬浮物质如泥沙、叶绿素等的方法是通过大面积、大范围的逐点采样,存在着速度慢、周期长、成本较高等不足,不利于进行区域的科学研究。而利用水体光谱分析能够克服以上诸多缺点。本文分析了含沙水体、含叶绿素水体及污染水体等水体的光谱特征,阐述了利用水体光谱的分析来测定水中泥沙、叶绿素含量的方法和原理,从而说明水体光谱分...     

混合光谱分解模型提取水体叶绿素含量的研究

遥感监测水体叶绿素含量是水质遥感研究的难点之一。本文通过研究不同叶绿素含量水体反射率的光谱特征，确定了提取叶绿素a含量的最佳特征波段，建立了太湖水体叶绿素a的混合光谱模型。研究发现，混合光谱模型提取的水体叶绿素a百分比浓度与同步采样分析的叶绿素a浓度之间有较好的线性相关性。并基于TM和HEPERION图像利用此模型生成了叶绿索a浓度分布图。研究结果表明，混合光谱分解模型可以作为遥感监测水体叶绿素a含量的定量模型。     

基于高原盐湖光谱特性下的溶解氧反演应用与探讨

因地理条件限制,盐湖高光谱反演研究目前尚少,文章以盐湖溶解氧的反演为例,探讨盐湖水质参数的反演思路与方法。通过对青海察尔汗盐湖水体高光谱数据的信息分析,在高光谱水质参数反演技术基础上利用盐湖水体的独特光谱信息,采用波段组合的方式确定了盐湖高光谱溶解氧反演模型。研究结果表明:(1)原始光谱曲线各个波段与溶解氧含量相关性不足0.3,基于盐湖水体的独特光谱信息下的波段组合数据与溶解氧含量的相关系数达到0.75以上;(2)建立的波段比值模型与实测值进行模型精度验证,发现溶解氧含量反演与实测结果基本一致;(3)盐湖水体较为稳定的特性使其在经历时间变化时水质参数含量不会发生较大变化,利用2019年11月份实测数据进行的精度验证也可说明以盐湖光谱特性建立的波段比值模型具有较高精度,并且能够有一定的模型长效性。因此,利用盐湖光谱特性建立高光谱反演模型可满足对该湖区进行溶解氧监测的精度需求,实现对其的大面积监测,也同时提出一种新的针对高原盐湖反演模型建立的思路,为后续高原湖泊的监测体系建立奠定基础。     

黄河口水体光谱特性及悬沙浓度遥感估测

通过黄河口含沙水体野外遥感光谱反射率的观测实验，探讨了黄河口水体表观光谱特性，分析了悬浮体中有机颗粒含量和悬沙粒度对光谱特性的影响。针对Landsat TM／ETM^＋影像波段特性，对黄河口含沙水体在其可见光至近红外4个波段的光谱特性进行了模拟分析，并结合表观光谱观测数据建立了经验回归函数，以估测不同时相黄河口水体表层悬沙的浓度。     

江苏近海辐射沙洲水域水深与光谱的相关性研究

通过对实测光谱数据和水深数据的分析研究发现，泥沙浓度在水深遥感中具有重要意义。泥沙含量决定水体光谱反射率与 水深的相关性方向： 泥沙含量较少的清水区，光谱反射率与水深呈负线性相关； 而在泥沙含量较高的浊水区，光谱反射率与水深 数据呈正线性相关。以此为依据，对水体进行清/浊水体的光谱分别处理，可提高水深的光谱反演精度。同时，结合实测水体光谱 进行不同光谱分辨率的模拟分析，发现高光谱分辨率遥感将有助于提高水深反演精度。     

DEM 辅助下的河道细小线性水体自适应迭代提取

提出了一种河道细小线性水体自动识别方法。该方法综合应用了空间知识、光谱计算和全局--局部迭代模型算法。首先,利用全球30米ASTER DEM数据,生成流域的水系分布矢量图;然后,以DEM水系分布图作为先验知识,通过空间分析形成信息提取目标区,为后续信息提取提供了目标靶区;再次,通过水体光谱指数计算和NDWI全局阈值分割,得到靶区水体分布的初步信息;最后,在水体指数全域分割的基础上,通过局部水体指数物理特征分析、自适应阈值选择和迭代计算,实现局部河道水体精确提取。试验采用ETM+数据对伊犁河上游的支流河道进行信息提取,结果表明该方法能够快速准确地完成大流域范围内的河道水系制图,并能够最大程度地降低细小河道水体识别中背景光谱信息混杂的干扰,提高了遥感信息提取的针对性和计算的效率。     

基于MODIS数据的水体提取研究

通过对遥感图像各类地物的光谱和水体在中等分辨率的EOS／MODIS上的波谱特征的分析,论述了水体最为明显的波段组合,研究了如何从不同时期（枯水期、丰水期）的中等分辨率MODIS遥感影像提取水体的方法,并以武汉市梁子湖为例,对水体提取范围和精度进行比较和分析。实验表明：遥感图像经空间变换后再利用相同的方法提取的水体,更容易区分水体和阴影,产生的噪声也少,提取的水体范围更准确、计算的水域面积精度更高。     

基于高光谱遥感反射比的太湖水体叶绿素a含量估算模型

旨在寻找叶绿素a的高光谱遥感敏感波段并建立其定量估算模型。通过对太湖水体的连续监测，获得了从2004年6月到8月3个月的太湖水体高光谱数据和水质化学分析数据。利用实测的高光谱数据分析计算太湖水体的离水辐亮度和遥感反射比；然后，通过相关分析寻找反演叶绿素a浓度的高光谱敏感波段，进而建立反演太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的高光谱遥感定量估算模型，并用相关数据对模型进行精度分析。研究发现，水体的遥感反射比光谱在719nm和725nm存在两个峰，其中719nm处的峰更明显且稳定。通过模型的对比分析，发现用这两个峰值处的遥感反射比参与建模可以提高叶绿素a的估算精度；并且认为由反射比比值变量R719／R670所建立的线性模型对叶绿素a浓度的估算精度最理想。     

不同泥沙含量水体光谱特性分析

研究了不同的观测角度下水体光谱反射率与泥沙含量之间的变化关系,提出了差分泥沙光谱指数建立泥沙反演模型,确立了在不同角度下对水体泥沙含量的定量分析模型.     

Spectral Reflectance Characteristics of the Soils on Basaltic Terrain of Central Indian Plateau

In-situ spectral reflectance characteristics of soils were studied under field conditions with Multiband Ground Truth Radiometer covering 0.45?C0.52, 0.52?C0.59, 0.62?C0.68, and 0.77?C0.86 ??m spectral bands. Twenty-two surface soil samples were studied in laboratory for their spectral reflectance characteristics using ISCO Model S.R. Spectroradiometer in visible wavelength (450?C725 nm), with 25 nm bandwidth, and in infrared wavelength (750?C1550 nm), with 50 nm bandwidth. The Bidirectional reflectance factor representative of spectral reflectance varied from 3.78 to 11.3???m in band 1, 6.09 to 15.41???m in band 2, 8.05 to 19.41???m in band 3, and 12.18 to 31.2???m in band 4. In-situ spectral reflectance in general increases with the wavelength from visible to infrared bands for all the soils. Black soils have relatively lower reflectance as compared to red soils, which is attributed to the variation in the physicochemical properties of soils. Spectral reflectance, under laboratory conditions, for all the soils increases with wavelength from visible to infrared region except at 950 nm and 1200 nm, where reflectance decreased in all soils, due to weaker water absorption bands and also at 1350 nm, due to strong water absorption at this band. The spectral reflectance of red soils were higher, in-situ as well as under laboratory conditions, as compared to black soils, which is attributed to variation in soil colour, organic matter and clay content of soils. It is observed that the spectral reflectance decrease due to moisture content in soils in all the spectral bands because of darker appearance of soils at moist conditions. Laboratory reflectance measurements serve to define the extent to which intrinsic spectral information is available from soils as a consequence of their composition.     

航空遥感数据典型自然下垫面偏振特性分析

对于航空航天大气偏振遥感来说,下垫面偏振辐射噪声影响扣除至关重要。本文基于航空偏振遥感数据,探讨了典型自然下垫面对可见光及短波红外波段偏振敏感性。研究发现,在可见光波段与短波红外(2250 nm)波段,植被下垫面偏振反射率线性拟合斜率都接近1,相关系数大于0.95,表明植被偏振反射率对光谱波段不敏感。比较分析了平静水面和存在耀光水面在670 nm和2250 nm两波段的偏振特性,存在耀光的水面其偏振反射率大约是平静水面的3倍。此外,在实验室测量了红砂土和河沙土的偏振反射率,偏振反射率随波段的改变量很小,其与波段的线性拟合斜率仅为10-5量级,说明两者的偏振反射率对波段很不敏感。因此,利用典型自然下垫面在可见和短波红外波段的偏振反射特性,将能够有效进行地气解耦,提高大气偏振遥感精度。     

Spectral responses of jojoba under salinity stress

Spectral reflectance characteristics of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.), a dioecious member of Buxaceae have been studied, especially under salinity stress. Reflectance is minimum at bands 1 and 2 (450–520 nm and 520–590 run) of visible range and maximum at bands 3 and 4 (620–680 nm and 770–860 nm) of near infrared range. At all wavelength intervals, male plants have greater reflectance than females. Reflectance in near infrared range (band 4) decreases with increasing age and leaf area index (LAI). A reverse trend occurs at band 3. Absorptance increases in visible as well as Infrared ranges with increasing salinity from control to 10 PSU of sea water concentration.     

叶片辐射等效水厚度计算与叶片水分定量反演研究

在分析叶片水分对叶片反射率光谱影响的基础上,结合叶片内部水、干物质、叶绿素等光谱吸收系数曲线特征,分析了975nm波长水气吸收特征处叶片与光线相互作用原理,并利用Beer定律和945nm,975nm波长光谱反射率差值,推导了975nm波长辐射等效水厚度REWT的计算公式。由于表面反射、杂散射光、非均匀介质和叶片内部多次散射等因素,光在叶片内部的辐射传输不能直接用Beer定律描述,且利用Beer定律计算的REWT与叶片等效水水厚度EWT之间会有较大的偏差。论文设计和获取了多植物、不同水分梯度的叶片光谱获取试验数据,整理和分析了欧盟Lopex93数据,利用这两组独立数据和论文提出的REWT计算公式,比对验证了975nm波长叶片REWT和叶片EWT的统计模型,结果表明：由于光在叶片内部的多次散射,REWT是EWT的3.3倍左右。论文研究结果一方面为叶片EWT定量遥感探测提供了一种快速、简单且有较强通用性的计算方法和模型,另一方面,探测叶片REWT和EWT的定量关系,有助于了解叶片内部的光辐射传输情况,特别是间接了解近红外波段叶片内部的多次散射情况。     

磁铁石英岩型铁矿岩芯光谱编录研究

 对河北省昌黎县闫庄铁矿床的磁铁石英岩型铁矿石261件样品进行了光谱反射率测量，并与其铁含量进行了相关关系研究，目 的是对钻孔岩芯编录的新方法即高光谱岩芯编录在此类矿床中的可行性进行分析。研究结果表明，铁矿石反射率较低，一般为5%~20% ，铁离子的吸收峰主要表现在400~1 100 nm范围内，铁矿石中铁含量与850~900 nm的反射率均值呈现显著指数负相关关系，为高光谱 岩芯编录在此类矿床中的可行性提供了理论依据和技术途径。     

Quantitative Inversion of Vegetation Biochemical Components Based on HJ1-A HSI in Coal Mining Area

This study investigates the applicability of estimating chlorophyll and water content at canopy level through empirical models and band combinations. The main goal is to evaluate and compare the accuracy of these two approaches for estimating and mapping canopy chlorophyll and water content through canopy reflectance and spaceborne HJ1-A HSI data acquired over Yanzhou coal mining area. An experiment was carried out. Canopy spectral measurements were acquired in the field using an ASD spectroradiometer along with simultaneous in situ measurements of leaf chlorophyll content. We tested seven variables derived from canopy reflectance for detecting canopy chlorophyll and water content: (1) R, (2) Log(1/R), (3) Log(1/R)′, (4) FDR, (5) SDR, (6) CRR, (7) BD. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to select wavelengths from HJ1-A HSI image bands. Correlation analysis was also done between different band combinations and biochemistry. A statistically significant relationship between Log(1/R) and chlorophyll was found at canopy level (R² = 0.516). SDR had the highest correlation with canopy water content (R² = 0.490). In addition, relationship between normalized different band combinations and chlorophyll and water content is also significantly obvious (R² = 0.577 and R² = 0.615). Canopy chlorophyll content was estimated with the intermediate accuracy (R² = 0.4144), while water content was estimated with an acceptable accuracy (R² = 0.4592). Canopy chlorophyll and water content spatial distribution were mapped. Chlorophyll and water stress levels were quantified by comparing different environmental stressors.     

Assessment of crop growth parameters of wheat under stress condition through ground based spectral data

A field experiment was conducted on wheat crop during rabi seasons of 1995–96, 1996–97 and 1997–98 to study the spectral response of wheat crop (between 490 to 1080 nm) under water and nutrient stress condition. An indigenously developed ground truth radiometer having narrow band in visible and near infrared region (490 – 1080 nm) was used. Vegetation indices derived using different band combinations and related to crop growth parameters. The near infrared spectral region of 710 – 1025 nm was found most important for monitoring stress condition. Relationship has been developed between crop growth parameters and vegetation indices. Leaf Area Index (LAI) and chlorophyll could be predicted by knowing different reflectance ratios at milking stage of crop with R² value of 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. Dry biomass (DBM), Plant Water Content (PWC) and grain yield are also significantly related with reflectance ratios at flowering stage of crop with R² value of 0.90, 0.98 and 0.74, respectively.     

Comparison of ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for IRS-P4 OCM sensor usingin-situ data

In-situ chlorophyll concentration data and remote sensing reflectance (R_rs) measurements collected in six different ship campaigns in the Arabian Sea were used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and suitability of different ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for the Arabian Sea. The bio-optical data sets represent the typical range of biooptical conditions expected in this region and are composed of 47 stations encompassing chlorophyll concentration, between 0.072 and 5.90 mg m^-3, with 43 observations in case I water and 4 observations in case II water. Six empirical chlorophyll algorithms [i.e. Aiken-C, POLDER-C, OCTS-C, Morel-3, Ocean Chlorophyll-2 (OC2) and Ocean Chlorophyll-4 (OC4)] were selected for analysis on the Arabian Sea data set. Numerous statistical and graphical criterions were used to evaluate the performance of these algorithms. Among these six chlorophyll algorithms two chlorophyll algorithms (i.e. OC2 and OC4) performed well in the case I waters of the Arabian Sea. The OC2 algorithm, a modified cubic polynomial function which uses ratio of R_rs490 nm and R_rs555 nm (where, R_rs is remote sensing reflectance), performed well with r²=0.85; rms =0.15. The OC4 algorithm, a four-band (443, 490, 510, 555 nm), maximum band ratio formulation was found best on the basis of statistical analysis results with r²=0.85 and rms=0.14. Both OC2 and OC4 algorithms failed to estimate chlorophyll inTrichodesmium dominated waters. The OC2 algorithm was preferred over OC4 algorithm for routine processing of the OCM data to generate chlorophyll-a images, as it uses a band ratio of 490/555 nm and atmospheric correction is more accurate in 490 nm compared to 443 nm band, which is used by OC4 algorithm.     

植物单叶偏振反射特征研究

简明地阐述了植物单叶偏振反射特征以及影响植物单叶偏振反射的主要因素 ,这对偏振光遥感的深入研究具有一定的理论和实践意义